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Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

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2.2.2. Іntegratsіya rules torgіvlі i odyagom textiles into GATT 1994

2.2.2.1. Suchasnyj camp svіtovoї torgіvlі textile produktsієyu that odyagom

Without perebіlshen mozhna skazati scho virobnitstvo tekstilnoї produktsії that odyagu nalezhit to naydrevnіshoї spherical ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі lyudstva. Hoch in the minds Suchasnyj textile promislovіst that virobnitstvo odyagu incoming in a group so the title of traditsіynih (not visokotehnologіchnih) Galuzo promislovostі, the stench of toil odnakovo vazhlive strategіchne values yak for rozvinenih kraїn, so i scho for kraїn rozvivayutsya. And chutlivіst, strategіchnіst Tsikh virobnitstv obumovlyuєtsya not tіlki structurally ekonomіchnimi chinnikami rozvitku natsіonalnih Gospodarstwa and second-sotsіalno ekonomіchnimi i polіtichnimi minds SSMSC natsіonalnі Uryadov vimushenі vrahovuvati at formuvannі prіoritetіv svoєї torgovelnoї polіtiki. Especially chutlivimi tsі the Branch for Je kraїn scho rozvivayutsya vnaslіdok of scho textiles that odyag posіdayut vazhlive Location in tovarnіy strukturі eksportu kraїn i Tsikh in galuzevіy strukturі zaynyatostі. So, in Pakistanі chastka tekstilnoї produktsії in zagalnomu obsyazі eksportu tovarіv becoming 49% in Nepalі - Іndії 22.7 in - 13.9 in Turtsії - 12.5 Іndonezії, Hong Kong, Єgiptі that in Bangladenі, vіdpovіdno - 5 , 7%, 6.4%, 7.0% Ta 7.6% (Table 1). In rozvinenih kraїnah tsі pokazniki uniquely nizhchі (Avstralіya - 0.5% Canada - 0.8%, Yaponіya that Shveytsarіya - 1.8%, USA - 1.4%, Kraina Єvropeyskogo Union - 2.2%), but the problem Zahist i zberezhennya natsіonalnogo virobnitstva Je Mensch not expired, nіzh access to zarubіzhnih rinkіv for kraїn scho rozvivayutsya.

Obsyagi i dinamіku іmportu tekstilnoї produktsії on okremih kraїnah for 1990-2001 pp. harakterizuyut danі tablitsі 19.

tABLE 19

Eksport tekstilnoї produktsії okremih kraїn, 1990-2001 (mln.,%)

(Warehouses for danimi International trade statistics, WTO) [9]

 

Krayina

Vartіst eksportu

Vіdsotok tekstilnoї produktsії in zagalnomu eksportі tovarіv

1990

1995

1999

2000

2001

1990

2001

Svіtovy

104330

151580

146230

154740

146980

3.1

2.5

Azіya

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pakistan

2663

4256

4258

4532

4525

47.4

49.0

Іndіya

2180

4358

5086

5899

...

12.1

13.9

IACS, China

136

169

228

272

278

8.0

12.1

Taiwan, China

6128

11882

10906

11896

9917

9.1

8.1

Bangladesh

343

432

413

...

...

20.5

7.6

Republic of Korea

6076

12313

11618

12710

10941

9.3

7.3

Hong Kong, China

8213

13815

12271

13442

12214

103.0

6.4

Іndonezіya

1241

2713

3019

3505

3202

4.8

5.7

Shrі Lanka

25

164

206

...

...

1.3

4.5

Taїland

928

1937

1818

1960

1888

4.0

2.9

Malayzіya

343

1129

1120

1270

1056

1.2

1.2

Fіlіppіni

132

280

262

297

255

1.6

0.8

Sіngapur

903

1496

853

907

731

1.7

0.6

Zahіdna Єvropa

ЄS

50795

62198

55365

52923

50542

3.4

2.2

Shіdna Єvropa

Chehіya

-

1323

1098

1218

1327

-

4.0

Slovenіya

-

322

286

286

365

-

3.9

Bolgarіya

...

173

120

121

137

...

2.7

Slovakіya

-

375

374

319

341

-

2.7

Polscha

284

512

727

769

796

2.0

2.2

Rumunіya

125

178

165

196

232

2.5

2.0

Ugorschina

249

286

366

371

408

2.5

1.3

Rosіyska Federatsіya

-

374

390

495

454

-

0.4

Kraina Baltії

Latvіya

-

119

107

105

118

-

5.9

Lithuania

-

163

221

212

208

-

4.5

Blizhnіy Skhid

Turtsіya

1440

2527

3478

3672

3907

11.1

12.5

Egypt

554

570

355

...

290

15.9

7.0

Pivdenna Africa

167

238

235

240

233

0.7

0.8

Pivdenna America

USA

5039

7372

9510

10961

10491

1.3

1.4

Mexico

713

1283

2303

2571

2091

1.8

1.3

Canada

687

1377

2032

2205

2163

0.5

0.8

 

Krayina

Vartіst іmportu

Vіdsotok tekstilnoї produktsії in zagalnomu іmportі tovarіv

1990

1995

1999

2000

2001

1990

2001

Svіtovy

104330

151580

146230

154740

146980

3.1

2.5

Azіya

IACS, China

619

698

803

902

841

40.2

35.2

Shrі Lanka

412

1144

1331

1483

1331

15.3

22.5

Mavrikіy

350

442

417

411

368

21.6

18.5

Bangladesh

452

1481

1342

1383

1531

12.5

18.2

Hong Kong, China

10182

16859

12562

13717

12177

12.0

6.0

China

5292

10914

11079

12832

12573

9.9

5.2

Fіlіppіni

910

1245

1238

1250

1153

7.0

3.7

Іndonezіya

785

1308

866

1251

1088

3.6

3.5

Taїland

898

1534

1345

1631

1535

2.7

2.5

Republic of Korea

1946

3959

3001

3359

3067

2.8

2.2

Malayzіya

951

1535

1015

1115

936

3.3

1.3

Sіngapur

1778

2109

1119

1275

1020

2.9

0.9

Zahіdna Єvropa

ЄS

50370

57227

51037

48706

45620

3.2

2.0

Shveytsarіya

1849

1884

1467

1354

1291

2.7

1.5

Shіdna Єvropa

Rumunіya

67

933

1599

1715

2013

0.9

12.9

Bolgarіya

...

299

417

505

...

...

7.8

Polscha

245

2165

2544

2478

2615

2.1

5.2

Slovakіya

-

214

513

536

643

-

4.4

Chehіya

-

928

1122

1198

1269

-

3.5

UKRAINE

-

...

342

462

...

-

3.3

Slovenіya

-

335

353

346

330

-

3.2

Ugorschina

270

888

1146

1078

1073

2.6

3.2

Rosіyska Federatsіya

-

691

985

1183

1256

-

2.3

Kraina Baltії

Lithuania

-

189

361

363

380

-

6.1

Latvіya

-

62

111

132

147

-

4.2

Blizhnіy Skhid

Tunіs

790

1289

1332

1207

1435

14.3

15.1

Sirіya

168

327

330

399

...

7.0

10.5

Yordanіya

107

128

113

172

304

4.1

6.3

Ob'єdnanі Arabskі Emіrati

1009

2023

1697

1811

...

9.0

4.7

Turtsіya

567

1811

1907

2124

1910

2.5

4.7

Saudіvska Aravіya

1312

1229

996

986

969

5.5

3.1

Kuwait

168

262

206

...

...

4.2

2.7

Egypt

211

280

334

...

198

1.7

1.6

Pіvnіchna Africa

Morocco

361

399

1400

1364

1455

5.2

13.3

Pivdenna America

Mexico

992

1768

4899

6219

6022

2.3

3.2

Canada

2325

3204

3996

4132

3811

2.0

1.7

USA

6730

10441

14305

16008

15429

1.3

1.3

Latinska America

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kolumbіya

75

383

413

558

553

1.3

4.3

Argentina

53

428

632

656

526

1.3

2.6

Peru

17

148

139

165

176

0.6

2.4

For ostannє desyatirіchchya svіtovy eksport produktsії tekstilnoї promislovostі zbіlshivsya by 40% in 2001 dosyag i p. obsyagu 147 billion. dolarіv, Hoca pіki in torgіvlі tsієyu produktsієyu sposterіgalisya in 1995 p. -.. 152 billion dollars, that in 2000 p. - 155 billion dollars.. However slіd zaznachiti, at scho digit zbіlshennі obsyagіv eksportu chastka tekstilnoї produktsії in svіtovomu eksportі tovarіv znizilis s 3.1% in 1990 to 2.5% rotsі in 2001 rotsі. According regіonah svitu Tsey pokaznik kolivaєtsya in the furrows of 0.8 - 4.3% eksportu that 1.4 - 5.7% іmportu (Table 3)

tABLE 21

Chastka tekstilnoї produktsії in eksportі tovarіv on regіonah svitu (2001 p.) [9]

Regіoni svitu

Eksport

Іmport

Svit in tsіlomu

2.5

2.5

Pіvnіchna America

1.3

1.4

Latinska America

1.2

3.3

Zahіdna Єvropa

2.3

2.1

Shіdna Єvropa / Kraina Baltії

1.8

4.3

Africa

1.0

5.7

Blizky Skhid

0.8

3.9

Azіya

4.3

3.2

Avstralіya, Yaponіya that Nova Zelandіya

1.4

1.6

So, Produkciya tekstilnoї promislovostі zaymaє naybіlshu pitomu breaking bar in strukturі commodity eksportu such regіonіv yak Azіya (4.3%), Zahіdna Єvropa (2.3%), Shіdna Єvropa that Kraina Baltії (zokrema Lithuania Latvіya i) - 1.8%. Prіoritetnimi tsі Flea Je in strukturі іmportu regіonіv the following: Africa - 5.7%, Shіdna Єvropa i Kraina Baltії - 4.3%, Blizky Skhid - 3.9% that Latinska America - 3.3%.

Yakscho Well rozglyadati regіonalnі structuring eksportu that іmportu tovarіv tekstilnoї promislovostі, over obsyagami eksportu yak, so i іmportu lіderami commodity market analysis Je Zahіdna Єvropa that Azіya (Figure 1).

Chastka regіonіv in svіtovіy torgіvlі produktsієyu tekstilnoї promislovostі in 2001 p.

Fig.1. Chastka regіonіv in svіtovіy torgіvlі produktsієyu tekstilnoї promislovostі in 2001 p. (%) [10]

Characteristically osoblivіstyu eksportu (a otzhe іmportu i) textile Yea those scho osnovnі regіoni-eksporteri Yea i basically regіonami-іmporterami, and on regіonalnih Rink realіzuєtsya Ponad 50% viroblenoї produktsії (Table 4).

 

Vartіst eksportu

Vіdsotok in svіtovomu eksportі / іmportі

Schorіchnі vіdsotkovі zmіni

 

2001

1980

1990

2001

1990-01

1999

2000

2001

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Eksporteri

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ЄS (15 kraїn)

50.54

49.4

48.7

34.4

0

-8

-4

-4

Nadlishkovy eksport

22,00

15.0

14.5

15.0

3

-6

1

1

China

16.83

4.6

6.9

11.4

8

2

24

4

Hong Kong, China

12.21

-

-

-

4

-6

10

-9

Natsіonalny eksport

1.05

1.7

2.1

0.7

-6

-12

-4

-eleven

Reeksport

11.16

-

-

-

6

-5

eleven

-9

Republic of Korea

10.94

4.0

5.8

7.4

5

3

9

-14

USA

10.49

6.8

4.8

7.1

7

3

15

-4

Yaponіya

6.19

9.3

5.6

4.2

0

eleven

6

-12

Іndіya

5.9

2.1

2.1

3.8

10

12

16

...

Pakistan

4.53

1.6

2.6

3.1

5

-1

6

0

Turtsіya

3.91

0.6

1.4

2.7

9

-2

6

6

Іndonezіya

3.20

0.1

1.2

2.2

9

28

16

-9

Canada

2.16

0.6

0.7

1.5

eleven

6

9

-2

Mexico

2.09

0.2

0.7

1.4

10

13

12

-9

Taїland

1.89

0.6

0.9

1.3

7

3

8

-4

Shveytsarіya

1.44

2.8

2.5

1.0

-5

-9

-7

-6

Vsogo

131.07

87.5

91.7

89.0

-

-

-

-

Іmporteri

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ЄS

45.62

46.5

46.7

29.2

-1

-9

-5

-6

Nadlishkovy іmport

17.08

14.0

13.2

10.9

2

-7

2

-2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

USA

15.43

4.5

6.2

9.9

8

6

12

-4

China

12.57

1.9

4.9

8.0

8

0

16

-2

Hong Kong, China

12.18

-

-

-

2

-7

9

-eleven

Spetsіalny іmport

1.01

3.7

3.8

0.6

12

-17

-4

-thirty

Mexico

6.02

0.2

0.9

3.9

18

43

...

-3

Yaponіya

4.75

2.9

3.8

3.0

1

4

9

-4

Canada

3.81

2.3

2.2

2.4

5

-1

3

-8

Republic of Korea

3.07

0.7

1.8

2.0

4

35

13

-9

Polscha

2.62

0.5

0.2

1.7

24

-7

-3

6

Rumunіya

2.01

...

0.1

1.3

36

9

7

17

Turtsіya

1.91

0.1

0.5

1.2

12

-18

eleven

-10

Ob'єdnanі Arabskі Emіrati

1.81

0.8

0.9

1.1

6

-14

7

...

Taїland

1.54

0.3

0.8

1.0

5

16

21

-6

Bangladesh

1.53

0.2

0.4

1.0

12

-12

3

-eleven

Morocco

1.46

0.2

0.3

0.9

14

-3

-3

7

vsogo

105.15

64.9

73.7

67.9

-

-

-

-

Chastka predmetіv odyagu that іnshih textile virobіv in svіtovy torgіvlі becoming danimi for 2001 p. 3.3% and vartіst eksportu Tsikh tovarіv - 195 mlrd.dol. Tsya chastka uniquely kolivaєtsya in furrows okremih regіonіv svitu. So, naybіlshoyu Je Won in eksportі Azії (5.2%), Africa (4.1%) is the Blizkogo Immediately (3.7%). In strukturі іmportu Promyslova tovarіv on regіonah svitu chastka predmetіv obsyagu that іnshih textile virobіv Je slit vischoyu: Africa - 8%, Shіdna Єvropa i Kraina Baltії - 5.8%, Blizky Skhid - 5.2% (Table 24).

tABLE 24

Chastka predmetіv odyagu that іnshih textile virobіv in zagalnomu obsyazі eksportu i іmportu Promyslova tovarіv on regіonah svitu in 2001 p. (%) [10]

Regіonu svitu

Eksport

Іmport

In svіtі in tsіlomu

3.3

3.3

Pіvnіchna America

1.7

1.8

Latinska America

1.9

4.3

Zahіdna Єvropa

2.8

2.7

Shіdna Єvropa / Kraina Baltії

3.3

5.8

Africa

4.1

8.0

Serednіy Skhid

3.7

5.2

Azіya

5.2

4.6

Avstralіya, Yaponіya that Nova Zelandіya

1.7

2.6

Danі about basic eksporterіv i іmporterіv predmetіv odyagu predstavlenі tablitsі 25 in that 26.

tABLE 25

Osnovnі eksporteri predmetіv odyagu 2001 (bln. USD.,%)

(warehouses for danimi International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [10]

Eksporteri

Vartіst eksportu

Vіdsotok in svіtovomu eksportі

Schorіchnі vіdsotkovі zmіni

2001

1980

1990

2001

1990-01

1999

2000

2001

ЄS

47.09

42.0

37.7

24.1

1

-5

-6

-1

China

36.65

4.0

8.9

18.8

13

0

20

2

Hong Kong, China

23.45

-

-

-

4

1

8

-3

Mexico

8.01

0.0

0.5

4.1

27

18

eleven

-7

USA

7.01

3.1

2.4

3.6

10

-6

4

-19

Turtsіya

6.63

0.3

3.1

3.4

6

-8

0

1

Іndіya

6.03

1.5

2.3

3.1

9

8

17

...

Bangladesh

5.11

0.0

0.6

2.6

21

-2

14

20

Іndonezіya

4.53

0.2

1.5

2.3

10

47

23

-4

Republic of Korea

4.31

7.3

7.3

2.2

-5

5

3

-14

Taїland

3.58

0.7

2.6

1.8

2

-2

9

-5

Rumunіya

2.77

...

0.3

1.4

20

3

14

19

Domіnіkanska Republic

2.71

0.0

0.7

1.4

12

9

eleven

-6

Tunіs

2.60

0.8

1.0

1.3

8

-4

-6

17

Taipei, Chinese

2.48

6.0

3.7

1.3

-4

-10

-

-18

Vsogo

148.77

77.4

81.4

76.3

-

-

-

-

tABLE 26

Osnovnі іmporteri predmetіv odyagu 2001 (bln. USD.,%)

(warehouses for danimi International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [10]

Eksporteri

Vartіst eksportu

Vіdsotok in svіtovomu eksportі

Schorіchnі vіdsotkovі zmіni

2001

1980

1990

2001

1990-01

1999

2000

2001

ЄS

79.26

54.3

50.6

38.7

3

-1

-3

-1

USA

66.39

16.4

24.0

32.4

9

6

14

-1

Yaponіya

19.15

3.6

7.8

9.3

7

eleven

20

-3

Hong Kong, China

16,10

-

-

-

8

3

8

1

Canada

3.92

1.7

2.1

1.9

5

0

12

6

Mexico

3.84

0.3

0.5

1.9

19

-2

...

-5

Shveytsarіya

3.23

3.4

3.1

1.6

-1

-3

-5

0

Rosіyska Federatsіya

2.67

-

-

1.3

-

-thirty

31

-9

Sіngapur

1.7

0.3

0.8

0.8

6

17

14

-10

Republic of Korea

1.63

0.0

0.1

0.8

24

51

71

25

Avstralіya

1.62

0.8

0.6

0.8

8

9

12

-13

Ob'єdnannі Arabskі Emіrati

1.38

0.6

0.5

0.7

10

5

14

China

1.27

0.1

0.0

03.6

35

3

8

7

Norvegіya

1.23

1.7

1.1

0.6

0

-3

-7

-4

Taipei, Chinese

0.93

0.0

0.3

0.5

eleven

-7

15

-6

Vsogo

190.13

84.2

92.3

92.7

-

-

-

-

So rank, Yakscho poєdnati produktsіyu tekstilnoї promislovostі is the subject of odyagu i INSHI tekstilnі virobi then їh Pete Wagga in svіtovomu eksportі bude stanoviti 5.8% (2.5% + 3.3%). A naybіlsh expired eksport Tsikh tovarіv Yea for Azії, Africa i Zahіdnoї Єvropi that Blizkogo Immediately, oskіlki Pete Wagga produktsії tekstilnoї promislovostі i odyagu becoming them vіdpovіdno - 9.5 5.1 i 5.1 is the 4.5% trademark strukturі eksportu. Tsі tovarnі groupies s point Zora іmportu naybіlsh vazhlivі for Africa (13.7% in strukturі іmportu tovarіv) Blizkogo Immediately - 9.1% that Shіdnoї Єvropi i kraїn Baltії (10.1%). Zrozumіlo scho gostrota problems eksportu i іmportu textile i odyagu kolivaєtsya on kraїnah in furrows regіonu but tsі danі pіdtverdzhuyut vazhlivіst virobnitstva textile tovarіv i odyagu for uspіshnogo rozvitku natsіonalnih ekonomіk vsіh regіonіv svitu.


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