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Logistic - Kalchenko A.G.

ROZDIL 12. SHORT CHARACTERISTICS OF CORE ELEMENTS LOGICS

12.1. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE FOR TRANSPORTATION

For the dismantling of optimal logistic transport systems, you need to rozglyanuti okremi elemeni. The material and technical base of transport includes transport vehicles (wagons, locomotives, fleet, automobiles), technical facilities for construction (stantsi, depots, wagons, ports), and takozh repair services, shlyhove gosdarstvo, automation, telemechanics and zvoyazyku .

Prior to the material and technical basis of the hall of transport, you can glide and greet the state, the carriages and carriages, the stanitsa, the wagons, the goods, the vanity and the wagon.

Діяльність вантажних дворів і commodity offices здійснюється за єдиним технологічним процесом. Vantazhni dvori є especial part of the station standard, there is a complex of budivel and roads on the yak. Zavdannyam vantazhnykh dvorіv - priymannya, navantazhuvannya, rozvantazhuvannya, vidacha, sortuvannya і timchasove zberіgannya vantazhiv. I will stay at the dacha at the stations, in the service centers of the populated areas, in the deed of communication, and in the direction of the vandalism, to bring up the promises, and to promulgate, to those who are economically unprofitable, the mother of the halls of the country. On the waggon's dwelling zoseredzhuyutsya usi osnovnyi ob'ektii i pristroї komercsynogo character, scho sluguyut for pererobki vantazhiv (crits and vidkriti warehouses, container maidanchiki, sortuvalnye platformy, maidanchiki for perebromki vagovyh vantazhiv, budivlya ta pristroї for spetsializovannogo navantazhuvannya i rovantazhuvannya vantagazhny, vagi, vantazhno -rzovantazhuvalnyi mehanizmi, service and technical support). By the hour in the halls of the halls, the labor of the mechanized workers of the court, the deformation of the mechanized processes of the detachment, the wagering of the bagatas of the additional operations (vidkritya i zakrtya lyukiv pivvagoniv).

Vantazhni dvori will buduyut deafly, paroelnym abo poslidovnim rozmіschennyam vistavochnikh dorіg chi naskrіznimi z dvubichnim v'їzdom i vіzdom. The front is in a state of gravity and is roughened by riznih vantazhiv on them rozmіshchyu, zabezpechuachi:

1) a good call with priplegimi promyslovy pidpriemstvami that population points;

2) naybіlsh economize the technology maneuvering robot - filing and priborannya wagons;

3) the flow scheme of maintenance of waggonage vehicles in front, the possibility of putting auto-vehicles on the road; Timchasovu parking (for the consumer) for tractors and cars; Вільне встановлення їх для навантажування і розвантажування;

4) the possibility of a non-mediocre retraining of wagons in automobiles and navpacks with particular respect to the restrained sanitarno-гігієнічних вимог та вимог охорони праці.

Vantazhniy dvir - tse zakladova stantsii, that yogi rotashuvannya i rozvitok majut vidpovidati її zagalnim vimogam. The remaining scheme of the rostashuvannya warehouse і dorіg on vatazhnomu dvirі vibirayut, porіvnyavshi decilka tehniko-ekonomichnyh її varіantіv.

Tovarny kontorii are recognized for the design of the waggonage transport of those rozraunkivs from the wagons and the wardens of the wagon-guardsmen. Teritorialno їх розміщують біля в'їзду на вантажні двори, що пояснюється характерм їх роботи. Dwellers priskoriti decorated navantazhen i rozvantazhen on pіd'їznih Shlyakhov organіzuyutsya spetsіalnі vіddіlennya (fіlії) tovarnoї office. At the goods office, draw up documents for wagons, recognized for transport; To spend groshny rozraunkki for transporting; To pay a fine and zbori; Transmit information to the oderzhuvalacham about nadegzhennya vtanazhu; Zdіysnjutot oblіk vikonannya plan the transfer; Priymayut moltovlenya on podannya wagons for navantazhennya; Vidshkuyut vantage і warehouses kerertsіynі aktiv a conduct інші операції. Нині у відділеннях залізниць стрені вузлові розрахункові контори, що виконують основні функції товарних контор усіх станцій. Tse dae zmogu mehanizuvati ta centralizuvati bahato kobertsіnyh operatsi, widely vikoristovuvaty EOM.

Trivalovst robot vstanovlyuetsya takoyu, shcheob mozhna boulo yakomogo krasche obslugovuvati vidpravniknikov ta oderzhuvachich vantagaziv, and takozh yaknairatsionalnis vikoristivuvati zasy for transportation. At the great stations of commodity prices, pritsyuyut tsilodobovo, and on dribnih - in one abov dvі zmіni. Vantazhnyi dvir maє pratsyuvati in the very regime, scho d product stantsyіya. At nichniy hour on vatazhnomu dvorі mozhut, napriklad, lishe vidavaty abo tilki priymati vantazhi for transporting. At stanziyah, de organizovano tsentralizovane zavezenya і viveznania vantazhiv avtomobilnim transport zagalnogo koristustvannya, vantazhny dvir, yak rule, pritsyue tsilodobovo.

Until the ruins of the warehouse for the passenger transport, locomotive carriage is leaning over. In the halls of Ukraine, two visions are visible: diesel locomotive electric. Carriages park warehouses for the waggons, platforms, pivvagonov, cisterns, izotermіchnih ta spetsіalnih vagonіv. Найбільше here піввагонів. Усі вагони за кількістю осей поділяються на чотири-, шести-, й восьмивісні (Table 5).

Table 5

The main characteristics of active wagons in wagons of Ukraine

Exploitation characteristics of the car fleet viznachayut behind such showers.

1. Tehnichnyi koefitsynt tar wagonov , yaky viznachayat for vidnoshennyam masi vesiye tar wagon to yogo vantazhopidyomnosti:

De TK - technical specification of the tariff car;

P m is the tariff;

In - in the wagon wheel.

With a modified technical specification, the tar-wagon will be shortened by a robot tactic charged with transporting tar wagons, zavodyaki chomu zmenshuyutsya vitrati for transport, vikoristannya light alloy, synthetic materials, nizhuyutsya mas tari up to 18 tons (chotirivіshnikh vagononov) і, vidpovіdno, koefіtsіyint taragonalu - Up to 0.288.

2. Vantazhnyy koefitsynt tar wagonov viznachayut through vidnoshennya masi tari to mas vantage, on the waggon at the car. Він відображає використання вантажопідйомності вагонів when transported відповідних вантажів. Chim vyshy tse koefitsynt, tim menshe efektivno vikorostvuyutsya vtatazhopidyomist wagon:

De VK - wagoned to the tariff car;

P m - weight to the taragon, t;

In the wagon, the waggon, waggon from the car,

Vantazhniy koefitsynt tar for critics wagons to become 0,62-0,5, pivvagoniv - 0,5-0,38, platforms - 0,54-0,51, cisterns - 0,85-0,56.

3. Коефіцієнт використання вантажопідйомності вагону viznachayut through vidnoshennya masi vantage, zavantagozhenogo from the car, to vantagozhіdіomnіі car:

,

De K in - koefіcієnt vikoristanny vtatazhopіdіomnostі;

In the v-mass, the waggon, waggon from the car, t;

In van.v - vtnazhopіdjomnist the car, t.

Tse koefіtsієnt zalizhit vіd bagatоh chinnikіv і nasamperdod vіd modіv ukladannya ta rozmіschen'ya vtanazhu vagonі, step tambulvania і presuvannya vantazhu ta іn. Sutt'evo vplivaye on vikoristanny vtatazhopidyomnosti wagon o'temna mas vantage (t / m3). Chim bishe nablizhaetsya koefіtsієnt up oditnitsi, tim krashche vikorostvuyutsya vtatazhopіdіomnist car. Якщо коефіцієнт дорівнює одиниці, вантажопідйомість of the car використовується повністю.

4. Коефіцієнт використання місткості вагону визначають through відношення об'єму, занятого вантажем, до повної місткості (об'єму) вагону:

,

De K m - a civil aviation car;

V van - об'єм, занятий витажем у вагоні, м3;

V в - total wagon, m3.

The size of the legal entity is to be located in the quiet of the towns themselves, but it is not enough for them. When transporting waggons with a large obemnyu masoy not zavzhdi ponynistyu vikoristvuyutsya mistkist car, tobto vonostoetsya yogo vantazhopidyom-

Nistju. When transporting light vanzatіv mіstkіst car vikoristovuytsya ponnistyu, and vantazhopіdіomnist - pokaznoko.

5. Коефіцієнт піємo об'єму вагону - vidnoshennya korisnogo ob'єmu body of the car to yogo vtatazhopіdіomnostі. Він відображає розмір корсной об'єму (м3), що припадє на один тонну вантажопідйомності car:

,

De K P.o - the ratio of the pitom to the wagon;

V в - corsnium об'єм to the car, m3;

In - in the waggon of a car,

The value of this coefficient in the average passenger cars is 1.5 m3 / t.