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Management - Vikhanskiy OS

Brief conclusions

Man carries out certain actions in accordance with the pressure on him of the totality of internal and external forces in relation to him. The totality of these forces, called motivation, causes people in many ways not the same reaction. Therefore, it is impossible to unambiguously describe the process of motivation. At the same time, on the basis of empirical research, several concepts have been developed that describe factors that affect motivation and content of the process of motivation.

The so-called theory of the content of motivation focuses on how different groups of needs affect human behavior. Widely recognized concepts of this group are Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the theory of ERG Alderfer, the theory of the two factors of Herzberg and the theory of McClelland's acquired needs. Despite the fundamental differences between these concepts, they nevertheless have something in common at their core that will reflect a certain commonality in the person's motivation for action.

The process of motivation is revealed in theories trying to explain why people are ready to carry out certain actions, spending more or less effort. The expectation theory, the theory of goal setting, the theory of equality and the theory of participative management, explaining how people should be influenced to motivate them to work efficiently, give managers the key to building an effective system of motivating people.

Basic terms and concepts

Needs analysis

Valence

External motivation

Internal motivation

The perceived reward of others

Perceived individual reward

The perceived costs of others

The perceived costs of an individual

Group needs

Honesty

Hierarchy of needs

Execution

Motive

Motivational structure

Motivational process

Motivation

Motivation

Motivating factors

Set of needs

Activity focus

Perseverance

Unclear motives

Unmet need

Norm

Norm of the first type

Norm of the second type

Expectation

Participatory management

Motivation to action

Setting Goals

Needs

Security needs

Needs of recognition and self-affirmation

Needs of belonging and involvement

Growth Needs

Needs of self-expression

Communication needs

Needs of Existence

The need for power

The need to achieve

The need for complicity

Commitment to the goal

Acceptability of the goal

The process of frustration

Response to effects

Results of the second level

Results of the first level

Difficulty of purpose

Compare faces

Specificity of purpose

Exercise

Stimulus

Stimulation

Theories of the process of motivation

Theories of the content of motivation

The theory of two factors of Herzberg

Maslow's hierarchy of needs hierarchy

Theory of the ERG Alderfer

Theory of expectation

Theory of participatory control

The Theory of Setting Goals

The theory of McClelland's acquired needs

The theory of equality

Satisfaction of needs

Effort and actions

Eliminating the need

Health Factors

Physiological needs

Bibliography

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4. Herzberg F., Maunsner B., Snyderman B. The motivation to work. NY: Wiley, 1959.

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