Examination of goods - Коломієць Т.М.

Pozdіl 2. The role and function of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the form of the international trade

Key words: the Chamber of Commerce, obovv'yakove that goodwill membership, the Chamber of Commerce of Brussels, the Union of the Hymns Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Association of European Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry .

2.1. The special functions of trade and promises of the chambers of the Holy See

Trade-promyslovі palati існують in usіх розвинених країнах. Same ponimaetta "chamber of commerce" viniklo na Zahodi (frantsii) in the XVI stoliti and bouleau pozhyazane iz zagorzhennyam nekomertsitsnyh ob'ednan, zborіv predstavniknikov dіlovogo svіtu i metoi rozrobki єdinikh rule v torgvlі ta vibrobnitvі.

Legislative laws for the development of the economy of the economy, the identity of the functions of the warden, and vice versa, and vice versa. Being representatives of the groups of companies in the economic sector, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry represents such an economy in its own way in the world. In the course of the Pole, the principle of meeting the chambers of the Galusean Asociaciia pidpriemstv, is closed by the stake of its sector of activity.

Trades (or trade and promyslovi) chambers tisno spivprotsyuyut z authorities vladi v galuzi formovaniya ekonomichnoy polity and social partnership. Beruchi is active in the process of adopting the law of the ínish rіshen, stenching with the right to legislate lawsuits, directing drafts of law to oneself, taking the fate of the robot, the parliament, and that yogic comission. It is necessary to regulate the situation with the authorities in the regions, regions, towns, and take the fate of the privatization of energy resources. With the stink of stink, it's not the polnichnikh entertainments of some kind of parties, but zagalnye interests of the common estate, that are the principle of meaning for the stability of the economic structure of the government structures.

The legal basis of the law is that the function of the trading chambers is special, the law of the territory, and in some places the statute of the chamber.

The special laws of the active territories (Austria, Italy, Nimeccini, France) can be established, the order of the order of the chambers of commerce, the legal basis, the basic direction of the sphere of disposition, the order of management, the structure of the vikonavchih agencies, the relations with the sovereign institutions.

So trades and chambers often call self-procuring structures, in some cases, their problems with the law themselves are unreliable for the sake of the power. Unfamiliar to those, the nature of economical problems often vidnosit їх to the sphere of the sovereign regulyuvannya, the power svydomo deliguє їh rozglyad before vidannya chambers of commerce, nadylayuchi ії відповідними повноваженнями. Thus, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine has the right to abide by the law of its own functioning on the basis of a more economical development, but at the time of meeting the interests of the state. Power zhalishee for themselves the right to see the diyalnistyu chambers. Napriklad, in Nimecchini Ministry of Economics can vyutchatisya diyalnist trade and promyslovoe chambers of the people in quiet vipadkah, if the chamber pripuskayut zarashennya chinnogo legislations. With the statute of the land chambers, it is worthy of the elements of the law of law.

At kraineh, de not існує спеціальной законодавства about the chamber, їх organizізація та діяльність здійснюється на основі загального цивільного законодавства. Thus, in the UK trading chambers order of association, federation promislovtsiv stvoyayutsya yak kompannії z obmenoju vidpovidalnistyu pіd the guarantee of members. At the practical level, it means that the chambers of the chambers are responsible for the bracing of the interlaced dowry. Specific positions, yakі vіdіznyayut ward in the commercial fіrmi, fіksyutsya in the statute, beside that number and principle of non-stubbornness, the order of formulating the membership basis, the principle of management. Навіть у випадку ліквідації палати частина її активів, що are huddled with a signboard to seal the borghovi zobov'azan, not rozpodіlyaєt'sya mіzh її members, and transferred to the other analogues orgіzatіyam.

Існує two підходи prior to the form of the membership basis of the commercial chambers :

  1. Obovjazykov membership for viznacheniyah spetsialnim law of participants shvodarskoi dіyalnosti;
  2. Good membership.

The criterion for the nature of membership is to finish off the moment with a waggon, which is practically practiced on all sides of the trading chamber.

Obovyazykov membership of the trade chambers is installed in such territories, such as Nimecchina, Austria, France, Luxembourg, Niederlandi, Spain, Italy and other countries. Won mozhe vstanovlyuvalysya power of the tilka on pidstavi law.

Positive to such a principle є te, scho up to the sphere of the board's membership are included all sectors without a sector of economy (promissiveness, trade, banks, insurance, transport, etc.). So, the chamber is represented by all the countries of the world. Tse prizvodit before, doc dumki that proposoziі trade chambers majut importantly znachennya, oskilki virazhayut zbalansovani, zhengozhenі іnteresi usіh sector of economics. In addition, obovjazykov membership is guaranteed tisny contacts in poysyakdenniy roboti s usim pidpriemstvami regen.

The independence of the chambers of commerce is confined to the law. In this way, you will not be financed in the same way by the financial self-determination in the form of your own budget, but by the freedom of priinyatya rishen at the zagolnie parties without securing you in any way.

Control of the state of the power zazvichai zdіysnyuyutsya mіnistystvom ekonomiki abo promislovostі і stosuєtsya, yak rule, rozslіduvan skarga on the dyalnіst of the chambers of commerce (napriklad, stasovno vidmovi palati viditi sertifikat pokhozhennya vikostnost vyborіv viborіv k kherivnykh organatyv palata), and takozh correctnostrjatnya buduta ta realnosti vitrat. At the same time, the slid sign, the chamber of the Uchimu Vipadku, is part of the sovereign state of the nation and the order of the people, it is ordinarily done to the bodies, although they are deprived of such a status in the so-called "pre-ordained spheres of diyalnost."

Palati with a good membership of the UK, Canada, Sweden, Belgium, Norway and Switzerland, as a rule, on the basis of civil law and the re-development of the re-registers, lists of activities. Sochi Palati, pragnuchi to zbilshennya the number of its members, vimusheni postyno dovoditi its neobhіdnіst dilovim kolam regeonu, kraїni. At the end of the vipadok, it is not possible to force the payment of the plenipotentiary membership fee.

This rank, trade and promyslovy chambers rozvinuti kraine і інструментом ринкової економіки.

The chambers of the chambers are able to tell the wide range of functions, which are most important in the main duma: firstly, by the character of membership in the chamber (in obovozyazkove), in a different way, in the trade chambers of the economy, in whatever way it functions (central to the local ). Yak applied a very high degree of functionality of the two European trade chambers with a kind and obovyazkovim membership.

The Chamber of Commerce of Brussels, which is a member of the goodwill, is to put the main method of its own diyalnosti - that of economical development, that is the social welfare at its own regency, and itself:

  1. Spriyane strenennu professiynih chambers, in the course of this section, asotsotyaciy;
  2. Organizovuet vіddіlennya dopomogi svoym members beside rozgortannі їх діяльності та для полгшення розвитку торгових відносин як у Белгії, так і за кордоном;
  3. Забезпечучу постійну підготовку, соціальне зростання та удосконалення кадрів shayom оргаізації колоквіумів, конгресів, семінарів, лекцій;
  4. Готує інформацію з feed of trade and economic issues in the European Regions (legislative acts, statistic data, economical issues, taxonomic regimes and promises);
  5. Sorte sertifikati pro pokhozhennia kartіiv;
  6. Rozponsuju інформацію, directly chi is osozredekovano povyazanu z tsіlyami organіzatsії shayku drupkuvannya ta publikaciі doslіdzhenі і perіодичних або неperіодичних видань;
  7. Advise on the supply of labor legislation and social zahistu;
  8. Homegrown usismosmozmiimi legitimate detainees priinyattya zahodiv, scho vidpovidayut iinteresam, yakі vona poseit, obіdomlyayuchi for neobhіdnostі vladu, ta vіdstoyuyuchi before them look that побажання відповідних профійнихних палат, секцій та асоціацій.
  9. Naybilsh jaskravim butt of the ward with obovyazkovikim membership - the Union of trade and promiscia of the chambers of the FITT), a kind of zagalnimi for chambers by the directives of dyalostі zdіysnyuє soі specifіchnі functions:
  10. Take part in roboti weather-friendly bodies in the course of the competition in competitive tourism;
  11. It is necessary to assist the reestradial court of its regency in the event of a suspended trading re-stree. Do your own witch, reestraсіні суди збов'яні інформувати палати про всі реєстрації;
  12. Conduct expert examination of trading zvichaiv (after the court has filed a room zobov'yana viznachiti, chi існує in її district (okruzі) of that chіnshy trade hаzchay);
  13. Здійснює нагляд за діяльністю бірж, стренрення яких имеє держажного дозволу.
  14. Видє дозвіл на заняття підприємництвом;
  15. To conduct a visit to the student of the profession, in the pioneer spheres of knowledge of the professorial dіalnostі.
  16. Yak predstavniki Інтересів економіки itsїї districtsів take the fate of the rozbrotsі planіv розвитку відповідних районів (области);

8) take the fate of the formally directed economy.

Slid zazchachiti, sho yakschoo for trading chambers z obovvjazkovimm membership of the function of representation of interests of the parties, and the way of acquaintance with the development of the call of commerce is established by law, then the chambers with the good membership can vikonuvati tі functіії лише тією мірою, якою вони здатні, враховуючи розмір узської bases, And so much as the power is allowed by virtue of the real authority of the ward at the estate.

Butt moge buti US Chamber of Commerce, yaka є naibilshuyu Dobrovilnoyu asotsiatsiiєyu dіlovi kіl tsієї країни. Up to the warehouse there are more than 200 yew. Member of the households of the economy and of the economy, and that of the collective members - 2.8 tis. Trade chambers of the state that is larger and smaller. Інших підприємницьки асоціацій. Z reasons for its zagalnotsatsionalnogo nature of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, okrim a set of internal vnutrishnoeekonomichnyh functions, it should be vikonuyutsya, zarychstvuyut znachnim vplyvom svervnyh structures, and takozh vidіgraet active role in zovnishnyeeconomichnyi region.

Kolo zavdan that function of the central trade chambers is significantly shirse, nizh local. So, napriklad, in Nimecchin lands of trade and industry chambers vplyivat on ekonomichnu polity of the federal union through its head organizatsiyu OSHT. Positsії chambers vrahovuyutsya at pіdgotovі be-яких, по'яязаних з економікою проеків законів або order, yak federal ministries, and comissions of the Bundestag.

БИНТ coordinate the robot of the land trade-promyslovyh chambers with the hat of information security in order of law and economics at the edge of the cordon. Він оргаізовує that to hold the means of the chambers of the Seminari about obmіn досвідом robots, conferenceі kerіvnogo storona, rozponsujuє typesі documentі ta formulyary, yakі раціоналізують поточну robot chambers.

In galuzi mizhnarodnoi diyalnost functions of chambers realizuyutsya, as a rule, through its central organization, chi in koordinatsii them.

So, for example, the US Chamber of Commerce is vikorostvuyu in the interests of the chambers of the states, the capital is more than 60 members in the lower regions of the Ukraine, and the low European trade chambers are obovyazkivim membership diyut z positsіy diplomatic representatives predstavnitstv svoyeї krayni z cordonom.

Pivnichniy Koreja for the participants of the meeting is grounded for committees of the dvuhstoronogo trade-economical співробітництва з більш ніж 30 країнами. Комітети проводять щорічні зустрічі з питань торгівлі, інвестицій та технологій. Palatoy takozh pidpisani logs about spivpracyu in 65 kraїnami.

Torgovo-promislovi palati rozroblyayut takozh mіzhdoronnі trade-polіtichnі pіtnіnya, pravovі normі міжнародної торгівлі, виставочної діяльності тощо.

The principles of managing the organizational structure of the chambers of commerce, lying down in the wings of susinstvo, facing, in one side, democratic ambushes, allow access to members of the chambers and vice versa in managing wards in the wards for members with obovyazkivim membership. On the other side, as a rule, it is characterized by the presence of the situation in the rozgaluzheno vikonavochoi structure, which is recognized for the service of the members of the realizing visceral functions.

The vis-à-vis governing body is practical in the trade chambers with goodwill membership œ zagalny zbori member of delegates. Prior to the visceral competences of zagalnie zbornіv vidnositsya priinyattya statutory, the order of getting to the office of the management of the chamber, the deconstruction of the basic strains of disagreements, the identification of the rozmіrіv of the members of the provincial vneskiv and the tariffs for the services, the solidification of the koshtori vitrat. Загальні збори offend the president, rule, presidency, and functions of some statutes. At period mizh zagalnimi zborami palati її діяльністю керує правління.

The structure of the management of trade chambers is obovyazykovym membership of the analogue, the prototype of the active kraїnakh law vstavlyuet osoblivi rights of the power in the governing chambers.

Torgovi palati pіdtrimuyut tісні зв'язки з пресою, радіо та телебаченням. Metoyu such kontaktіv Je nadannya Informácie, oznayomlennya gromadskostі and takozh clarification quietly problems s yakimi їm brought stikatisya.