Basics of polіtologії - Bregeda AY

2. Globalnі problemi rozvitku lyudstva that Suchasnyj polіtichne mislennya

In drugіy polovinі twentieth stolіttya lyudstvo natrapilo the problems od virіshennya yakih deposits further progression sotsіalny share tsivіlіzatsії. Tsі problemi otrimali titles globally (od lat globus -. Earth's kul) [9]. Viznachalnoyu osoblivіstyu Tsikh problems Je їh kompleksnіst, sistemnіst that zagalny character zumovlenі INCREASING єdnіstyu Suchasnyj svitu, tendentsіyami to posilennya vzaєmozv'yazku i vzaєmozalezhnostі іsnuyuchih ekonomіchnih i polіtichnih structures.

Globalnі problems can rozdіliti on Vier osnovnі groupies. Tse problem:

- Sotsіalno-polіtichnogo nature: zapobіgannya yadernіy vіynі; pripinennya ozbroєn race; Myrna virіshennya regіonalnih, mіzhderzhavnih that mіzhnatsіonalnih konflіktіv, budіvnitstvo svitu without vio on zasadі have been approved, Dovira vіdnosinah mіzh nations zmіtsnennya Sistemi zagalnoї BEZPEKA;

- Sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo nature: podolannya ekonomіchnoї vіdstalostі th pov'yazanih s her zlidennostі th kulturnoї vіdstalostі; zabezpechennya efektivnosti virobnitstva that ekonomіchnogo zrostannya kraїn svitu; Poshuk sposobіv rozv'yazannya energetichnoї, sirovinnoї that prodovolchoї Creasy; optimіzatsіya demografіchnoї situatsії, Especially in kraїnah scho rozvivayutsya; osvoєnnya in peacetime tsіlyah navkolozemnogo expanse that Svіtovogo ocean;

- Sotsіalno-ekologіchnі scho zumovlenі further pogіrshannyam natural seredovischa human habitation. W Especially gostrotoyu postaє neobhіdnіst zdіysnennya zahodіv for polіpshennya atmosphere garmonіynogo rozvitku zhivoї th nezhivoї nature, natural ratsіonalnogo vikoristannya potentsіalu planets;

- Stosovno Person of rights, vklyuchayuchi lyudsky vimіr suspіlnogo Progreso: dotrimannya sotsіalnih, ekonomіchnih that іndivіdualnih rights i freedoms; lіkvіdatsіya hunger epіdemіchnih zahvoryuvan, neutstva; Spiritually rozvitok osobistostі; podolannya vіdchuzhennya od Helsinki Human Nature, suspіlstva, Power, people have іnshih rezultatі vlasnoї zhittєdіyalnostі [10].

Bunt against, not perelіku Tsikh problems and reasons osmislennі їh viniknennya that viznachennі efektivnosti shlyahіv i sposobіv rozv'yazannya.

Rozmіrkovuyuchi the causes of global problems, uchenі vkazuyut, peredovsіm on vsesvіtnyu spіlnіst people scho Especially in the twentieth viyavilasya stolіttі. Її zabezpechuyut glibinnі ekonomіchnі zv'yazki, stalі polіtichnі, kulturnі contacts, Zaporizhya zasobi masovoї komunіkatsії. Over the minds, if the planet Earth staє єdinim home lyudstva, bagato superechnostey, konflіktіv, vihodyat problems at lokalnі th frame nabirayut global, zagalnosvіtovogo nature.

Ale rіch not tіlki in tsomu. Ninі active-peretvoryuyuchu dіyalnіst samoї of Helsinki Human mogutnіstyu th naslіdkami - CREATIVE yak, so i ruynіvnimi - Can porіvnyati s dієyu naybіlsh grіznih forces of nature. Vihіd s tsogo encampments polyagaє in radikalnіy zmіnі nature virobnichoї dіyalnostі Helsinki Human, її a process that Zhittya svіdomostі. Naukova-tehnіchny progression - tse not tіlki "pereobtyazhennya" to nature. Naybіlsh progresivnі tehnologії stvoryuyut mozhlivіst for vprovadzhennya ekologіchno pure virobnitstva, zapobіgayuchi yogo negative vplivu on dovkіllya. The hour has come zmіniti are tehnologіchnoї tsivіlіzatsії, Nadachi їy prirodoohoronnogo nature.

Suchasna science rozglyadaє Lyudin, lyudstvo th navkolishnє seredovische yak єdinu system. Vidatny teachings V. I. Vernadsky wrote scho Person of Buda vimushena svіdomo take on itself vіdpovіdalnіst for rozvitok bіosferi. Seredovische human habitation, scho him upravlyaє Naukova Rozum, V. I. Nazivav Vernadsky noosphere. Perehіd bіosferi noosphere - yakіsno Novi Etap in evolyutsії suspіlstva, neobhіdna Umov rozvitku tsivіlіzatsії [11].

Tsіlkom obviously scho not virіshivshi Tsikh problems lyudstvo not podolaє glibokoї Creasy tsivіlіzatsії not zabezpechit svoє vizhivannya th vsebіchny further progression. Not vipadkovo, scho in the Same ostannі prophets, usvіdomivshi velicheznu zagrozu lyudstvu, the people s Relief natsіonalno Sovereign іnstitutіv, regіonalnih i mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy steel aktivnіshe vtіlyuvati in the practice of global vzaєmozv'yazkіv i vzaєmovіdnosin takі principles yak democratization, demіlіtarizatsіya, gumanіzatsіya.

Tsі fun- toil unіversalny character. Democratization mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin on protivagu totalіtarnim i authoritarian-bureaucratic stereotypes at polіtitsі, peretvoryuєtsya in nezdolanny ruh suchasnostі, nabiraє geopolіtichnoї FORMS rozvitku lyudstva on the high road to yogo th sotsіalnogo polіtichnogo vizvolennya.

Practical zhoden infect people zhodna Power mozhut not normal for rozvivatisya minds avtarkії, іzolyatsії. Unaslіdok ob'єktivnogo rozvitku suchasnoї tsivіlіzatsії, svіtovoї Economy, tehnіki tehnologії i, i Informácie culture OAO All Kraina Square od Svoge Georeferencing in svіtovomu spіvtovaristvі Zăluceni to globalnoї th regіonalnoї Sistemi vzaєmozv'yazkіv i vzaєmovіdnosin. A tse oznachaє scho ninі encampment in kozhnіy kraїnі viznachaєtsya bagato in chomu Tim naskіlki democratic whole system mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin, naskіlki Won zabezpechuє whether Money Does people spravzhnyu nezalezhnіst, suverennіst, freedom sotsіalnogo th polіtichnogo Vibor, nevtruchannya zzovnі, nedotorkannіst teritorії, dotrimannya іsnuyuchih dogovorіv that zobov'yazan, povazhannya rights powers of the UN member yak, i іnshih mіzhnarodnih regіonalnih organіzatsіy.

Tsіlkom obviously scho minds of zrostayuchoї vzaєmozalezhnostі zabezpechiti on praktitsі takі garantії kozhnіy derzhavі people i Mauger deprivation is spravzhnomu democratic system mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin. Tsіlkom Won slit sklalasya not have great powers vіdnosinah i Malih kraїn slit podolano not relapse іmperskih pіdhodіv, shook his power, blockade torgovelno-ekonomіchnimi sanktsіyami - right up voєnnoї іnterventsії switching on. Usa Tse pіdtverdzhuє scho democratization mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin not Mauger Buti locally vibіrkovoyu; Won Got Booty іnternatsіonalnim, vsezagalnim processes.

Zvichayno, nemozhlivo absolyutizuvati svіtovі polіtichnі realії bezvіdnosno before cpm Je naspravdі sub'єkti mіzhnarodnogo law; nemozhlivo dosyagti tsіlkovitogo democratic rozvitku svіtovogo polіtichnogo processes, if at svіtі zberіgayutsya nedemokratichnі rehearse. Treba nagolositi takozh, scho mіzhnarodnі vіdnosini SOCA All їhnyu vazhlivіst toil vtorinny (schodo natsіonalno Sovereign vіdnosin structures i) character.

Democratization mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin, svіtovogo polіtichnogo processes potrebuє yak neobhіdnoї peredumovi - demіlіtarizatsії. Rozzbroєnnya - demіlіtarizatsії central point [12]. Ale CIM demіlіtarizatsіya not obmezhuєtsya. Vaughn ohoplyuє global spheres mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin: lіkvіdatsіyu vіyskovo-polіtichnih blokіv; konversіyu science and takozh nevіyskovoї promislovostі scho vikonuє vіyskovі of order; Reigning zvіlnennya polіtichnih i upravlіnskih structures suspіlnih іnstitutіv, a method Zhittya mіlyonіv people їhnoї svіdomostі od nadmіrnogo vplivu vіyskovogo Elements.

Demіlіtarizatsіya, spriyayuchi formuvannyu svіtovoї Economy, іnfrastruktur scho zabezpechuyut perehіd od Epoch konfrontatsії to spіvrobіtnitstva narodіv i powers odnochasno stvoryuє minds for gumanіzatsії mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin. Same in a peaceful hour skinuvshi s Statement tyagar race ozbroєn (vіyskovі vitrati powers in our hour syagnuli mayzhe $ 1 trillion. On Year) i really garantuyuchi mіtsnu zagalnu BEZPEKA, lyudstvo zdatne visunuti on perednіy plan svіtovoї polіtiki Lyudin s її tsіlyami, іnteresami i require .

Gumanіzatsіya mіzhnarodnih that mіzhderzhavnih vіdnosin oznachaє scho polіtika held zaradi people; scho Helsinki Human Interests, її right i Svobody vischі of Interests i powers of law; scho not people live i pratsyuyut zadlya powers and, navpaki, Power Got іsnuvati for people Buti їhnoyu zbroєyu, zasobom instead samotsіllyu i samotsіnnіstyu [13]. Nosієm vischogo suverenіtetu Je people; HEAD kriterіy dіyalnostі whether yakih Reigning i suspіlnih іnstitutіv - sluzhіnnya people; nayvischa meta sotsіalnogo rozvitku - Vilna, nevіdchuzhena osobistіst, dіyova system vіlnih suspіlnih vіdnosin. Gumanіzm gromadyan, suspіlstva that vsesvіtnіh mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin іz vіkovoї the Dream lyudstva Mauger peretvoritisya in realnіst tіlki protyagom trivalogo іstorichnogo processes.

Uprovadzhennyu in mіzhnarodnі vіdnosini printsipіv demokratizatsії, demіlіtarizatsії that gumanіzatsії guilty actively spriyati Suchasnyj polіtichne mislennya. Vono originated in drugіy polovinі 40th rokіv, if velikі fіziki svitu on cholі s A. Einstein's scary usvіdomili zagrozu, pov'yazanu s vikoristannyam yadernoї energії in vіyskovih tsіlyah. In 1946 A. Einstein's rotsі poperedzhav scho lyudstvo іdeologіchno not ready to tehnіchnogo zastosuvannya energії atom. Tacke zastosuvannya potrebuє new mislennya, printsipovo іnshih pіdhodіv to vzaєmovіdnosin powers i narodіv to rozrobki novoї Sistemi zagalnoї BEZPEKA. Yakscho basis mislennya not Pierce Masov svіdomіst, tsivіlіzatsіyu Bywater on zagibel.

Suchasnyj polіtichne mislennya formuvalosya postupovo. Vono vvіbralo a globalіstskі іdeї mіzhnarodnih neuryadovih organіzatsіy, progresivnі demokratichnі іdeї sotsіal-demokratії. In kіntsі 80 rokіv in kolishnomu CPCP Bulo rozrobleno theoreticity kontseptsіyu Suchasnyj polіtichnogo mislennya [14]. Vaughn Vpershe zruynuvala "image vorogov" viyshla the arena svіtovoї polіtiki, Pocha vplivati ​​on mіzhnarodnі contact, Masov suspіlnu svіdomіst i Look at provіdnih polіtichnih lіderіv.

Nazvemo osnovnі RISS Suchasnyj polіtichnogo mislennya.

1. Prіoritet vizhivannya lyudstva that іdeya prіoritetu zagalnolyudskih tsіnnostey in svіtovіy polіtitsі. Until 1983 the first rock radyanskі amerikanskі vchenі obrahuvali on AMR naslіdki obmіnu nuclear strike. Those scho s become such planets pіslya obmіnu ( "napіvzima") oznachaє zagibel tsivіlіzatsії, tse NAUKOVO brought. Otzhe, "nuclear winter" is not Mauger Buti zasobom for dosyagnennya polіtichnih, ekonomіchnih, іdeologіchnih, vzagalі whether yakih tsіley. De Well vihіd? vіdpovіd clear: lyudstvo musit vizhiti, musit zberegti tsivіlіzatsіyu yak Taku. For tsogo neobhіdno, dwellers Pershe Location in mіzhnarodnіy shkalі prіoritetіv posіli zagalnolyudskі tsіnnostі on protivagu klasovim, natsіonalnim, relіgіynim, grupovogo toscho. Tіlki ninі, if zagroza zagalnoplanetarnoї disaster was realnіstyu, іdeya prіoritetu zagalnolyudskih іnteresіv i tsіnnostey Pocha perehoditi in ploschinu praktichnoї polіtiki. Sogodnі cutaneous zrozumіlo: without realіzatsії zagalnolyudskih іnteresіv nemozhlivy progressive suspіlstva.

2. Kontseptsіya superechlivogo, vzaєmozalezhnogo, tsіlіsnogo th nenasilnitskogo svitu. The Global spіvtovaristvo rozvivaєtsya on bazі law іnternatsіonalіzatsії suspіlnogo Zhittya. Realіzatsіya tsogo law potrebuє podolannya konfrontatsії. Power Zhodna not Mauger rozvivatisya іzolovano th autonomously without zavdayuchi sobі velicheznih vtrat. Becoming vzaєmozalezhnogo th tsіlіsnogo svitu, SOCA OAO All superechnostі - neobhіdny i real processes.

Chi bude Tsey's World nenasilnitskim, Mauger viznachiti tіlki rіven suspіlnoї svіdomostі. Enforced duzhe gliboko vvіyshlo in practice mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin. Ale is not vmiraє Nadiya on those non-violent scho mill єdino right tactics vizhivannya lyudstva in nuclear Epoch. Arriving in dushі non-violent people. Pong, kіnets-kіntsem, usvіdomlyat: vio, primus, teror nesumіsnі Zi svіtom chestі, vzaєmopovagi, Dovira in yaky vstupaє tsivіlіzatsіya on the cob XXI stolіttya.

3. Vazhlivim moment Suchasnyj polіtichnogo mislennya, yaky rozkrivaє fіlosofіyu suchasnoї mіzhnarodnoї polіtiki becoming Poshuk correct such spіvvіdnoshennya understand yak "balance of power" i "іnteresіv balance" [15]. Over the minds ekonomіchnoї that yadernoї nebezpeki scho tyazhіє over lyudstvom, tsіlkom natural, scho on zmіnu vzaєmnoї pіdozrіlostі th nedovіri, SSMSC neschodavno panuvali in sferі mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin, come usvіdomlennya neobhіdnostі balance іnteresіv on zasadі vzaєmopriynyatnih kompromіsіv. For such minds ob'єktivno neobhіdnim Je basis rozumіnnya svіtovoї situatsії, if virіshennya problems vlasnoї natsіonalnoї BEZPEKA cutaneous sub'єkt rozglyadaє krіz prism dosyagnennya mіzhnarodnoї BEZPEKA. Yak svіdchit rozvitok podіy, mozhlivіst zberezhennya zhittєvo vazhlivih natsіonalnih іnteresіv whether yakoyu powers in sogodnіshnomu svіtі bagato in chomu deposits od nadіynostі Sistemi mіzhnarodnoї BEZPEKA.

4. Sche odnієyu vazhlivoyu risoyu mіzhnarodnoї polіtiki ninі Je Vibor freedom. Іdeya Svobody Vibor Bula kolis warehouses Chastain principle of peaceful spіvіsnuvannya in words widely pіdtrimuvalasya vsіma powers in the real ale zhittі postіyno porushuvalasya. Rozglyadayuchi zmіst that character tsogo polіtichnogo yavischa can viznachiti two yogo vazhlivі vimіri: sotsіalno-polіtichny (right to vibіr suspіlnogo fret) i mіzhnarodny (right powers vibirati svіy course for svіtovіy arenі, Roads Ahead is the methodical zabezpechennya natsіonalnih іnteresіv, svoїh partnerіv i soyuznikіv). So rank, the freedom to Vibor kozhnoї powers polyagaє not tіlki in bagatovarіantnostі її sotsіalno-polіtichnogo rozvitku and minutes from pravі kozhnoї powers on Taku zovnіshnyu polіtiku, yak b vіdpovіdala її natsіonalnim іnteresam.