home Other disciplines Books Міжнародні розрахунки та валюні операції - Savluk M.І.

Міжнародні розрахунки та валюні операції - Savluk M.І.

5.1.2. Forms of an accreditation

In practice, the international rozraunkіv rozrіznyayut takіi basic forms of the accreditation:

• Відкличний;
• Безвідкличний;
• Non-adherence and approval;
• Nepokrytii that pokruty.

An accreditation for a certain hour may be changed by the bank-issuer for the parties, the yak ordered the accreditation of the accredit to be made without a periodic review of the beneficiary. The accreditation does not stipulate the legal paid plots to the bank. Тільки тоді, if the bank-issuer yo-yo bank-correspondent zdіysniv paid for documents, vklikkliknya accredit to be lulled without legal force. Otzhe, the accreditation is not necessary to the beneficiary of sufficient guarantees. Він ніколи not підтверджуєєєєѕ a bank-correspondent і mozhe використовуватись лише у ділових відносинах між партнер, які відомі one only як так так, що заслуговуть на взаємну довіру.

On the hourly stage, the accredited act is vikorostvuyutsya duzhe ridko. Tom neobhhidno zivertati respect for those who are in the doruchennyi on vidkrtya akreditiva bula chitko yoka form is written, bok yakshchoo vona vitsutnya, then such aktivitiv zavzhdi vvazhaetsya viklichnim.

An unsecured accreditation gives a beneficiary a high degree of guarantee of that, yo yogo deliveries and services, will be paid for, yak tilki vіn vikonaє умоi акредитива. In other words, bezvid-klinchnyj akreditiv, yakshcho nadanі dokumenti doderzhany i voshi yogovi виvi, є zdorov zobov'yazni платеam payment to the bank-emittent. For zmіnennya that anuljuvannya minds without an accredited accreditation obovyazyako neobhіdna zhoda yak beneficiary, so іpідповідальних банків. Якщо продавець бажає змінити або анулювати окремі умоми активтива, він guilty vimagati від покупця визагаі відповідного доручення банку-емітентові. Without such a proruchennya priinyattya zmіn, navkit partkovih, not allowed.

About vidkritya without accreditation, the beneficiary is paid through a correspondent bank. Ostannomu bank-emitent, a kind of vikonuє akreditiv, mozhe lishe proruchiti avizuvati accredit benifitsiara abo pidstverditi yogo. To the point of view of the dobby crawlers, the bezvidkichny acreditivi podiljajutsja on pidstverdzheni ta nepіdverdzhen.

When a non-accredited non-credited accredited bank-correspondent is deprived of benefit to the beneficiary of the accreditation. In the case of people who do not take nyakogo obscene zobov'yana schodo payment і, such a rank, not zobov'yazaniy yogo spend on documents, yakі nadani benefiktsiarom, for svyy rakhunok.

Оскільки бенефіціар може розраховувати виключно на банк-емітен за кордоном, then він to wait for the lack of adherence to the accreditation in this case, якщо політичний ризик і ризик переказування коштів незначні. Yakshco correspondent bank can put money on a good bank with a bank, but in the form of an accreditation, and so it is necessary for a regular economic situation, then, as a rule, a loan is paid for documents without a confirmation from the method of a shvydkoy operation in the interests of a clien.

With a non-accredited written confirmation, the correspondent bank shall be credited with the beneficiary asset. Tim himself vin zobov'azuyutsya zdіysniti plizhizh for documents, copies of the actor and submit to the lines. Otzhe, u tsiomu razi benefitsyar order zobov'azanyannam bank, scho vidkryv akreditiv, mi legally rivnotsinne i samostystne zobovnya zakozniti zdіysniti kapiizh bank. This step is guaranteed to payment for a new job. Oskilki zdebylshogo such akreditiv pidtverdzhuyutsya bank at kraїnі exporter, polichnichny rizik i risik kokhtivannya koshtivv viklyuchayutsya. In the case of the vicinities of the counterparties, the counterparties of the microentrepreneurship of the pidtverdzhuyuchogo bank vvazhaetsya mіscom sudovibrobnitsva, de vikorostvuyutsya mіsceve right. With an unconfirmed accredited viznachalnym moment for viboru mіstsya soviovrobnitsva є місцезнаходження банку, що відкрив акредитив.

The correspondent bank can understand the reasons for the need to establish an accreditation. To those Ukrainian exporters, we recommend that before settling the land, the remainder of the contract should be consulted in the bank with the driver, or the remainder of the payment, accredited by the bank, or in any circumstances. In such a way it is possible to forget the unsuitable situations for all the parties.

At mіzhorannіy pravіtsіі rozraunkіvіv безвідкличний, підтверджений vlasnim bank the accreditation надає найбільші guarantorії експортеру. Currency risk, poko zalishetsya i pislja garantii, mozhe bouti zaschasovaniya forward, f'ючерсними й опціонними contracts тоді, if відомий lines надходження платежу. Yakshto the date of payment is not indicated from the very beginning, banks, yakі conduct currency exchange transactions, can bargain іnshі mozhnovostі strahuvannya currency rizikіv, napriklad, konvertuvati vіdpіdnu sumu u currency payment that zaryahuvati її on deposit.

Documentary akreditivi mozut bouti kakrtimi i nepokrimi.

Nepokritimi vvazhayutsya takі akreditivi , yakі pidtverdzhuyutsya banks without alternately zarezvovanih them koshtіv klієntіv on his rahhunkah to pay for the goods (obeshi) for akreditivom. So, for example, if the banks finish one of their own cli- nites, and the risks that have been imposed on the repatriation of koshtivs, the minimum.

Let's take a look at the accredit, when you see such bank-issuers alternately donate to the retail bank of currencies (pokrtya), but to lie on the importer, on the sum of the credit on the term of money, to the bank-issuer for the cancellation of the credit for payment for the credit. Pokrtya can nadavatisya kilkoma ways:

• Creditworthy for the sum of an accredited correspondent rahunku to a bank in a bank-issuing bank;
• Nadannyam vikonyuchomu bank right to write off the entire sum of the credit to the bank of the bank-issuer, which is entered into it;
• Vidkrittyam bank-emitentom insurable deposits poko deposit pokrtya vikonyuchomu bank.

Vichorennya Pokritya to bring to the actual frozen koshtiv importera perіod vіd vіdkritya akreditiva before vyplati koshtіv after him. Al such an akreditiv mee nayvishchy stupin guarantee for payment of the contracted contract. In accredit, scho vidkrivaevatsya bank, moe bouti chitko pokazano, in a way (with pokrtyamam chi without nyogo) vin vikonuetsya.