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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

Rozdіl 6 Lyudsky chinnik in rozmіschennі productive forces

6.1. Demografіchna situatsіya i demoekonomіchne vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy

Demografіchna situatsіya in Ukraїnі in ostannє stolіttya digit mіroyu viznachaєtsya folding suspіlno-polіtichnim rozvitkom, rіvnem materіalnogo zabezpechennya population yogo natsіonalno cultural traditsіyami, pobutom, duhovnіstyu toscho. Rocky famine, represіy, voєn rіzko Items marked negatively on demografіchnomu potentsіalі Ukraine. For deyakimi otsіnkami, Suchasna UKRAINE without svіdomogo i tsіlespryamovanogo vinischuvannya її population nalіchuvala b schonaymenshe 100 million zhitelіv, tobto vdvіchі bіlshe, nіzh NOW.

In Ukraїnі prozhivaє osіb 48 million (0.7 vіdsotka population svitu, 1 sіchnya 2003 p.). For chiselnіstyu population Won posіdaє p'yate Location Sered єvropeyskih powers (pіslya Nіmechchini, Іtalії, Velikoї Britanії that Frantsії).

UKRAINE nalezhit to kraїn scho harakterizuyutsya Nadzvychaina sytuatsia nizkimi population growth. For CIM pokaznikom Won posіdala odne s ostannіh mіsts Sered, the Federal respublіk kolishnogo SRSR- During 1940-1990 pp., Napriklad, chiselnіst zhitelіv Ukraine zrosla tіlki 25 vіdsotkіv. Lachey in Bіlorusії Tsey pokaznik CCB slit nizhchim i becomes 12.7 vіdsotka. Zagalny same prirіst population kolishnogo CPCP for one hour dosyag 47.7 vіdsotka.

Demografіchna situatsіya in Ukraїnі in ostannі Rocky harakterizuvalasya transition trivaloї th ustalenoї tendentsії skorochennya tempіv population growth in absolute zmenshennya yogo zagalnoї chiselnostі. Thus, in 1980-1989 pp. population growth of Ukraine becomes 3.6 vіdsotka and vzhe in 1990-2003 pp. skorochennya pace becomes 0.6 vіdsotka. Tіlki 2002 p. postіyne population of Ukraine zmenshilosya 0.9 vіdsotka, abo on 400.0 yew. osіb.

The main reason for the natural values ​​vіd'єmnih Ruhu population - tse perevazhannya kіlkostі died on kіlkіstyu narodzhenih. So, spіvvіdnoshennya pokaznikіv narodzhuvanostі that smertnostі svіdchit about nespriyatlivu demografіchnu situatsіyu. Naygіrsha Won in pіvnіchnih i skhіdnih regions of Ukraine (Chernіgіvskіy, Sumskіy, Poltavskіy, Donetskіy, Harkіvskіy). Neznachny ale dodatny prirіst toil Zakarpats'ka, Lviv, Volins'ka, Ivano-Frankіvska, Chernіvetska oblastі.

Vazhlivim pokaznikom demografіchnoї situatsії in Ukraїnі Je serednya trivalіst Zhittya, tobto Quantity rokіv, yak in serednomu nalezhit living tsomu pokolіnnyu narodzhenih, Yakscho pripustiti scho tsogo vprodovzh Zhittya pokolіnnya rіven smertnostі in okremih vіkovih GROUP bude Taqiy, yak NOW. . For people scho PEOPLES 1991 p ochіkuvana serednya trivalіst Zhittya becoming 71 Year (cholovіkіv - 66 and zhіnok - 75). Spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh chiselnіstyu zhіnok cholovіkіv i have rіznih vіkovih forms vіdbivaє statevo vіkova-structure of the population (Fig. 6.1). Bіlshіst population of Ukraine stanovlyat zhіnki (vіdsotki 53) against at rіznih GROUP Quantity cholovіkіv i zhіnok neodnakova.

Poglibivsya in Ukraїnі processes starіnnya population. Tse prizvelo to zbіlshennya demografіchnogo that ekonomіchnogo navantazhennya pratsezdatnogo contingent personages, scho viyshli for mezhі pratsezdatnogo vіku. Vіdpovіdnі Demografіchnі processes sformuvali nespriyatlivu s point Zora potreb suchasnoї Economy vіkovu structure zaynyatostі pratsezdatnogo population.

Potentsіal demoekonomіchnogo rozvitku regіonіv Ukraine digit mіroyu zumovleny Suchasnyj krizovoe yavischami. Pong vplivayut negatively on natural vіdtvorennya population prignіchuyut demografіchnu warehouses proportsіy robochoї Sealy, formuyut neratsіonalnі mіgratsіynі flows SSMSC on okremih teritorіyah mozhut peretvoryuvatisya on chinnik destabіlіzatsії locally rinkіv pratsі.

Over the minds depopulyatsії vіdbuvaєtsya vіdpovіdne obmezhennya so the title of Demografіchnih іnvestitsіy yak Chastain natsіonalnogo income. Tsya Chastina nagromadzhuєtsya i vikoristovuєtsya not tіlki on rozvitok sotsіalnoї іnfrastrukturi and the second on stvorennya novih robochem mіsts in virobnichіy sferі.

Analіz demoekonomіchnogo vіdtvorennya sukupnoї robochoї Sealy in Ukraine regіonah daє mozhlivіst viznachiti zagalnu spryamovanіst zrushen in tsіy sferі. Odnієyu s vazhlivih demoekonomіchnoї situatsії Especially, scho in sklalasya regіonah Ukraine protyagom 80-90 rokіv, Je suttєve padіnnya rіvnya zaynyatostі population in Galuzo Economy on fonі Neznachny zmenshennya chi navіt zrostannya chastki population pratsezdatnogo vіku.

Teritorіalny pererozpodіl robochoї Sealy Je odnієyu s gnuchkih forms sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo regulyuvannya Offers robochoї Seeley and chinnikom takozh, scho vplivaє on rіven zabezpechenostі WORKFORCE tієї chi іnshoї spherical Economy. Vіdpliv robochoї Sealy s tehnіchno vіdstalih Galuzo s temple chastkoyu vazhkoї ruchnoї pratsі that nizkim rіvnem її produktivnostі in bіlsh tehnologіchno doskonalі spherical gospodaryuvannya s ekonomіchnoї point Zora Je vazhlivim іndikatorom Progressive zrushen teritorіalno-structuring galuzevoї zaynyatostі population.

Natural reaktsієyu normal funktsіonuyuchoї ekonomіchnoї system on suttєve pogіrshennya personnel zabezpechennya tієї sphere, scho vtrachaє robochem force Je radically do updates materіalno-tehnіchnoї bazi virobnitstva.