Zagalna psihologіya - Maksimenko SD

9.3. Rіznovidi i uwagi FORMS

In psihologії rozrіznyayut uwagi mimovіlnu, dovіlnu that pіslyadovіlnu. Usі rіznovidi uwagi i tіsno vzaєmopov'yazanі for Pevnyi minds rolling one to one.

Mimovіlna uwagi vinikaє nespodіvano Square od svіdomostі, neperedbacheno of minds dіyalnostі abo vіdpochinku on dozvіllі, pid vplivom rіznomanіtnih podraznikіv, SSMSC dіyut on the chi Inshyj analіzator organіzmu. Mimovіlna uwagi vlastiva lyudinі i, i tvarinam, Hoca її viniknennya in Helsinki Human yakіsno vіdrіznyaєtsya od takoї uwagi at tvarin.

On vіdmіnu od tvarin Person of Mauger ovolodіvati Vlasnyi mimovіlnoyu uwagi, subject mimovіlnogo zoseredzhennya Mauger become a subject svіdomogo zoseredzhennya. Fіzіologіchnim pіdgruntyam mimovіlnoї uwagi Je bezumovno reflex orієntuvalna dіyalnіst. Neyrofіzіologіchnim її mehanіzmom Je zbudzhennya scho nadhodyat to measles s pіdkorkovih dіlyanok great pіvkul mozk head.

Mimovіlna uwagi vinikaє todі, if the power storonnіh podraznikіv perevischuє force usvіdomlyuvanih dіyuchih zbudzhen, if subdomіnantnі zbudzhennya for Pevnyi minds of Pevnyi obstavin stayut іntensivnіshimi porіvnyano s timey, scho Tsei domіnuyut at the moment. Zbudzhuvachami mimovіlnoї uwagi shaping can Buti deprivation not zovnіshnі ob'єkti, obstavini and second vnutrіshnі require emotsіynі camp, pragnennya - truncated, scho s yakogos drive hvilyuє Lyudin. Naychastіshe tse traplyaєtsya todі, if Person of stomlena for nespriyatlivih minds pratsі (spekotno, cold nesvіzhe povіtrya in primіschennі) abo if dіyalnіst, yakoyu Lyudin zaymaєtsya, її not tsіkavit not potrebuє іntensivnoї rozumovoї aktivnostі.

Mimovіlna uwagi Je korotkochasnoyu, ale for Pevnyi minds fallow od Sealy storonnіh podraznikіv scho dіyut on Lyudin, Won Mauger vinikati dosit often zavazhayuchi provіdnіy dіyalnostі.

Dovіlna uwagi - tse svіdomo spryamovane zoseredzhennya osobistostі on subjects that yavischah navkolishnoї dіysnostі on vnutrіshnіy psihіchnіy dіyalnostі. The main components of dovіlnoї uwagi Je will.

By the power of Volya Lyudin zdatna mobіlіzuvati th zoseredzhuvati his svіdomіst on neobhіdnіy dіyalnostі dosit trivaly hour.

Especially characteristic dovіlnoї uwagi Je tsіlespryamovanіst, organіzovanіst dіyalnostі, usvіdomlennya poslіdovnostі Act reasonably, distsiplіna rozumovoї dіyalnostі, zdatnіst fight Zi storonnіmi vіdvolіkannyami.

Fіzіologіchnim pіdgruntyam dovіlnoї uwagi Je umovno reflex dіyalnіst, zdatnіst galmuvati nepotrіbnі Ruhi that dії. Positive іnduktsіya nervovih protsesіv - one s basic fіzіologіchnih pіdvalin dovіlnoї uwagi. Otzhe can stverdzhuvati, scho with one s basic neyrofіzіologіchnih mehanіzmіv dovіlnoї uwagi Je cholovі dіlyanki measles great pіvkul mozk Head, SSMSC doslіdniki funktsіy head mozk vvazhayut mehanіzmom rozumovoї psihіchnoї dіyalnostі and otzhe, dovіlnoї th uwagi.

In dovіlnіy uvazі provіdnim Je vibіr ob'єkta zoseredzhennya, zasobіv Act reasonably, scho suprovodzhuєtsya Borotba motivіv. Usvіdomlennya Process Act reasonably, skin yogo Etap - smut, scho on cutaneous viklikaє zoseredzhennya etapі dіyalnostі th gotuє to zoseredzhenostі on the following її etapі. Tsey dinamіchny bіk dovіlnoї uwagi potrebuє vmіnnya rozpodіlyati uwagi mіzh usієyu dіyalnіstyu - od cob until the completion of that mіzh okremimi її Etap.

Main zbudzhuvachami dovіlnoї uwagi Je usvіdomlyuvanі require that obov'yazki, Helsinki Human Interests, meta she zasobi dіyalnostі. Shcho vіddalenіsha meta i skladnіshі minds is the way to її dosyagnennya, then less then privablyuє Lyudin itself dіyalnіst i potrebuє bіlshogo napruzhennya svіdomostі that Volia and otzhe, dovіlnoї th uwagi. Such dіyalnіst (and with such a sama The Teaching Yea i Trudova dіyalnіst) potrebuє nalezhnogo її pіdtrimannya that keruvannya.

Pіslyadovіlna uwagi, yak i svіdchat dosvіd spetsіalnі doslіdzhennya, nastaє in rezultatі svіdomogo zoseredzhennya on subjects that have yavischah protsesі dovіlnoї uwagi. Dolayuchi trudnoschі pid hour dovіlnogo zoseredzhennya, Lyudin zvikaє to them, she dіyalnіst viklikaє Pevnyi іnteres to neї and the second zahoplyuє її vikonavtsya, i uwagi nabiraє Find our mimovіlnogo zoseredzhennya. Tom pіslyadovіlnu uwagi nazivayut slit vtorinnoyu mimovіlnoyu uwagi. In nіy napruzhennya Volya slabshaє and іntensivnіst uwagi not zmenshuєtsya, zalishayuchis on rіvnі dovіlnoї uwagi. Hoch in pіslyadovіlnіy uvazі mimovіlnіst, svіdome zoseredzhennya on ob'єktі dіyalnostі that yogo okremih Etap i zmenshuєtsya against Tsey rіznovid uwagi, yak i dovіlna uwagi, Je svіdomo kontrolovanim. Zavdyaki fact scho іntensivnіst napruzhennya in pіslyadovіlnіy uvazі zmenshuєtsya and іnteres to dіyalnostі pіdvischuєtsya, Won staє trivalіshoyu that produktivnіshoyu. Tom at protsesі dіyalnostі - navchalnoї, trudovoї - vazhlivo zasobami її organіzatsії methods that pratsі spriyati transition uwagi od dovіlnoї to pіslyadovіlnoї.

In navchalnіy dіyalnostі duzhe vazhlivo spriyati poyavі in uchnіv pіslyadovіlnoї uwagi. Navchannya, yak vіdomo, Je vazhkoyu dіyalnіstyu th porіvnyano Shvydko stomlyuє, todі Especially, if the lesson does not become zmіst іnteresu. Tom pіslyadovіlna uwagi on urotsі spriyaє uspіshnomu vikonannyu uchnyami The Teaching zavdan i zmenshennyu sub'єktivnogo vіdchuttya misrepresented.

Fallow od zmіstu dіyalnostі uwagi spryamovuєtsya abo on zovnіshnі, bezposeredno danі Objects, yavischa that Ruhi Vlasnyi tіla, SSMSC Je ob'єktom vіdchuttіv i spriyman, abo on vnutrіshnyu, psihіchnu dіyalnіst.

In tsomu zv'yazku viokremlyuyut zovnіshnyu, abo touch that Rukhs (motor), uwagi that vnutrіshnyu, іntelektualnu uwagi. Rozpodіl uwagi on zovnіshnyu that vnutrіshnyu, zvichayno, umovny, ale tsі FORMS Wink uwagi toil pevnі osoblivostі on SSMSC treba zvazhati in organіzatsії th keruvannі The Teaching, labor is the sports dіyalnіstyu Helsinki Human.

Zovnіshnya uwagi vіdіgraє provіdnu role in sposterezhennі predmetіv i yavisch navkolishnoї dіysnostі that їh vіdobrazhennі in Helsinki Human svіdomostі.

Won in viyavlyaєtsya aktivnіy ustanovtsі, spryamuvannі organіv chuttya on ob'єkt spriymannya sposterezhennya i have zoseredzhennі on dіyuchih tіla bodies - hands, legs, їh napruzhennі. Zovnіshnya uwagi (touch, Rukhs) yaskravo viyavlyaєtsya in svoєrіdnih ruhah eyes, head, virazah oblichchya, mіmіchnih that pantomіmіchnih virazah ruhah i have svoєrіdnіy gotovnostі vikonuvati Ti Chi INSHI trudovі, navchalnі, sportivnі zavdannya.

Zoseredzhennya on things i yavischah dіysnostі spriyaє pіdvischennyu chutlivostі, tobto sensibіlіzatsії organіv chuttya - Zora, hearing, sense of smell, relish, dotiku and takozh temperament, static i kіnestetichnih stanіv organіzmu that yogo organіv. Sensibіlіzatsіya organіv chuttya spriyaє chіtkіshomu vibіrkovomu spriymannyu predmetіv that yavisch, їh elementіv.

In zovnіshnіy uvazі viokremlyuyut zoseredzhennya on ochіkuvanih things i yavischah - signals for i ruhіv Act reasonably, yak i in the Labour dіyah sports. Uwagi to ochіkuvanih predmetіv that yavisch nazivayut presensornoyu that premotor.

Vnutrіshnya, abo Intelektualna, uwagi spryamovuєtsya on analіz dіyalnostі psihіchnih protsesіv (spriymannya, pam'yatі, uyavi, mislennya) that psihіchnih organіv i experiences. Vaughn yaskravo viyavlyaєtsya, napriklad have rozv'yazannі zavdan podumki have prigaduvannі, mіrkuvannі podumki. Artist M. Bogdanov-Bєlsky away zobraziv manifest vnutrіshnoї uwagi uchnіv on kartinі "SAON lіchba", and the artist V. Perov virazno transferring experiences in mislivtsіv kartinі "Mislivtsі on spochinku".

Zdatnіst zoseredzhuvatisya on vnutrіshnіy, psihіchnіy dіyalnostі Got bike practicality value. Tacke zoseredzhennya pov'yazane Zi zdatnіstyu uyavlyati Objects that processes dії, podumki analіzuvati їh. When tsomu vazhlivu role vіdіgraє vnutrіshnє movlennya. Samosvіdomіst nemozhliva without zoseredzhennya on vnutrіshnіh, sub'єktivnih mills that іndivіdualnih Especially psihіchnoї dіyalnostі osobistostі.

Pid hour vnutrіshnoї uwagi chutlivіst organіv chuttya znizhuєtsya, Lyudin not pomіchaє znayomih not chuє, scho to neї zvertayutsya, vіdvolіkaєtsya od vikonuvanoї dіyalnostі. Tom in whether yakіy dіyalnostі - trudovіy, navchalnіy, sportivnіy - not rekomenduєtsya odnochasno zavantazhuvati zovnіshnyu i, i vnutrіshnyu uwagi, napriklad zagaduvati uchnyam rozv'yazati podumki zavdannya abo prigadati formula dati, i titles vodnochase demonstruvati zasobi unaochnennya, spriymati writing on doshtsі, sposterіgati geografіchnu card stezhiti for dієyu priladit. Tse potrebuє dosit rozvinenoї zdatnostі rozpodіlyati uwagi mіzh zovnіshno that vnutrіshno spryamovanoyu dіyalnіstyu.