home Economy books Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

3.1.2.5. Discuss it schodo minds start: dvostoronnі, discuss about access at the market poslug

Dvostoronnі, discuss about access at the market poslug pochinayutsya s of scho zatsіkavlenі The members of the COT podayut svoї vimogi and zayavnik gotuє svіy project rozkladu Act (grafіku zobov'yazan in sektorі poslug). Vihodyachi s tsogo project conductive dvostoronnі negotiations.

According zavershennі dvostoronnіh peregovorіv (This procedure priєdnannya in tsіlomu) grafіk spetsifіchnih zobov'yazan in sektorі poslug staє nevіd'єmnoyu Chastain about priєdnannya Protocol (Dodatok 7) that nevіd'єmnoyu Chastain Generalnoї lands s torgіvlі Hotel.

To dwellers uryadovtsі, pіdpriєmtsі INSHI zatsіkavlenі that individuals could viznachiti yakoyu mіroyu Krajina lіberalіzuvala whether yaky sector poslug requiring zvernutis to її grafіku. Format vsіh grafіkіv Je unіfіkovanimi schodo zagolovkіv that structure (Dodatok 13). Zobov'yazannya podіlyayutsya on Dvi Chastain: Persha mіstit "gorizontalnі" obmezhennya, SSMSC zastosovuyutsya to vsіh sektorіv poslug, SSMSC zaznachenі in rozkladі (napriklad, obmezhennya zemlі to purchase non-residents); other - mіstit zobov'yazannya in "spetsifіchnih sectors" SSMSC zastosovuyutsya to Pevnyi sector (obmezhennya on fate іnozemnogo kapіtalu, tobto komertsіynu prisutnіst іnozemnogo postachalnika poslug, napriklad in sektorі telekomunіkatsіy). For klasifіkatsієyu scho vikoristovuєtsya COT, vidіlyayut 12 zagalnih sektorіv (155 pіdsektorіv) Services: dіlovі; Hotel zv'yazku; Hotel in sferі budіvnitstva that іnzhenernі Hotel; distrib'yutorskі Hotel; Hotel in sferі osvіti; Hotel receptionists s navkolishnogo seredovischa; fіnansovі; s receptionists Health Protection; turistichnі; s organіzatsії vіdpochinku that sport; transportnі; INSHI.

To dwellers viznachiti rіven access to rinok in Pevnyi sektorі poslug whether yakoї Kraina, neobhіdno Know at rozkladі "gorizontalnі obmezhennya" so self yak i have obmezhennya "spetsifіchnih sectors." Yakscho pevnі sector vіdsutnі in grafіku then oznachaє Tse, scho not Got Krajina zobov'yazan schodo access to rinok in tsomu sektorі (Table 4).

tABLE 4

Format grafіku spetsifіchnih zobov'yazan in sektorі poslug [11, p.57]

Method postachannya:

1) Postachannya through the cordon 2) Spozhivannya behind a cordon 3) Komertsіyna prisutnіst 4) Prisutnіst fіzichnih osіb

Zobov'yazannya for skin okremogo mind poslug viznachenі zgіdno s chotirma rіznimi delivery methods Services:

transkordonna torgіvlya (transkordonna delivery), if s Hotel nadaєtsya teritorії odnієї Kraina on teritorіyu іnshoї (napriklad, konsultatsіynі Hotel, scho nadayutsya fax chi phone);

spozhivannya behind a cordon, if spozhivach for otrimannya Hotel zdіysnyuє podorozh to postachalnika Hotel in іnshu kraїnu (napriklad, tourism, Osvita that lіkuvannya behind a cordon);

komertsіyna prisutnіst - postachalnik through fіlіal, predstavnitstvo, dochіrnyu kompanіyu chi іnshu structure nadaє Hotel on teritorії іnshoї Kraina, de znahoditsya spozhivach (napriklad, Hotel in kraїnі fіlіalu іnozemnogo bank);

prisutnіst fіzichnih osіb, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut podorozh in kraїnu spozhivacha for nadannya Yomou poslug (napriklad, vіdryadzhennya konsultantіv, medikіv toscho) [3, c. 303-304].

Zobov'yazannya in grafіkah buvayut troh vidіv:

schodo access to rinok poslug;

schodo natsіonalnogo regime;

INSHI zobov'yazannya.

The column "Access rinok": Yakscho member bere on itself in zobov'yazannya sektorі chi pіdsektorі, vіn vkazati responsible for cutaneous delivery method for Ti obmezhennya, SSMSC іsnuyut schodo access to rinok (Yakscho stink h). Vsogo GATS іsnuє 6 kategorіy such obmezhen (Stattі XVI - Access rinok):

obmezhennya kіlkostі postachalnikіv poslug (napriklad, vstanovlennya rіchnoї quotas on stvorennya fіlіy іnozemnih bankіv);

obmezhennya sukupnoї vartostі operatsіy s Hotel abo sukupnih aktivіv, zadіyanih in operatsіyah s Hotel (napriklad, obmezhennya aktivіv fіlіy іnozemnih bankіv Pevnyi chastkoyu in zagalnonatsіonalnomu obsyazі aktivіv usіh bankіv);

obmezhennya sukupnoї kіlkostі operatsіy s Hotel abo sukupnogo obsyagu nadanih poslug (napriklad, vstanovlennya maksimalnoї trivalostі schotizhnevoї translyatsії іnozemnih televіzіynih fіlmіv);

obmezhennya zagalnoї kіlkostі fіzichnih osіb, SSMSC shaping can Buti zaynyatі in postachannі Hotel;

obmezhennya abo vimoga schodo specific type yuridichnoї individuals abo spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva through SSMSC mozhut nadavatisya Hotel;

obmezhennya on fate іnozemnogo kapіtalu [3, p.316].

Column "Natsіonalny mode": Krajina member, yak bazhaє pіdtrimuvati whether SSMSC obmezhennya in natsіonalnomu rezhimі - tobto whether SSMSC come in, SSMSC Je result Mensch spriyatlivogo regime for іnozemnih poslug chi postachalnikіv poslug - guilty vkazati tsі obmezhennya in tsіy kolontsі grafіku.

Column "Dodatkovі zobov'yazannya": recording in tsіy kolontsі Je neobov'yazkovimi, ale Mauger to take the Krajina itself dodatkovі zobov'yazannya in tsomu sektorі, SSMSC stosuyutsya zahodіv, scho not pіdpadayut pid "access rinok" chi "natsіonalny mode". These zobov'yazannyami, napriklad, shaping can Buti tehnіchnі standards vimogi to lіtsenzіy, INSHI natsіonalnі rules chi pevnі zasterezhennya.

Yakscho Kraina member bere zobov'yazannya in Pevnyi sektorі, Won guilty viznachiti OAO All obmezhennya scho іsnuyut in nomu. Yakscho not obmezhennya zaznachenі, real ale zastosovuyutsya, Krayina Mauger Buti zmushena skasuvati їh. Tobto on praktitsі Krajina member not Mauger vstanovlyuvati zhorstkіshі minds postachannya poslug, nіzh Ti, scho zaznachenі in її grafіku.

Yakscho have grafіku mіstitsya termіn "Absent" (None) schodo Pevnyi method of delivery, the tse oznachaє scho nіyakih obmezhen stosovno access to rinok Kraina for CIM method of delivery not іsnuє. Dosit often nіyakih obmezhen not іsnuє schodo transkordonnoї torgіvlі that spozhivannya behind a cordon.

Termіn "Not zv'yazanі" (Unbound) oznachaє scho tsomu method for postachannya spetsifіchnih sectors have not іsnuє zobov'yazan. Іnshimi words Krajina zalishaє yourselves right vіlno vstanoviti abo pіdtrimuvati come in, SSMSC Je nesumіsnimi s zobov'yazannyami schodo access to rinok abo natsіonalnogo regime for іnozemnih poslug chi kompanіy.

We have deyakih vipadkah grafіkah of order іz word "Absent" Mauger staviti poznachka "zіrochka". Oznachaє Tse, scho Tsei specific delivery sposіb not Mauger zastosovuvatis through tehnіchnі reason, tobto tse tehnіchno nemozhlivo in danomu sektorі poslug.

Bіlshіst rozkladіv not mіstyat obmezhen in gorizontalnіy chastinі grafіku stosovno sposobіv delivery that 1 2 (transkordonne postachannya that spozhivannya behind a cordon). However bіlshіst kraїn zastosovuyut obmezhennya schodo sposobіv supply 3 that 4 (komertsіyna prisutnіst that prisutnіst fіzichnih osіb). Such situatsіya bunt rank skladaєtsya for rakhunok of scho bіlshіst kraїn toil rіznomanіtnі obmezhennya schodo іnozemnih іnvestitsіy, Especially in polіtichno chutlivih Galuzo and takozh іmmіgratsіynі Zakoni obmezhennya Ruhu іnozemnoї robochoї Seeley.

In the same hour of the GATS (statte IІ.2) dozvolyaє zastosuvannya members zahodіv, SSMSC not uzgodzhuyutsya s regime naybіlshogo spriyannya, about yaky yshla mova ranіshe. Ale takі come in toil Buti vnesenі to Perelіku viluchen s regime naybіlshogo spriyannya [3, s.304].

In protsesі priєdnannya on stadії dvostoronnіh peregovorіv about access to rinok poslug that formuvannya grafіku spetsifіchnih zobov'yazan that perelіku viluchen s Demba, zayavnik guilty chіtko viznachiti to yakoї the Branch that Yakima rank Yomou neobhіdno zaluchiti іnvestitsії and SSMSC the Branch slіd nalezhnim rank zahistiti, nada perevagu vіtchiznyanim postachalnikam poslug.

3.1.2.6. Uzgodzhennya zvіtu Robochoї groupies that nabuttya membership

Result peregovorіv mіstyatsya in Protokolі about enter, yaky minds vіdobrazhaє priєdnannya (zobov'yazannya Kraina before COT members) through i posilannya in tekstі vklyuchaє:

spetsifіchnі paragraphs zobov'yazan torgіvlі s rules;

rozkladi trademark act;

grafіk spetsifіchnih zobov'yazan in sektorі poslug, in addition chislі perelіk viluchen s regime naybіlshogo spriyannya (RNS).

Koli minds priєdnannya uzgodzheno, zvіt Robochoї groupies, rіshennya project (Dodatok 6) is the protocol about introd (Dodatok 7) peredayutsya the General Radu abo on Konferentsіyu mіnіstrіv.

Pіslya of acceptance of the General zvіtu Radoyu chi Konferentsієyu mіnіstrіv i skhvalennya project rіshennya not Mensch nіzh EYAD tretinami chlenіv COT, Krajina guilty uhvaliti Protocol. After 30 dnіv pіslya of acceptance of the Protocol, virazhenogo pіdpisannyam abo, abo submission of documents about ratifіkatsіyu Protocol Yakscho this kind lands potrebuє skhvalennya Parliament zayavnika, Krayina staє povnopravnim member of SOT. Napriklad, rіshennya of acceptance about China that Kitayskogo Taipei to COT Bulo priynyato pid hour Doskoї Mіnіsterskoї konferentsії, yak took of 9 to 13 leaf fall in 2001 roku, and the stench became members povnopravnimi vіdpovіdno 11 2001 breast-rock that sіchnya 1 2002 roku. Kitaysky Parliament ratifіkuvav about protocol entered China on the following day pіslya procedure in Dosі.