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Receptionists pratsі - Moskalova VM

5.3.2 Vimogi BEZPEKA at ekspluatatsії vantazhopіdnіmalnih kranіv

Vantazhopіdnіmalnі crane from the character Je Rukh machines have protsesі ekspluatatsії yakih vinikayut nebezpechnі situatsії.

Rіven injury when robotі Tsikh machines deposits od:

• Structurally nedolіkіv, tehnologіchnih defektіv;
• samodovіlnogo peremіschennya;
• vtrati stіykostі;
• faults will become abo breakage of parts;
• nedotrimannya rezhimіv robot torn down rules BEZPEKA;
• nizkogo rіvnya kvalіfіkatsії obslugovuyuchogo staff іn i ..

H point Zora injury naynebezpechnіshimi at Tsikh robots Je perekidannya machines vtrata stіykostі them.

Stіykіst crane Je neobhіdnoyu minds Yogo bezpechnoї ekspluatatsії. Uzagalnennya characteristics scho dіyut on tap, driven in koefіtsієntah stіykostі stock (K). For zabezpechennya stіykostі crane Got Booty vіdpovіdna zalezhnіst mіzh perekidayuchim moment M i utrimuyuchim moment Mu, yaky Got perevischuvati Mn is not less then 40% nіzh.

Koefіtsієnt stіykostі:

(thirty)

de Mu - viznachaєtsya yak dobutok quantities crowbars Q crane on vіdstan od in the center to the edge of the crane crowbars perekidannya:

(31)

de M - viznachaєtsya yak dobutok crowbars P Vantage on vіdstan od center crowbars Vantage perekidannya to the edge of the crane:

(32)

Krіm masi crane Vantage i vanatazhozahvatnih pristosuvan on tap dіyut rіznі zovnіshnі navantazhennya:

• іnertsіynі Sealy, scho vinikayut at peremіschennya crane (start, galmuvannya);
• dotsentrovі Sealy, scho vinikayut at rusі povorotnoї Chastain crane;
• vіtrove navantazhennya at vise vіtru on Vantage i Elements of the crane;
• kut Nakheel ploschini on yakіy stoїt tap іn i ..

Efekt dії zovnіshnogo navantazhennya deposits not tіlki od yogo quantities, ale th od prikladannya point. Chim Dali rozmіschuєtsya prikladannya point Sealy od ribs perevertannya, team bіlshim Je efekt її dії, that exposure The navantazhennya on tap harakterizuєtsya moments dіyuchih forces.

When vstanovlennі kranіv pid uniquely Nakheel zmenshuєtsya Mu vnaslіdok skorochennya vіdstanі od crowbars center tap to perekidannya ribs. In such minds ustanovlyuyut crane on outriggers. Nakheel is not responsible perevischuvati .

Crane will spread todі, if nespriyatlivі chinniki dіyut on yogo stіykіst odnochasno. Tom Kranj proektuyut s so rozrahunkom, dwellers of whether yakih minds yak at robochem, so i do not have robochem stanі Bula zabezpechena їh stіykіst.

Otzhe, OOO All zovnіshnі navantazhennya, SSMSC prikladayutsya for mezhami reference contour stvoryuyut perekidayuchy time MP vіdnosno tsogo circuit. Utrimuyuchy moment pid dієyu yakogo car is staying in stanі rіvnovagi, stvoryuєtsya Vlasnyi masoyu i protivagoyu crane.

When viznachenostі stіykostі crane rozrіznyayut vantazhnu i Vlasnyi stіykіst, SSMSC perevіryayutsya for Relief obchislen.

Vantazhna stіykіst - tse zdatnіst crane protidіyati perevertannyu in bіk strіli, Vlasna - zdatnіst crane protidіyati perevertannyu in bіk, protilezhny roztashuvannyu strіli.

Stupіn stіykostі Cranes robochem stanі viznachaєtsya koefіtsієntom vantazhnoї stіykostі, and nerobochomu stanі - koefіtsієntom vlasnoї stіykostі.

Koefіtsієnt vlasnoї i vantazhnoї stіykostі vvazhaєtsya zadovіlnim todі, if yogo value is not less then 1.15.

Dwellers zabezpechiti crane stіykіst i zmenshiti dіyu dodatkovih navantazhen, neobhіdno OAO All Ruhi at pіdnіmannі opuskannі, galmuvannі i povertannі vantazhіv zdіysnyuvati smoothly without rivkіv i poshtovhіv.

For zabezpechennya bezpechnoї robots vantazhopіdyomnih kranіv vazhlive values ​​Got correctly vibіr robochem parametrіv.

Parameters nazivayut osnovnі tehnіchnі quantities scho harakterizuyut konstruktsіyu crane i yogo mozhlivostі at robotі.

Before parametrіv strіlovogo samohіdnogo crane vіdnositsya vantazhopіdyomnіst, vantazhna characteristic vilіt strіli, visota pіdyomu hook, vantazhny moment naybіlshy radіus povorotnoї ramie, frequency obertannya, shvidkіst crane, crane zagalna Waga i t. Іn ..

For vsіh tipіv kranіv basic parameters of Je vantazhopіdyomnіst - naybіlsha permissible masa robochem Vantage on pіdnіmannya yakogo rozrahovany crane.

Yakscho robochі parametric crane not vіdpovіdayut rozmіram Zabudova, masі vantazhіv (zavelikі abo zamalі) mozhut vinikati nadzvichaynі situatsії s point of injury Zora i іnshih negatively naslіdkіv.

Dotrimuvannya vimog "Rules ulashtuvannya i bezpechnoї ekspluatatsії vantazhopіdіymalnih kranіv" dozvolyaє pіdtrimuvati Activity nadіynіst machines have protsesі vikonannya them vіdpovіdnih vidіv robіt.

Vstanovlennya kranіv Nakheel pid uniquely znizhuє nadіynіst їh ekspluatatsії.

Perevіrku nadіynostі establishing kranіv zdіysnyuyut Shlyakhov pіdnіmannya maximum Vantage on visota 5cm i turn strіli s Vantage in obidvі Parties at 180-200 ?. When prosіdannі kolіs abo autrigerіv potrіbno zmіniti Location crane installation abo uschіlniti i ukrіpiti site.

Installing kranіv pid lіnієyu elektroperedach (LEP) whether yakoї naprugi not dozvolyaєtsya. In vipadku neobhіdnostі on vіdstanі blizhche 30m od marginal wires neobhіdno vidati work permit, yaky viznachaє bezpechnі pratsі minds.

Vikonannya robіt bilja LEP dozvolyaєtsya at dotrimannі vіdstaney on gorizontalі mіzh extreme points of the Fermi strіli crane i nayblizhchim wire elektroperedachі. Tsya vіdstan od 1 to 9m deposits od naprugi LEP.

Before cob robots look neobhіdno crane i perevіriti on holostіy hodі spravnіst vsіy yogo mehanіzmіv, sound i svіtlovogo signalіv, spravnіst mehanіzmu peremіschennya tap, Galmier that galmіvny Way, dovzhina yakogo Got Booty not bіlshe 1m. Viyavlenі nedolіki bringing in a rotational magazine.

When silі vіtru Ponad 6 balіv (12m / s) abo nablizhennі storm, robot on cranes pripinyayut.

In protsesі ekspluatatsії Activity BEZPEKA kranіv pіdvischuyut priladit that pristroї BEZPEKA. For priznachennya stink podіlyayutsya on:

• obmezhuvachі Ruhu (peresuvannya crane obertannya, pіdnіmannya vantazhіv, Villota strіli);
• pristroї scho zabezpechuyut stіykіst MACHINES protiugonnі grasp, vinosnі support, obmezhuvachі vantazhopіdyomnostі;
• pristroї scho signalіzuyut about the camp stіykostі - vіtromіri, pokazhchiki Nakheel, has fitted svіtlovoї that zvukovoї signalіzatsії;

Reigning perspicuity that tehnіchne oposvіdchennya machines

Reigning perspicuity of tehnіchnim pitched vantazhopіdіymalnih machines zdіysnyuyut organic Derzhgіrpromnaglyadu.

Before starting the machine the robot їh neobhіdno zareєstruvati. Zgіdno s Rules reєstratsії pіdlyagayut nastupnі vantazhopіdіymalnі car:

• Kranj vsіh tipіv vantazhopіdyomnіstyu Ponad 1t;
• excavator, priznachenі robot s hook, grab abo magnіtom, vantazhopіdyomnіst yakih perevischuє 1t;
• Cranes bridge type (mostovі, kozlovі, crane) upravlіnnya yakih zdіysnyuєtsya s pіdlogi vantazhopіdyomnіstyu Ponad 10t.

In Registration vkazanih machines zdіysnyuєtsya on pіdstavі pismovoї vlasnika stated that the passport machines.

Dozvіl to start the car at the results of the robot vidaєtsya їh tehnіchnogo oposvіdchennya i'm perevіrki cranes, sovereign authority is visual.

At passport MACHINES zapisuєtsya dozvіl on the robot, and takozh prіzvische individuals scho bude vіdpovіdalnoyu: for the correctness vikoristannya crane dotrimuvannya regularly oglyadіv, svoєchasnih remontіv, holding on viprobuvan spravno camp.

Spravnіst machines viznachaєtsya tehnіchnim look around.

OAO All machines on SSMSC poshiryuyutsya vimogi rules before starting the robot pіdlyagayut tehnіchnomu look around, and Ti, scho znahodyatsya in robotі - perіodichnomu tehnіchnomu look around.

Tehnіchny machines look around buvaє Povny i chastkovim that pozachergovim.

Povny tehnіchny zdіysnyuyut look around once in three Rocky schlyahom obstezhennya machines, static i dinamіchnogo viprobuvannya.

Chastkovomu tehnіchnomu look around pіdlyagayut Cranes vipadkah the following:

• pіslya installation abo transported to їh Lots Other Location; pіslya rekonstruktsії abo kapіtalnogo repair metalevih konstruktsіy machines;
• pіslya zamіni hook, vantazhnih, strіlovih, abo guyed kranіv;
• if Mali Location avarіynі situatsії.

Look around Tehnіchny zdіysnyuє іnspektor sovereign authority in lucid prisutnostі individuals yak vіdpovіdaє for spravno mill machines.

Tehnіchne oposvіdchennya MACHINES polyagaє in retelnomu oglyadі mehanіzmіv crane i yogo okremih vuzlіv, static i dinamіchnogo viprobuvannya Vantage.

Oposvіdchennyu pіdlyagayut mehanіzmi MACHINES elektroobladnannya i, i zapobіzhnі blokuyuchі pristroї, priladit BEZPEKA, Galmier i aparata upravlіnnya, svіtlova i signalіzatsіya audible.

Krіm tsogo, perevіryaєtsya metalokonstruktsіy mill, i klepalnі zvarnі z'єdnannya. Zveratyut uwagi on nayavnіst trіschin, deformatsіy, relief Rivet z'єdnan, mill hook, detalі yogo pіdvіski that INSHI defects.

Result Look around oformlyayut act yaky prikladaєtsya to passports i tap zberіgaєtsya to the following oposvіdchennya.

Viprobuvannya Got static on metі perevіriti mіtsnіst crane i yogo vantazhnu stіykіst Shlyakhov pіdnyattya Vantage, scho yogo perevischuє Normal vantazhopіdyomnіst 25%.

When static viprobuvannі Vantage pіdnіmayut on visota 200-300 od rіvnya zemlі vitrimuyut i have pіdvіshenomu stanі protyagom 10hv, pіslya chogo yogo opuskayut and tap oglyadayut s metoyu viyavlennya zalishkovih deformatsіy.

For viznachennya zalishkovih deformatsіy on metalokonstruktsії crane zakrіplyuyut on thin dart Vantage vagoyu 200-300g i yogo vіdmіchayut position. Pіslya viprobuvannya crane Vantage to dart from vipadku vіdsutnostі zalishkovoї deformatsії poperednє loan provisions. When nayavnostі deformatsії z'yasovuyuyut її reason, docks її not viznachat crane to the robot does not dopuskayut.

When static viprobuvannі strіlovih kranіv strіla vstanovlyuєtsya have provisions scho vіdpovіdaє naymenshіy stіykostі crane, while quiet, scho toil mehanіzm for zmіni Villota strіli at naymenshomu i naybіlshomu Villota strіli (bashtovі, Crawler іn i.).

Crane vvazhaєtsya such scho vitrimav viprobuvannya, Yakscho protyagom 10hv pіdnyaty Vantage opustivsya not on the ground, not viyavleno zalishkovoї deformatsії, trіschin abo іnshih poshkodzhen.

Yakscho result of static viprobuvannya pozitivnі conducting dinamіchne viprobuvannya.

Dinamіchne viprobuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya Vantage, scho 10% perevischuє crane vantazhopіdyomnіst. When tsomu perevіryaєtsya nadіynіst vsіh mehanіzmіv Cranes robotі. Especially uwagi zvertayut on dіyu Galmier, aparata upravlіnnya, priladіv scho zabezpechuyut BEZPEKA that іn ..

Result tehnіchnogo oposvіdchennya zapisuyut have a passport i tap vkazuyut termіn the following viprobuvannya.