Basics of polіtologії - Bregeda AY

4. Polіtichnі partії that suspіlno-polіtichnі ob'єdnannya in Ukraїnі

Rozvitok polіtichnih protsesіv in Ukraїnі nemozhlivy without dalshoї demokratizatsії suspіlstva, vazhlivim Elements yakoї Je viniknennya that funktsіonuvannya in konstitutsіynih within polіtichnih partіy that ruhіv. Stvorennya polіtichnih partіy in Ukraїnі Pocha on mezhі 90 rokіv. Spochatku through gromadskі Ruhi and potіm i polіtichnі partії to aktivnoї derzhavotvorchoї dіyalnostі entice znachnі prosharki population dіyalnіst yakih small Nadzvychaina sytuatsia great significance for formuvannya ambushes ukraїnskoї demokratії.

Ekonomіchnim the foundation of formation novoї polіtichnoї system in Nashomu suspіlstvі Je processes stvorennya bagatoukladnoї Economy, pov'yazany іz rozderzhavlennyam vlasnostі, stvorennyam spіlnih i Vlasnyi of companies, іndivіdualno-trudovoї dіyalnostі, a broad cooperative Ruhu, farming t i. E. Tsі novі FORMS vlasnostі th gospodarskoї dіyalnostі digit mіroyu spriyayut poyavі novih sotsіalnih structures suspіlstva, SSMSC viyavlyayut svoї konkretnі Interests in polіtitsі [24].

Becoming polіtichnih partіy i Gromadska ruhіv in Ukraїnі vіdbuvaєtsya for Nadzvychaina sytuatsia folding minds. Sider Ekonomichna crisis, the collapse of poperednіh suspіlnih іdealіv, SSMSC podіlyala-valued Chastina population nashoї powers, prizvodyat to strіmkogo zrostannya sotsіalnoї napruzhenostі in suspіlstvі, diskredituyut in the sight of the category pevnoї gromadyan demokratichnі tsіnnostі. Yak svіdchat provedenі rіznimi sotsіologіchnimi services doslіdzhennya suspіlnoї pillows, bіlshіst population Je bayduzhoyu to polіtiki i polіtikіv. Ninі in Ukraїnі sklalasya dosit situatsіya paradoxical, if tіlki zareєstrovanih polіtichnih partіy nalіchuєtsya vzhe Ponad 100 ale zhodna s Got them dostatnogo vplivu in zagalnoderzhavnomu masshtabі. Quantity digit zareєstrovanih mіnіsterstvom yustitsії polіtichnih partіy Pokey scho did not mіtsnimi organіzatsіyami, SSMSC b spromoglisya virazhati th zahischati Interests rіznih verstv population. Tsі partії slit zdatnі not lead him masi, zdobuti sotsіalnu steel base that spraviti pomіtny vpliv on suspіlstvo.

One s tsogo reasons - have a negative image of partіy masovіy svіdomostі. Yak svіdchat sotsіologіchnі doslіdzhennya, 63% opitanih uvazhayut scho polіtichnі partії in Ukraїnі Je nasampered ob'єdnannyami people SSMSC pragnut Vladi. Bezumovno, prihіd to Vladi Laws Shlyakhov Je metoyu whether yakoї polіtichnoї partії. Trivozhit Ale those scho 34% opitanih uvazhayut partії organіzatsіyami, far od real people problems i tіlki 17% - such scho yogo obstoyuyut Interests; 20% navіt ubachayut in partіyah organіzatsії scho vikonuyut will mafії, i tіlki 17% - organіzatsії, dіyalnіst yakih spriyaє rozvitku demokratії i polіtichnoї stabіlnostі in Ukraїnі; 11% upevnenі scho dіyalnіst partіy destabіlіzuє encampment in derzhavі [24].

Ninі in polіtichnomu zhittі Ukraine umovno mozhna vidіliti p'yat bunt napryamkіv diferentsіatsії dіyalnostі polіtichnih ob'єdnan, vihodyachi s їh representations to: 1) іdeї derzhavnoї Nezalezhnosti; 2) іstorichnogo perіodu perebuvannya Ukraine in skladі Russie that CPCP; 3) samoї ninіshnoї Russie is the SND; 4) form of sovereign arrange, organіzatsії Vladi i polіtichnogo regime; 5) tsіley, forms i metodіv Venue of rinkovih reforms. Klasifіkuyuchi such rank suchasnі polіtichnі partії Ukraine can nazvati Vier osnovnі napryamki: natsіonal radical, natsіonal-democratic, lіberalno-tsentristsky that sotsіal-komunіstichny.

Harakterizuyuchi programnі nastanovi that practicality polіtiku natsіonal-radikalіv that natsіonal-demokratіv requiring nagolositi scho bunt spryamuvannyam їhnoї dіyalnostі Je іdeya Rozbudova nezalezhnoї ukraїnskoї powers all i, scho s CIM pov'yazane. Yak svіdchit navіt slim dosvіd praktichnoї polіtichnoї dіyalnostі Tsikh partіy, Same stink derzhavotvorchіy іdeї skhilnі pіdporyadkovuvati INSHI spherical suspіlnogo Zhittya (ekonomіchnі, sotsіalnі, duhovnі, moralnі toscho). A vіdokremiti natsіonal radikalіv-od-natsіonal tsentristіv possible for methods yakimi stink koristuyutsya in svoїy dіyalnostі.

So, to natsіonal-radikalіv nalezhat Vseukraїnske polіtichne ob'єdnannya "Reigning samostіynіst Ukraine" (DSU), the Congress of Ukrainian natsіonalіstіv (KUN) Ukraїnska conservative respublіkanska i NATIONAL conservative partії (i UKRP EECP), Organіzatsіya of Ukrainian natsіonalіstіv in Ukraїnі (OUNU) Ukraїnska NATIONAL asambleya (UNA), People's Self Ukraїnska (UNSO) t i. e. for Tsikh partіy i ruhіv domіnuyuchoyu Je іdeologіya іntegralnogo natsіonalіzmu for yakoї harakternі kraynі viyavi "etnіchnogo patrіotizmu". Headache for natsіonal-radikalіv Je Rozbudova nezalezhnoї ukraїnskoї powers. Derzhavotvorchіy іdeї stink pіdporyadkovuyut usyu his dіyalnіst and methodical dosyagnennya tsієї methylene vibirayutsya, zvichayno, nayradikalnіshі [25].

Yak i in іnshih polіtichnih napryamkah have natsіonal-radical Yea i partії polіtichnі organіzatsії, nalashtovanі bіlsh pomіrkovano. These can obviously be nazvati DSU, company profile of Ukrainian natsіonalіstіv in Ukraїnі, Ukraїnsku natsіonalnu partіyu conservative, conservative Ukraїnsku respublіkansku partіyu. Tsі polіtichnі Sealy vistupayut for stvorennya that Rozbudova on etnіchnih of Ukrainian lands silnoї nezalezhnoї unіtarnoї s powers Gromadyanska suspіlstvom that rozvinutoyu bagatopartіynіstyu de Helsinki Human rights garantuvalisya b power. Pong prihilniki rozvinutih rinkovih vіdnosin, holding polіtiki mіnіmumu oderzhavlennya minutes maximum for justice privatizatsії Homepage minds (descho Mensch aktivnіst viyavlyayut takі ob'єdnannya, yak DSU that OUN in Ukraїnі).

Slіd zaznachiti scho aktivіzatsіya Right Forces tіlki not characteristic for Ukraine. Tse zagalna tendentsіya. That Yakscho in Єvropі ultrapravі propaguyut іdeї "Zahist" od pereselentsіv Zi immediately that pіvdnya have Russie - іdeї revanchism i vіdnovlennya staroї іmperії, the far-right Ukraїnі metoyu bagatoh Je pobudova novoї slov'yanskoї іmperії on kshtalt Kiїvskoї Rusі s center at Kiєvі.

Before natsіonal-demokratіv mozhna vіdnesti People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh), Ukraїnsku respublіkansku partіyu (URP), the Democratic partіyu Ukraine (DPU), Ukraїnsku Selyanske democratically partіyu (USDP), Hristiyansko-partіyu more democratic Ukraine (HDPU) polіtichne ob'єdnannya "Congress natsіonalno democratically-forces "(KNDS), popularly Rukh of Ukraine (VNRU). Before Tsikh same partіy in naybіlsh printsipovih power truncated chastіshe priєdnuyutsya Partіya democratic Renaissance of Ukraine (PDVU) i Sotsіal partіya-democratic Ukraine (SDPU). Іstorichno ob'єdnannya polіtichnih forces natsіonal-tsentristskogo spryamuvannya vіdbulosya s utvorennyam People's Rukh of Ukraine (1989 Veresen rock). Before progoloshennya viborіv Nezalezhnosti is the President of Ukraine

(1 breast 1991 roku) block dіyav in sistemі Ruhu, ob'єdnuyuchis on ґruntі Borotba for natsіonalnu, democratic state. Pіslya Peremohy on Vibor Kravchuk i neobhіdnostі viznachennya strategії derzhavotvorennya in perіod Formation Ukraїnskoї powers viniklo two napryamki: natsіonalno-derzhavnitsky, Cauterets orієntuvavsya on pіdtrimku President yak novoї guarantor powers (Dempo, URP), that natsіonal-democratic, tsentristsky scho zadeklaruvav status opozitsії (Ruch).

Ruh uvazhaє scho sotsіalnoyu bazoyu polіtichnoї stabіlnostі that ekonomіchnih reforms Ukraїnі Got to become widely serednіy class vlasnikіv i sіm'ya. Main prіoritetom ekonomіchnoї reform Got Why pіdvischennya DOBROBUT people that nadannya sotsіalnih garantіy usіm gromadyanam Ukraine. A zasobami for zdіysnennya Tsikh zahodіv toil Buti lіberalіzatsіya tsіn, zaprovadzhennya konkurentsії that demonopolіzatsіya. Carrying out reforms zemelnoї Got vіdbuvatisya privatizatsіyu zemlі through that lane on osnovі payuvannya. Potrіbno stvoriti rinok zemlі, yaky zabezpechit її vіlny sales. Sotsіalnoyu bazoyu Ruhu Je Ti gromadyani Ukraine, scho podіlyayut іdeї natsіonalnogo Renaissance i Rozbudova demokratichnoї nezalezhnoї Ukraine [26].

Before partіy lіberalno-tsentristskogo polіtichnogo spryamuvannya nalezhat Lіberalna partіya Ukraine (LPU), People's democratic partіya (NDP), Partіya pratsі Ukraine (LPU) Ukraїnska partіya solіdarnostі i sotsіalnoї spravedlivostі (UPSSS), agricultural partіya Ukraine (APU) that іn.

Naybіlsh vplivovoyu polіtichnoyu partієyu tsogo block Je People's democratic partіya Ukraine (NDP). Partіya in svoїh software nastanovah progoloshuє rozvitok sotsіalno orієntovanoї Economy rinkovogo type scho zabezpechuє stіykі Tempi zrostannya that ekonomіchnu rіvnovagu. NDP pіdtrimuє OAO All FORMS that Vidi pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі, vistupaє for active cpriyannya powers vіlnomu rozvitku virobnichogo, banking, torgovelnogo i poserednitskogo bіznesu, usunennya admіnіstrativnogo dictates of great-power bureaucratic structures for Private vlasnіst on the ground, rozvitok fermerskih Gospodarstwa for derzhavnoї pіdtrimki, nadannya perevagi іnozemnim іnvestitsіyam before іmportom tovarіv. Zavdannya Country: zabezpechennya vіlnogo rozvitku market analysis, zaohochennya konkurentsії, zapobіgannya monopolіzmu, structural perebudova national Gospodarstwa. NDP napolyagaє on strukturnіy perebudovі national Gospodarstwa s metoyu zbіlshennya chastki Galuzo of companies that, for scho pratsyuyut potreb Helsinki Human; privatizatsії derzhavnoї vlasnostі a scale neobhіdnih for rozvitku konkurentsії; peredachі zasobіv virobnitstva Square vlasnikam; stvorennya mehanіzmu sotsіalnoї orієntatsії Economy, if zrostannya virobnitstva tovarіv national spozhivannya stimulyuvalosya b zrostannyam pributkіv usіh verstv population [27].

Before polіtichnih partіy sotsіal-komunіstichnogo spryamuvannya nalezhat Komunіstichna partіya Ukraine (KPU), Sotsіalіstichna partіya of Ukraine (SPU), Selyanske partіya Ukraine (SelPU), Progressive sotsіalіstichna partіya Ukraine (Progressive Socialist Party).

Naybіlsh vazhlivoyu partієyu lіvogo spectrum Je Komunіstichna partіya Ukraine. Partіya zbiraєtsya zoserediti svoї zusillya on vivedennі Kraina s glibokoї crisis, protidії kapіtalіstichnіy restavratsії on zberezhennі Radyanskoї Vladi. Vodnochase CPU pіdtrimuє rіvnopravny rozvitok rіznih forms vlasnostі scho viklyuchayut ekspluatatsіyu chuzhoї pratsі, s odnochasnim zabezpechennyam suspіlnoї vlasnostі on zasobi virobnitstva, vistupaє for zberezhennya zemlі, її Nadr, lіsіv, water yak spіlnogo Nagybanya vsogo people. CPU viznaє neobhіdnim pripinennya "obvalnoї" privatizatsії; vіdnovlennya torn down, yak uvazhayut komunіsti, s polіtichnih mіrkuvan gospodarskih, Naukova, cultural zv'yazkіv s Rosієyu іnshimi that powers the DNS; usebіchne stimulyuvannya іntegratsіynih protsesіv; zdіysnennya complex zahodіv for zapobіgannya Masov bezrobіttyu [28].

Analіz project provisions partіy, organіzatsіy i ruhіv svіdchit scho bіlshіst іz they toil not slit seryoznoї kontseptsії, spryamovanoї on stabіlіzatsіyu suspіlstva, vihіd yogo s crises, Not Saying vzhe about the prospects for the high road prosuvannya Progreso. Deklaratsії one - tse perelіk Abstract zagalnolyudskih tsіnnostey, іnshih - antikomunіstichnі manіfesti, tretіh - repetition orthodox marksistsko-lenіnskih іdey, agіtatsіya for Povernennya to zastіynih chasіv, fourth - ekstremіstskі, natsіonalіstichnі that shovіnіstichnі zakliki. Such rozbіzhnіst polіtichnih poglyadіv not Mauger not hvilyuvati, Especially for brain pogliblennya Creasy access in all areas suspіlstva.

Saying, about chinniki konsolіdatsії suspіlstva, SSMSC shaping can Buti pokladenі based dіyalnostі Gromadska-polіtichnih organіzatsіy, slіd nazvati nasampered zagalnoderzhavny rinok. Taqiy rinok not tіlki mozhlivy, ale ob'єktivno neobhіdny, more poodintsі regіoni Ukraine i navіt kolishnі respublіki CPCP viyti s Creasy nespromozhnі: Absent in them for tsogo materіalnih, fіnansovih i lyudskih resursіv.

However, it requires pogoditisya s Dumka bagatoh scientists, kotrі hoch i vvazhayut rinok іntegruyuchim chinnikom, yaky so chi іnakshe Je regulovanim, kontrolovanim i kerovanim powers (sama Taqiy rinok funktsіonuє in rozvinutih kapіtalіstichnih kraїnah), Ale vpevnenі scho yogo treba vvoditi postupovo, s dozrіvannyam іnfrastrukturi , gotovnostі people i kolektivіv vstupati in rinkovі vіdnosini without "shokovoї terapії".

Tom polіtichnim partіyam i Gromadska organіzatsіyam slіd rozglyadati rinok not samotsіl yak and yak zasіb rehabilitation Economy th suspіlno-polіtichnogo Zhittya Ukraine, and in kіntsevomu pіdsumku - yak zasіb for zadovolennya іnteresіv i zapitіv people zabezpechennya zrostannya virobnitstva, pіdvischennya rіvnya Zhittya.

Otzhe, vihіd Ukraine s Creasy bagato in chomu deposits i od of yak polіtichnі partії, gromadskі organіzatsії that Ruhi zmozhut konsolіduvati suspіlstvo.

Porіvnyannya program i platforms daє pіdstavu visnovuvati scho bagato svіtoglyadnih pozitsіy Gromadska-polіtichnih ruhіv nіkoli not zblizyatsya i zavzhdi іsnuvatimut reason for іdeynogo supernitstva from countless Cola problems. However іdeї Gromadyanska world that is non-violent, pobudova pravovoї nezalezhnoї powers, zabezpechennya Helsinki Human Rights, Zahist navkolishnogo seredovischa, INSHI demokratichnі tsіlі th tsіnnostі mozhut i Musial Buti pokladenі based zblizhennya rіznih pozitsіy, dosyagnennya Rozumny kompromіsіv s metoyu vivedennya suspіlstva s crisis. Rozshirennyu bazi for spіvrobіtnitstva Got spriyati spіlna been approved, the robot s sovereign suverenіtetu that Nezalezhnosti Ukraine, perehіd to sotsіalno orієntovanoї rinkovoї Economy. Same s Tsikh base tsіley toil vihoditi polіtichnі partії that gromadskі organіzatsії, viznachayuchi mozhlivіst vzaєmnoї spіvpratsі [29].

Vazhlivim Elements rozvitku polіtichnih protsesіv Ukraїnі Got to be the completion of the legal registration of bagatopartіynostі. Uhvalenі Radoyu Supreme Law "about ob'єdnannya gromadyan", "Pro polіtichnі partії" Je deprivation Persha CRIC at tsomu high road. Treba slit uhvaliti vіdpovіdnі normativnі acti, SSMSC b chіtko viznachili nature of sovereign fіnansuvannya polіtichnih partіy the results parlamentskih viborіv, i zdіysniti neobhіdnі come in for derzhavnoї pіdtrimki viborchih kampanіy. Viznachnoyu podієyu in rozvitku democratically protsesіv in Ukraїnі was novoї Konstitutsії of acceptance. Of acceptance of the Basic Law nashoї powers spriyatime rozvitkovі Gromadyanska suspіlstva, formuvannyu profesіynogo Parliament that efektivnіy realіzatsії principle podіlu Vladi. And the dwellers polіtichnі processes Rukh sama in such napryamku, derzhavnі іnstituti povinnі tsіlespryamovano actively vplivati ​​on rozvitok bagatopartіynostі, dopomagati Formation partіy that suspіlno-polіtichnih organіzatsіy in Ukraїnі.