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International Management - Rodchenko VV

1.6. The general trends and management concept at the threshold of the XXI century

Currently, promising approaches are the following:

• an approach based on the theory of factors of production and its practical, empirical expression - scientific management, as well as the use of the criterion of economic rationality or efficiency;

• behavioral approach, which is in a production environment and is based on the criterion of efficiency;

• system-theoretical system with its criterion of rationality;

• based on the concept of the enterprise as a social institution, which must meet the demands of different interest groups, and its structure and management should be built taking into account a broader understanding of the socio-economic rationality (eg, a particular focus on the environment or the problems of the "third world").

Based on these approaches formed the concept of strategic management, which specifies the main goal of the company by taking decisions about what products and how consumers need to deliver, how to buy and use the resources that the enterprise could operate successfully in a rapidly changing environment.

Company policy should be aimed at ensuring the autonomy of its activities. At the same time relations with internal and external interest groups should be built in such a way to keep interest in the success of the enterprise and does not deprive it of critical resources.

Requires systematic analysis of problems of the enterprise and its management policy (while in the 80s of the twentieth partial research questions predominated in.). In the future, companies will have to increasingly use a systematic approach, not excluding private deeper to realistically evaluate, analyze and organize complicate phenomenon of corporate management.

The future development of the company is preparing unexpected combination of opportunities and risks. It is necessary to structure the field of uncertainty (ie, grasp the essence of the changing communications systems, to estimate the probability of situational combinations..); give him a relative measure (to establish the relevance of these combinations for the development of the enterprise, to realize the chances and risks for their own position in the market); narrow the field (taking into account its own capabilities and limitations to exclude certain areas, to take decisions regarding the future promising development paths).

The need to consider different interests influencing the adoption of policy decisions and the future development of the company, leads to an increase in the role of company policy. With regard to resource management will be beneficial strategy based on the fact that the success of the enterprise policy (strategic success) is more dependent on the originality of the competitive core competencies than to deploy strategic business fields of the industry. In developing the principles of business strategy along with an analysis of the industry, competition and the market (market approach) need and justification of resource assessment and core competencies (resource-based approach). In any case, the resource should be included in the concept of strategic development.

The main areas and concepts of science and practice of management in developed countries, according to many experts, are the following:

1) re-engineering - restructuring on modern information technology and the basis of the organization of production and economic activity and management;

2) The concept of domestic corporate market, which is the transfer of the laws and principles of a market economy in the internal activities of companies. These revolutionary changes should cover all units - linear, functional, and even marketing unit senior managers. These units are self-contained units, to buy goods and services within the company and externally; they share common information networks, financial systems and business structures;

3) the theory of alliances, according to which the integration processes in the management, focused on more efficient use of all types of resources (primarily scientific, technical, and financial investment), lead to the emergence of diverse forms of horizontal union organizations;

4) The concept of management indicators, according to which, in many cases, non-financial indicators more accurately reflect the achievements of organizations and prospective effectiveness of the management model than the current financial. These, however intangible, assessment criteria are the intellectual capital, customer satisfaction, communication impact, completeness and comprehensiveness of information technology.

As the concrete experience of industrialized countries for its high welfare, they must not only "invisible hand" of the market, but (rather) the "invisible hand" of the state, ie. E. Public Administration. Terms of the effective functioning of the public service in the XXI century. will be the motivation of employees, the general public relations, ethics.

At the center of all modern management concepts put the man - on its behavior depends on the success of any company. Reliability of people management in all organizational structures determined by ascertaining the ratio of the motives and motivations.

The world is now experiencing a period of change of social type of person. The transition from human-to-human corporate economic. The latter, in contrast to human economic, focused exclusively on their own success, creates (especially for yourself) the environment in which it can live and grow. In general, the motivation is much more complicated. In addition, he is always concerned about their future, which is manifested, for example, in his concerns about the cleanliness of the economic environment.

In this regard, mention may be made known to the Japanese system of lifetime employment, which provides a stable human motivation and allows that to protect its present and future.

Forecast of changes expected in the production and management in the first decade of the XXI century., Determines the shape of the new century manager. Key requirements are common for managers from different countries and companies:

1) high level of professionalism and knowledge of the market combined with the knowledge of modern information technologies;

2) the ability to adapt to rapid market changes and personal situations, to perceive and apply new forms of work that is directly related to the flexibility of intelligence;

3) autonomous, creative mind, a willingness to take risks with the knowledge of how far he can go within the corporate structure.

The coming century is called the century of business. In fact, the entrepreneur is subject to no one, and above it there is no superiors, he (at your own risk) manages the business and attract people to it, being an innovator, generator of ideas.
Naturally, he is accountable to the special state bodies exercising supervision and control, but, in his view, running your own business, its management is very much a local government. This explains the desire of many people, including managers, to entrepreneurship. This trend makes the heads of large organizations to allow managers to part-time use for the realization of their interests in the business. For large enterprises and management to some extent become entrepreneurial. Called entrepreneurial management in an uncertain environment, characterized by the desire for constant change, the search for new opportunities and a high degree of risk in their implementation.

According to current projections in the management in the XXI century. It will be dominated by the principle of differentiation. Learning organizations will strive to originality, to move away from the standards of conduct. Following these rules will be the main means of survival in a highly competitive organizations in the sphere of business.

Here are the main directions of the evolution of management:

• the development and dissemination of human resources management concept, the center of which man is placed, the use behavioral approach;

• globalization of the economy and management;

• The emergence and expansion of the network of organizations, the formation of "flat" hierarchies and "transparent" management systems;

• re-engineering of production and business activities;

• the introduction of an environment paradigm shift in the conditions of globalization and information;

• transition from traditional management principle of "stability, efficiency, control" to the new - "partnership, humanization, efficiency";

• dissemination of enterprise management;

• expansion of intra-markets;

• the development of computer and telecommunication software management and virtualization;

• tendency to constant self-reorganization of companies;

• orientation to complete customer satisfaction. These trends are interrelated, interdependent and are global in nature. They should serve as benchmarks for the development of

Governance in Ukraine. Ukraine's integration into European and world market structures will be more successful than the best would be a correspondence between the world's best examples of management experience, the recommendations of science, on the one hand, and the peculiarities of Ukrainian internal environment, national traditions, mentality - on the other. It is also important, as will be trained managerial staff and whether there is a priority of management science.

Test your knowledge

1. Name the first international economic organizations.

2. Functions of CTE activities.

3. The main aims and objectives of the EU.

4. Explain the nature of the basic principles of GATT.

5. Causes and features of a new type of enterprise.

6. What is a global way of thinking?

7. The new strategic concept.

8. The new system of analytical thinking.

9. What are the modern enterprise management methods.