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International Management - Rodchenko VV

in the field of education and retraining of workers Policy

An important structural element "welfare state" is the system of education and retraining of workers. With this system, institutions implementing state retraining, facilitates businesses hiring individuals required qualifications, programs the state of the labor market.

The system of education and retraining of workers has been modified and improved in the 70-ies of XX century. One of the reasons for this are the specific conditions of development of the national economy. Until the 70s the major Swedish companies to produce such products, which had no analogues in the world (special steels, some types of bearings, unique production engineering industries, and so on. P.), And hence there was no competition. Yet the primary export commodities were, in particular, iron ore and timber. Since the 80-ies the main item was the Swedish export the products that compete in the world market with similar goods of other countries. Consequently, sharply increased requirements for competitiveness. To produce such products can only work force with a high professional training.

Another reason - the rapid growth of the service sector, in which, for example, 75% of workers were employed in 1995. In 90 years, hundreds of thousands of industrial workers (a considerable figure for that country) changed their profession or activity.

How to find the Swedish economists, investment in education and retraining help to increase the competitiveness and economic growth. That's why at the end of the 70s growing government spending on this sector.

Despite the increase in the level of training of specialists in higher education, the value of the resource in the labor market in Sweden is reduced. If 30 years ago, higher education was sufficient precondition for getting a job, it is now - only the necessary. Graduation in the 60s almost automatically meant getting a well-paid job. The modern university graduate only guaranteed the possibility of obtaining the workplace, and not necessarily in the specialty and no career prospects.

Therefore, special public authorities pay special attention to further improvement of the higher education system in order to achieve compliance with the tasks of learning the new trends in the economy and training - a real demand for them.

In addition, the decision of the majority of the leaders of the Swedish companies adopt a single national system of continuous (re) formation. The gist of it is this: the training period is not limited to age, a person must combine study and work throughout their working life. There are open education courses such as reduced learning, where you can get an education, equates to a specialized secondary or even higher, ie. E. To receive the second higher education.

The peculiarity of this type of education is that the employee receives the knowledge sufficient to perform specific professional tasks of the enterprise. These courses are financed mainly from the state budget (47.2% of the total amount financed by the funds) and municipalities (42.8%). This work experience is defined as follows (in points): the highest number of points is awarded for work in their fields, the smallest - in the care of children under 10 years old and the sick, the passage of military service.

According to Swedish experts, such a system of continuing education can enhance the chances of those who are without work. As a result of its use in the last decade in Sweden fell sharply migration associated with the search for work.

In the face of declining unemployment, especially among young people and the older age group in the country since 1984 are numerous targeted courses that give an opportunity to get in short supply for a certain period of time profession. A list of these professions Management establishes the labor market, based on the need to eliminate bottlenecks in the economy. Students receive a course manual on retraining or training. Given the fact that not all workers seeking to upgrade their qualifications, the country implemented measures aimed at enhancing the training delivered directly to production. Companies that are engaged in retraining its personnel receive special allocations from the Department of the labor market. In regions with high unemployment, the government provides to companies for these purposes from the state budget or allocate grants, allowing to increase payrolls. In general, state allocations for training and retraining of workers constitute 3% of GDP.

Eccentricity Swedish workers in retraining policy allows, firstly, to drastically reduce the level of unemployment in the country; secondly, to reduce the migration of the population associated with the search for work; Thirdly, it is appropriate to use the economic cycle and to convert the period of stagnation in the economy during the cyclical upturn in the vocational training, re-training is conducted when taking into account the expectations of the demand for certain professions.