Special topic

This page has been robot translated, sorry for typos if any. Original content here.

Ekonomіka pіdpriєmstva - Makarovska ETC.

3.2. Іnnovatsіynі Process

Ponyattya i klasifіkatsіya іnnovatsіynih protsesіv.

Naukova-tehnіchny progressive, yogo osnovnі example.

Otsіnyuvannya rіvnya NTP.

Organіzatsіyny progression.

Otsіnyuvannya ekonomіchnoї efektivnostі innovations.

Іnnovatsіynі processes - tse sukupnіst Progressive, yakіsno novih for Change, SSMSC bezperervno vinikayut in chasі th prostorі.

Slіd rozrіznyati ponyattya "News" i "innovations". News vinikayut yak result іnnovatsіynih protsesіv, yak vtіlennya tvorchoї pillows in Helsinki Human Pevnyi ekonomіko-virobnichu problem and vprovadzhennya noviny gospodarsku in practice - tse innovations.

Otsіnyuvannya, of acceptance i novih realіzatsіya rіshen in Galuzo tehnіki, tehnologії, organіzatsіynih forms that metodіv gospodaryuvannya stanovlyat are іnnovatsіynih protsesіv. Іnnovatsіynі processes pochinayutsya in Pevnyi Galuzo science and zavershuyutsya in virobnitstvі.

For spheres zastosuvannya іnnovatsіynі processes podіlyayut on takі harakternі Vidi:

  1. News tehnіchnі i innovation - novі virobi, tehnologії, zasobi virobnitstva;
  2. organіzatsіynі іnnovatsії - novі i Metodi FORMS organіzatsії vsіh vidіv dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva, forms suspіlnogo virobnitstva;
  3. ekonomіchnі іnnovatsії - udoskonalenі methodological gospodarskogo upravlіnnya pіdpriєmstvom (prognozuvannya, planuvannya, fіnansuvannya, tsіnoutvorennya, motivatsіya that payment pratsі);
  4. sotsіalnі іnnovatsії - Form aktivіzatsії Human Factor in dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva (profesіyna pіdgotovka i pіdvischennya kvalіfіkatsії staff stimulyuvannya tvorchoї aktivnostі, pіdtrimuvannya temple rіvnya BEZPEKA pratsі, receptionists Zdorov'ya people receptionists dovkіllya, stvorennya comfortable minds Zhittya);
  5. yuridichnі innovation - regulyuvannya vsіh vidіv dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva on osnovі novih i zmіnenih zakonіv and takozh regulatory and legal dokumentіv.

For masshtabnіstyu i power vplivu іnnovatsії podіlyayut on lokalnі th globalnі. Lokalnі News spriyayut evolyutsіynim peretvorennyam in dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva i neіstotno vplivayut on efektivnіst yogo funktsіonuvannya that rozvitku. Globalnі News zdebіlshogo revolyutsіynі, tobto printsipovo novі scho dramatically pіdvischuyut organіzatsіyno-tehnіchny rіven virobnitstva, zabezpechuyut suttєvі pozitivnі zrushennya in ekonomіchnih i sotsіalnih processes. Osoblivostі Suchasnyj NTP:

  1. peretvorennya science bezposerednyu suspіlstva productive force;
  2. skorochennya promіzhku od Naukova vіdkrittya to yogo praktichnoї realіzatsії;
  3. viperedzhayuchy rozvitok science;
  4. rozshirennya between ohoplennya Suchasnyj NTP i masshtabnіst tsogo processes.

Whether yak s Power metoyu zabezpechennya temple rіvnya Economy i podolannya vіdstavannya Vlasnyi rozvitku od rozvitku іnshih kraїn guilty zdіysnyuvati єdinu Reigning NAUKOVO-tehnіchnu polіtiku - tsіlespryamovanі zabezpechennya come in integrated science rozvitku i tehnіki, uprovadzhennya efektivnosti rezultatіv virobnitstva in practice. Otzhe, power on the skin etapі rozvitku viznachaє osnovnі eg NTP i zabezpechuє minds for їh zdіysnennya.

Zagalnі eg NTP:

  1. stvorennya novih i vdoskonalennya іsnuyuchih tehnologіy, zasobіv pratsі that kіntsevoї produktsії;
  2. stvorennya novih i polіpshennya of Quality zastosovuvanih materіalіv;
  3. virobnitstva automation.

Prіoritetnі eg Suchasnyj NTP rozglyanemo detalnіshe.

  1. Elektronіzatsіya national Gospodarstwa. Elektronіzatsіya - tse zabezpechennya areas virobnitstva i suspіlnogo Zhittya visokoefektivnimi zasobami obchislyuvalnoї tehnіki, novimi pokolіnnyami suput-greenhouse systems zv'yazku toscho.
  2. A complex automation vsіh Galuzo national Gospodarstwa. Automation - tse vprovadzhennya in virobnichі processes gnuchkih avtomatizovanih virobnichih systems Promyslova robotіv, bagatooperatsіynih verstatіv s CNC systems avtomatizovanogo proektuvannya, avtomatizovanih upravlіnnya systems.
  3. Stvorennya i novih vikoristannya materіalіv. Takі materіali toil novі vlastivostі, SSMSC widely zastosovuyut in Pevnyi Galuzo science i promislovostі: nadprovіdnіst, radіatsіyna stіykіst, stіykіst to znoshennya, nadchistі materіali іz vlastivostyami tasks.
  4. Osvoєnnya printsipovo novih tehnologіy - membrannoї, lazernoї, plazmovoї, vakuumnoї, detonatsіynoї.
  5. Priskoreny rozvitok bіotehnologії. Bіotehnologіya bazuєtsya on Promyslova zastosuvannі stvorenih zhivih systems nasampered mіkroorganіzmіv. Bіotehnologіya spriyaє stvorennyu bezvіdhodnih tehnologіy, naroschuvannyu obsyagіv virobnitstva sirovini i prodovolchih resursіv.

Rіven NTP otsіnyuєtsya great kіlkіstyu pokaznikіv, Sereda yakih mainly Je pokazniki tehnіchnogo rіvnya virobnitstva scho vіdobrazhayut obsyag factuality vprovadzhennya in virobnitstvo dosyagnen science tehnіki, tehnologії, organіzatsії pratsі th upravlіnnya.

1. Fondoozbroєnіst pratsі:

de Sof - vartіst mainly virobnichih fondіv;

W - serednya chiselnіst Promyslova-virobnichogo staff.

2. Tehnіchna ozbroєnіst pratsі:

de Cakt - vartіst aktivnoї Chastain Main virobnichih fondіv.

3. Elektroozbroєnіst pratsі:

de e - Quantity spozhitoї elektroenergії.

4. i do updates Koefіtsієnti vibuttya mainly fondіv and takozh їh aktivnoї Chastain:

5. Koefіtsієnti entry that lіkvіdatsії mainly fondіv.

Rіven NTP takozh Mauger harakterizuvatisya dopomіzhnimi pokaznikami: koefіtsієntami elektrifіkatsії, mehanіzatsії, avtomatizatsії virobnitstva, spozhitoyu on tehnologіchnі tsіlі chastkoyu elektroenergії that іn. Іntensivnіst іnnovatsіynih protsesіv on virobnitstvі mozhna otsіniti, obchislyuyuchi pokazniki, pov'yazanі s Rukh mainly fondіv pіdpriєmstva. Pokazniki Ruhu basic technique fondіv i їh rozrahunkіv imposed in the Table. 4.

Organіzatsіyny progressive polyagaє in udoskonalennі іsnuyuchih that zastosuvannі novih i metodіv forms organіzatsії virobnitstva th pratsі. Yakscho NTP stvoryuє mozhlivostі for іnnovatsіynoї dіyalnostі then organіzatsіyny progressive їh realіzuє. Porіvnyano s STP organіzatsіyny uniquely progressive deshevshe. Іnodі vіn obmezhuєtsya admіnіstrativnimi taps.

Organіzatsіya pratsі in chasі daє mozhlivіst vstanoviti ratsіonalny pratsі mode. Organіzatsіya pratsі in prostorі spriyaє zakrіplennyu staff for vіdpovіdnimi robochem mіstsyami.

Suchasnі tendentsії organіzatsіynogo Progreso:

  1. priskorennya tempіv rozvitku okremih suspіlnih forms organіzatsії virobnitstva (dekontsentratsії, kooperuvannya, konversії, diversifіkatsії) i posilennya їh vzaєmozv'yazkіv;
  2. posilennya bezperervnostі that gnuchkostі virobnitstva on pіdpriєmstvah bagatoh Galuzo zavdyaki wide zastosuvannyu avtomatizatsії, robototehnіchnih systems gnuchkih virobnichih systems scho spriyaє mіnіmіzatsії vitrat th hour pіdvischennyu produktivnostі pratsі. Efektivnіst NTP harakterizuє rezultativnіst іnvestitsіy Yea i vіdnoshennyam efekt od zdіysnennya zahodіv NTP vitrat up to them.

Ekonomіchny efekt - tse result whether yakogo sunset, yaky naychastіshe virazhaєtsya Pevnyi sumoyu penny. Efekt od uprovadzhennya NTP Mauger Buti yak positive (ekonomіya vitrat), so i NEGATIVE (zbitki).

Priskorennya NTP zagalom sprichinyuє th INSHI efekt: krіm ekonomіchnogo resource, tehnіchny, sotsіalny that іn.

Resource efekt - tse vivіlnennya Chastain resursіv (materіalnih, labor, fіnansovih) on pіdpriєmstvі. Tehnіchny efekt - tse

  1. Prybutok one virіb 2600 1580 = 1020 USD.
  2. Rіchny Prybutok 1020 • 800 = 816 tis. USD.
  3. Prybutok for shіst rokіv 816 • 6 = 4896 tis. USD.
  4. Ekonomіchny efekt 4896 37.5 = 4858.5 yew. USD.

Problem 3. Obchisliti for skіlki rokіv okuplyatsya vitrati on pridbannya lіtsenzії on vigotovlennya pobutovoї tehnіki and takozh launch її in virobnitstvo, Yakscho vartіst lіtsenzії -. $ 3,000, kapіtalnі vitrati on її osvoєnnya i Key infrastructure - 250 tis. USD. Sobіvartіst car - 220 UAH, Cena sale - 255.2 UAH. Rіchny obsyag virobnitstva - 1200 pcs. Koefіtsієnt translated іnozemnoї currency from grivnі - 5.0.

Rozv'yazannya.

  • Quantity vitrachenih koshtіv 250 + 3 = 5 • 265 tis. USD.
  • Prybutok per unit produktsії = 35.2 255.2 220 UAH.
  • Rіchny Prybutok 35.2 • 1200 = 42.24 yew. USD.
  • Termіn okupnostі vitrat 265: 42.24 = 6.3 rock.


 
Liked? Subscribe to RSS news!
You can also support shram.kiev.ua, click:

Do not be amiss to your friends and learn this information, share with them the article!

Expand / Collapse box with comments

Comments

Commenting, keep in mind that the content and the tone of your messages can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to his interlocutors, even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in terms of freedom of speech and anonymity offered by the Internet, is changing not only virtual, but real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam control.
Free Credit Card with a limit of 15,000 USD.