Legal encyclopedia. The letter a

JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

- A commercial organization formed by one or more persons not in accordance with its obligations, with authorized capital divided into a certain number of shares, the rights to which are certified by shares. The constituent document is the charter approved by the founders. The highest governance body in AO is a meeting of shareholders, and a board of directors (supervisory board) may be established if there are more than 50 participants in the company. Current management of activities

Of the joint-stock company is exercised by the executive body, which may be collegial (board or directorate) and (or) sole (director). The authorized capital consists of the nominal value of shares. A share is a security that secures and enforces the right of a shareholder to receive a portion of the profit (dividends) received by AO in the course of its activities.

The minimum authorized capital must be at least a thousand times the minimum wage, established by federal law on the date of registration. The authorized capital of AO can be changed: increased or decreased. In the first case, the authorized capital may be increased by increasing the nominal value of shares or placing additional shares. In the second - a decrease in the authorized capital entails a reduction in the nominal value of shares or a reduction in their number. Participants AO (shareholders) are not liable for the obligations of the company and bear the risk of losses that are related to the activities of the company, within the value of their shares.

There are two categories of shares that AO has the right to issue and place: ordinary and privileged. Owners of ordinary shares are given the right to vote at a general meeting of shareholders, the right to receive an undivided dividend from AO's net profit is guaranteed and a part of the property is received in case of liquidation. The preferred share does not give the right to vote, but guarantees the receipt of a strictly fixed amount of dividends outside

Depending on whether the profit was received or not.

The firm name should contain the name and an indication that it is a joint-stock company.

There are two types of AO: open and closed.

Open AO is characterized by the fact that its participants can dispose of their shares without the consent of other shareholders, have the opportunity to conduct an open subscription to the shares they issue, as well as free sale of shares. Open AO annually publishes the annual accounts, the balance sheet, the profit and loss account.

Closed AO is characterized by the fact that the shares are distributed only among the founders or predetermined persons, as well as the ban on opening a subscription to the issued shares. When selling the shares of a closed AO, the members of the company have the pre-emptive right to purchase them. The number of founders of closed AO does not exceed 50. In case of excess, it becomes open or liquidated. The minimum authorized capital for closed A is not less than one hundred times the minimum wage,

Established by federal law on the date of registration of the company.

By decision of the general meeting of shareholders, AO can be voluntarily reorganized or liquidated. There are five types of reorganization of the company: merger,

Joining, separation, separation and transformation. From the moment of registration of newly emerged legal entities, from the moment of entry into the State Register of a record of the termination of the activities of the affiliated company upon accession, the company is considered

Reorganized.

AO is liquidated voluntarily or by a court decision. In liquidation, a company ceases its activities without transferring rights and obligations in the order of succession to other persons.