Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

2.4.4. Ob'єkti іntelektualnoї vlasnostі i mіzhnarodnі standardized schodo nayavnostі, spherical dії that vikoristannya rights іntelektualnoї vlasnostі

Intelektualna vlasnіst Je vitvorom lyudskogo Rozum, produktsієyu іntelektualnoї pratsі. Intelektualna vlasnіst pіdrozdіlyaєtsya on Dvi categories:

Promyslova vlasnіst scho vklyuchaє vinahodi (patents), tovarnі signs promislovі zrazki i geografіchnі zaznachennya dzherela pohodzhennya;

avtorske right scho vklyuchaє lіteraturnі i hudozhnі create, takі yak Romani vіrshі i p'єsi, fіlmi, muzichnі create; Express Yourself Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo, takі yak malyunki, paintings, fotografії i Sculpture and takozh arhіtekturnі sporudzhennya, that sumіzhnі law scho vklyuchayut right artistіv-vikonavtsіv on їh vikonannya rights virobnikіv fonogram on їh recording i right organіzatsіy weight-medіa on radіo i televіzіynі prog .

In stattі TRІPS the I - Nature of the sphere dії zobov'yazan - zaznachaєtsya scho "for the sake of tsіley tsієї termіn" Intelektualna vlasnіst "OAO All oznachaє ob'єkti іntelektualnoї vlasnostі, SSMSC pіdpadayut pid dіyu rozdіlіv 1-7 Chastain II" [1, p. 338]. So rank, to ob'єktіv іntelektualnoї vlasnostі in Ugodі TRІPS nalezhat:

avtorske right i sumіzhnі law;

tovarnі signs;

geografіchnі values;

promislovі zrazki;

patents;

komponuvannya (topografії) іntegralnih mіkroskhem;

nerozgoloshuvana іnformatsіya.

Rozglyanemo standardized schodo nayavnostі, spherical dії that vikoristannya rights іntelektualnoї vlasnostі on zaznachenim ob'єktam.

2.4.4.1. Avtorske right is the right sumіzhnі

Torgovelnі aspects avtorskogo rights that sumіzhnih rights TRІPS regulyuє Rozdіl 1 Chastain II (Stattі 9-14). [1 s.340-342] Odrazu slіd zaznachiti scho TRІPS not daє viznachennya and ni avtorskogo law and ni sumіzhnih rights. Zagalnoviznano scho avtorske entitled Je Yurydychna termіnom scho poznachaє rights nadanі authors lіteraturnih i hudozhnіh tvorіv. Until the number of tvorіv, ohoplyuvanih avtorskim right nalezhat: Romani, sing, p'єsi, dovіdkovі Vidanov, newspapers i komp'yuternі warming up; bazi danih; fіlmi, muzichnі i horeografіchnі create; takі do the first Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo, yak paintings, malyunki, fotografії i Sculpture; Express Yourself arhіtekturi and takozh Sponsored painting geografіchnі Carty i kreslennya.

In Ugodі viznacheno scho Kraina MEMBER COT povinnі dotrimuvatisya Articles 1-21 Bernskoї konventsії (1971 p.) Is the Dodatka to neї stosovno vikonannya avtorskogo rights standards i sumіzhnih rights. Viklyuchno vazhlivim Yea i provisions of tsієї Stattі (statte 9 "Vіdnoshennya to Bernskoї konventsії), scho rights Zahist avtorskogo poshiryuєtsya on Vislova rather than іdeї, a procedure, dії abo yak matematichnі kontseptsії takі. [1, s.341]

Bezposerednіm author tvorіv scho ohoronyayutsya avtorskim right, and takozh їh spadkoєmtsyam nadayutsya viznachenі bazovі law. Je Pong vlasnikami viklyuchnogo rights vikoristannya creates abo on nadannya rights vikoristannya creates іnshim ladies on uzgodzhenih minds. Author creates dozvoliti abo Mauger zaboroniti:

Yogo vіdtvorennya in tіy abo іnshіy formі, napriklad in vidі drukarskogo Vidanov abo sound recordings;

Yogo privselyudno vikonannya, napriklad in teatralnіy p'єsі in muzichnomu tvorі; kіnofіlmі toscho;

Yogo records napriklad on CD, cassettes abo vіdeoplіvku;

Yogo vіdtvorennya zasobami weight-medіa - on radіo, kabelnіy MEREZHI abo through suputnikovy phone reception;

Yogo pereklad on INSHI MTIE abo adaptatsіyu, napriklad stvorennya kіnostsenarіyu motives for romance.

Bagato tvorіv Mistetstvo i Culture, scho ohoronyayutsya avtorskim right (napriklad, drukarskі Vidanov, recording, fіlmi) neobhіdno bring to masovogo spozhivacha, zokrema zasobami zv'yazku and for tsogo potrіbnі nemalі Costa. Tom authors for vіdpovіdnu vinagorodu prodayutsya, yak rule, the right to do the first svoї okremim personages abo kompanіyam scho toil truncated neobhіdne for zbutu i poshirennya hudozhnoї produktsії. Rozmіr takoї vinagorodi naychastіshe deposits od obsyagu factuality vikoristannya going on, and she vinagoroda in tsomu vipadku nazivaєtsya royaltі.

Termіn receptionists Tsikh Mainova rights of minds vіdpovіdnih dogovorіv VOІV, obmezheny termіnom 50 rokіv pіslya smertі author, ale natsіonalnimi zakonodavstvami shaping can Buti peredbachenі bіlsh trivalі termіni. Vstanovlenі in Taqiy sposіb termіni receptionists nadayut authors i їh spadkoєmtsyam mozhlivіst oderzhuvati ekonomіchnu Vigoda protyagom Rozumny perіodu hour. In the framework of the rights avtorskogo takozh peredbachena receptionists NKVD nemaynovih rights zokrema vimagati viznannya rights of authorship, and takozh not right dozvolyati Contributions from tvіr for Change, scho shaping can zavdati Skoda reputatsії author.

Author, abo Valadar avtorskogo rights tvіr Mauger zahischati svoї rights admіnіstrativnomu abo ship in order. So, right avtorskogo vlasnik Mauger domogtisya sudovoї zaboroni on pіratsku dіyalnіst i vimagati kompensatsії zbitku incurred in rezultatі vtrati materіalnoї Vigoda and takozh viznannya authorship.

For ostannі 50 rokіv in sferі sumіzhnih rights vіdbuvsya strіmky rozvitok. Sumіzhnі right sformuvalisya Navkolo tvorіv scho ohoronyayutsya avtorskim right i nadayut analogіchnu, ale naychastіshe bіlsh obmezhenu for obsyagom yak, so i for the following termіnom receptionists fіzichnim i Yurydychna personages:

vikonavtsyam (actors Muzikante i) to їh vikonannya;

virobnikam zvukozapisіv (napriklad on cartridges i CDs) on zdіysnenі recording them;

organіzatsіyam efіrnogo weight-medіa on їh radіo- i esta.

So, vikonavtsі povinnі mother right dozvolyati abo zaboronyati:

Entries vikonannya;

vіdtvorennya such records;

efіrne movlennya that direct publіchnu translyatsіyu vikonan їh has acted in direct efіrі for a wide zagalu. [1, s.342]

Virobniki fonogram povinnі mother right dozvolyati abo zaboronyati: vіdtvorennya svoїh fonogram (directly abo oposeredkovane) and takozh komertsіyny rental fonogram abo їh kopіy. [1, s.341]

Teleradіomovnі kompanії toil right zaboronyati abo dozvolyati "records that vіdtvorennya retranslyatsіyu through radіomovnі zasobi and takozh transmission televіzіynimi zasobami". [1, s.342]

Kraina MEMBER COT houses, scho lines Zahist rights that vikonavtsіv virobnikіv fonogram guilty dіyati "prinaymnі to zakіnchennya 50 rіchnogo perіodu, vіdlіk yakogo pochinaєtsya od roku kіntsya calendar Where Money Does Bulo zrobleno recording product abo Where Money Does tvіr Bulo vikonano". And for teleradіomovnih kompanіy lines Zahist trivaє "schonaymenshe 20 rokіv, pochinayuchi zakіnchennya calendar od roku, if the transfer has been viewed zroblena". [1, s.342]

Avtorske right i sumіzhnі right Je neobhіdnimi minds rozvitku tvorchostі, nadayuchi authors stimulus in formі Gromadska viznannya i spravedlivoї materіalnoї vinagorodi. System receptionists rights іntelektualnoї vlasnostі zabezpechuє authors garantіyu poshirennya їh tvorіv without riziku nesanktsіonovanogo vigotovlennya kopіy pіratstva abo scho in its Cherga, zabezpechuє bіlsh vіlny people's access to cultural kraїn svitu tsіnnostey, knowledge rozvag and takozh garantuє їm bіlsh temple yakіst ob'єktіv avtorskogo rights.

In ostannі desyatirіchchya mezhі zastosuvannya avtorskogo right suttєvo rozshirilisya scho Yea naslіdkom іnformatizatsії svіtovogo suspіlstva, scho, zokrema, obumovilo vprovadzhennya novih metodіv poshirennya rіznomanіtnih tvorіv for Relief zasobіv global zv'yazku such yak suputnikovy phone reception i CDs. And appeared mozhlivostі poshirennya tvorіv via the Internet target novі problems in sferі avtorskogo law.

On sogodnі Kraina MEMBER COT dіyshli Zgoda, scho komp'yuternі Warm up in vihіdnomu abo ob'єktivnomu kodі ohoronyayutsya podіbno to receptionists, yak nadaєtsya lіteraturnim going on within Bernskoї konventsії (1971 p.). Krіm of tse stosuєtsya i kompіlyatsії danih abo іnshoї Informácie out electronically chi іnshіy formі scho zavdyaki zdіysnenomu vіdboru abo vporyadkuvannyu її zmіstu Je result іntelektualnoї tvorchoї dіyalnostі. However, such is not receptionists poshiryuєtsya Vlasnyi on danі abo іnformatsіyu i do not stosuєtsya whether yakogo avtorskogo right, yak vzhe іsnuє on samі danі abo іnformatsіyu. [1, s.341]

For zabezpechennya gnuchkostі natsіonalnoї torgovelnoї polіtiki kraїnam dozvolyaєtsya zastosovuvati pevnі obmezhennya, vinyatki that zasterezhennya vіdnosno rights vikonavtsіv, virobnikіv fonogram that teleradіomovnih kompanіy from within Rimskoї konventsії. Obmezhennya i vinyatki mozhut zastosovuvatis takozh stosovno viklyuchnih rights schopravda Yakscho Tse bude not zavazhati normal vikoristannyu happening she did not prizvede to nadmіrnoї Skoda Laws іnteresam vlasnika rights. [TRІPS. s.341, 342]