Fіnansove right - Vіhrov OP

Subject 13. PRAVOVІ ambush CURRENCY REGULYUVANNYA

Plan

  1. Osoblivostі legal regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin.
  2. Operatsії s іnozemnoyu currencies, scho dozvolyayutsya zakonodavstvom Ukraine.
  3. Foreign exchange control. Vіdpovіdalnіst for currency zakonodavstva torn down.

1. Osoblivostі legal regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin

UKRAINE yak samostіyna Power zdіysnyuє zovnіshnotorgovelnі that INSHI ekonomіchnі zv'yazki іz zarubіzhnimi kraїnami through svoї organic upovnovazhenі that her place the i organіzatsії. Mode zdіysnennya Monetary operatsіy on teritorії Ukraine, zagalnі principles of monetary regulyuvannya, povnovazhennya Reigning organіv i funktsії bankіv that іnshih kreditnofіnansovih SET Ukraine in foreign currency regulyuvannі operatsіy, right i obov'yazki sub'єktіv Monetary vіdnosin ustanovlenі Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Decree of Ukraine "On the system of currency regulyuvannya i currency control "od 19.02. 1993 r., And takozh іnshimi acts of currency zakonodavstva.

Velika Quantity REGULATORY aktіv scho regulyuyut valyutnі vіdnosini, vidaє Natsіonalny Bank of Ukraine.

Valyutnі vіdnosini skladayutsya in sferі fіnansovoї dіyalnostі powers pov'yazanі i s її roll in rozpodіlі i pererozpodіlі gross product vnutrіshnogo s metoyu utvorennya i vikoristannya neobhіdnih suspіlstvu Monetary fondіv.

In Ukraїnі to such fondіv nalezhat Reigning Monetary Fund respublіkansky (Avtonomnoї Respublіki Cream) Monetary Fund, mіstsevі valyutnі Fondi, scho i utvoryuyutsya vikoristovuyutsya vikonavchimi authorities mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya and takozh valyutnі Fondi Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb, Gromadska organіzatsіy, іnshih osіb. Sered them slіd rozrіznyati derzhavnі tsentralіzovanі that detsentralіzovanі funds, and takozh Fondi, SSMSC Vlasnyi derzhavі not nalezhat.

Vіdpovіdno to stattі 14 Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Decree of Ukraine "On the system of currency control regulyuvannya i" Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine zabezpechuє formuvannya Sovereign Monetary Fund:

koshtіv for rakhunok Sovereign budget in furrows sum vidatkіv, zatverdzhenih Supreme Radoyu Ukraine;

Shlyakhov kupіvlі Monetary tsіnnostey mіzhbankіvskomu on the foreign exchange market of Ukraine for abo pogodzhennyam Natsіonalnim s Bank of Ukraine on mіzhnarodnomu foreign exchange market;

Shlyakhov obsession kreditіv in іnozemnіy valyutі in furrows zatverdzhenogo Supreme Radoyu Ukraine lіmіtu zovnіshnogo Sovereign Borg Ukraine;

for rakhunok іnshih nadhodzhen, peredbachenih chinnim zakonodavstvom.

Vіdpovіdno to vischenavedenoї stattі Rada Mіnіstrіv Avtonomnoї Respublіki Krim, mіstsevі derzhavnі admіnіstratsії, vikonavchі Support Committees mіstsevih glad formuyut vіdpovіdno respublіkansky (Avtonomnoї Respublіki Cream) is the mіstsevі valyutnі Fondi Shlyakhov pridbannya іnozemnoї currency on mіzhbankіvskomu foreign exchange market of Ukraine for rakhunok koshtіv vіdpovіdnih byudzhetіv in furrows zatverdzhenih Supreme Radoyu Avtonomnoї Respublіki Krim, mіstsevimi radami sum vidatkіv and takozh for rakhunok іnshih nadhodzhen, peredbachenih chinnim zakonodavstvom, i vistupayut rozporyadnikami koshtіv Tsikh fondіv.

INSHI sub'єkti formuyut svoї valyutnі Fondi Shlyakhov pridbannya currency for rakhunok Vlasnyi that zapozichenih koshtіv yak on mіzhbankіvskomu foreign exchange market of Ukraine, so i for rakhunok Monetary nadhodzhen scho zalishayutsya in їhnomu rozporyadzhennі.

Galuzo Monetary vіdnosin skladayut, s one side, a wide range of foreign exchange mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin, s іnshogo rіznomanіtnі vnutrіshnoderzhavnі (vnutrіshnі) valyutnі vіdnosini. Mіzhnarodnі valyutnі vіdnosini carols Svoge manifested in the form of furrows rіznomanіtnih spіvpratsі kraїn: when zdіysnennі zovnіshnoї torgіvlі, nadannі ekonomіchnoї i tehnіchnoї Relief, in the Branch spіlnoї dіyalnostі kapіtalovkladen, mіzhnarodnih transported that іn.

Vnutrіshnoderzhavnі valyutnі vіdnosini ohoplyuyut suspіlnі zv'yazki scho organіzuyutsya powers when i rozroblennі provedennі natsіonalnoї valyutnoї polіtiki in zv'yazku s utvorennyam, rozpodіlom i vikoristannyam tsentralіzovanih i detsentralіzovanih Monetary fondіv, neobhіdnih for vikonannya Pevnyi sub'єktami svoїh funktsіy.

Valyutnі vіdnosini Je rіznovidom fіnansovih vіdnosin i toil deyakі spetsifіchnі osoblivostі:

1) valyutnі vіdnosini skladayutsya in sferі fіnansovoї dіyalnostі powers, yak chіtko reglamentuє order utvorennya i vikoristannya tsentralіzovanih i detsentralіzovanih Monetary fondіv;

2) bezposerednіm drive for viniknennya Monetary vіdnosin Je zdіysnyuvana powers Planova dіyalnіst s utvorennya i vikoristannya neobhіdnih Monetary fondіv. Tsі Endowment for svoїm zmіstom Je penny, ale spetsifіchnoyu for them Yea that rice role scho Tsikh pennies in vіdnosinah vіdіgrayut valyutnі tsіnnostі;

3) Monetary ob'єktom vіdnosin Je valyutnі tsіnnostі scho Yea zasobom payment in mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkah, abo Ti, scho shaping can Buti surogatom such rozrahunkovih zasobіv, tobto groshі. Tse i stosuєtsya zobov'yazan, pov'yazanih s utvorennyam i vikoristannyam Monetary fondіv;

4) Monetary osoblivіst vіdnosin vladnomaynovogo nature polyagaє in ekvіvalentnomu, tobto dvostoronnomu rusі groshovoї that tovarnoї forms mіzh sub'єktami. In Tsikh vіdnosinah vіdbuvaєtsya not pererozpodіl vartostі and pererozpodіl Chastain penny koshtіv for Relief yakih mozhlivі mіzhnarodny obmіn that fіnansove spіvrobіtnitstvo;

5) valyutnі vіdnosini regulyuyutsya not tіlki standards fіnansovogo, ale th іnshih, Perche for all tsivіlnogo, Galuzo rights tobto Je Complex. Ale yuridichnі norm, scho їh regulyuyut, skladayut okremy іnstitut fіnansovogo rights oskіlki vіdznachayutsya ob'єktom Especially, the method that the principles of legal regulyuvannya and takozh znachimіstyu for suspіlnogo Zhittya.

Pid mehanіzmom legal regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin slіd rozumіti sukupnіst taken from svoїy organіchnіy єdnostі that vzaєmozv'yazku legal zasobіv for Relief yakih power zdіysnyuє vpliv on suspіlnі vіdnosini, pov'yazanі s utvorennyam, rozpodіlom i vikoristannyam Monetary fondіv. Tsey mehanіzm Got deyakі RISS, SSMSC viznachayutsya subject is the method regulovanih suspіlnih vіdnosin.

Osoblivіstyu mehanіzmu legal regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin yak spetsifіchnogo rіznovidu fіnansovih Je їh Especially vladnomaynova nature, yak viznachaєtsya rozroblenoyu powers Modell funktsіonuvannya natsіonalnogo foreign exchange market of Ukraine, in the forms uchastі rezidentіv іnozemnih mіzhnarodnih is the foreign exchange market, participation in yakih dozvolyaєtsya zakonodavstvom Ukraine.

W side powers to regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin, yak i in tsіlomu for fіnansovo legal regulyuvannya, characteristic zastosuvannya іmperativnih pripisіv in furrows yakih zakonodavtsem dopuskaєtsya mozhlivіst pevnoї vladnoї povedіnki uchasnikіv Tsikh suspіlnih zv'yazkіv. Valyutnі vіdnosini in tsіlomu regulyuyutsya for Relief usіh troh zasobіv legal regulyuvannya (pripisu, allowed zaboroni i).

Legal regime of foreign exchange in vіdnosin Ukraїnі mozhna viznachiti yak mode Monetary obmezhen.

Sutnіst this regime polyagaє in zakonodavchіy admіnіstrativnіy zaboronі abo, abo lіmіtuvannі reglamentatsії operatsіy abo s currency Monetary tsіnnostyami. The introduction of currency obmezhen Mauger diktuvatisya ekonomіchnimi abo polіtichnimi reasons.

Valyutnі obmezhennya polyagayut in doruchennі keruvati Monetary operatsіyami Natsіonalnomu bank lіtsenzuvannі Monetary operatsіy, mozhlivostі blokuvannya Monetary rahunkіv; Until recently hour vimozі obov'yazkovogo sale of half foreign exchange vitorgu eksporterіv Natsіonalnomu bank.

One vazhlivih s Monetary obmezhen Je zaborona obіgu i vikoristannya іnozemnih currency yak platіzhnogo zasobu.

So rank, zakonodavstvo Ukraine vstanovlyuє zagalny dozvіl conduct currency operatsіy, Suvorov ale in obmezhenomu order i at zaboronі zdіysnennya Pevnyi Act reasonably. Zgіdno s vkazanim zagalnim allowed Specific cutaneous sub'єkt right Got Booty vlasnikom Monetary tsіnnostey s usіma povnovazhennyami scho tsogo s viplivayut, volodіnnya, koristuvannya, rozporyadzhennya Monetary tsіnnostyami. Ale at zagalnomu dozvolі іsnuyut pevnі obmezhennya scho vstanovlenі "Order vikoristannya іnozemnoї currency yak zasobu payment on teritorії Ukraine", zatverdzheny Holds Pravlіnnya Natsіonalnogo Bank of Ukraine od 16.05.1995 p. Number 125, іz zmіnami that dopovnennyami:

1) regulyuvannya perekazіv platezhіv that for a cordon, vivozu kapіtalu, repatrіatsії pributkіv, gold penny znakіv that tsіnnih paperіv;

2) obmezhennya vіlnoї kupіvlі that sale іnozemnoї currency, that the introduction of obov'yazkovogo sale derzhavі іnozemnoї currency in obmіn on natsіonalnu currency for ofіtsіynim rate (at a time tse in Ukraїnі skasovano), ale not zakonodavchim body and Natsіonalnim Bank;

3) Monetary zoseredzhennya operatsіy in Central abo spetsіalno upovnovazhenih banks;

4) control over stvorennyam that lіkvіdatsієyu avuarіv rezidentіv in kraїnі (Holdings tse Costa, scho abo nalezhat residents to non-residents in i znahodyatsya іnozemnih banks);

5) control of stvorennyam that lіkvіdatsієyu avuarіv nerezidentіv uchasnikіv Monetary operatsіy in kraїnі;

6) Control of іnvestuvannyam nerezidentіv ekonomіku in Ukraine that rezidentіv in ekonomіku іnshih kraїn;

7) zdіysnennya deklaruvannya, poperednogo permitted, control abo zaboroni in zdіysnennі okremih vidіv Monetary operatsіy.

Navedenі vische valyutnі obmezhennya mozhut vistupati i in іnshih forms.

Basis of legal regulyuvannya Monetary vіdnosin Je valyutnopravovі norms. Pong dopuskayut Pevnyi dispozitivnіst for sub'єktіv Monetary pravovіdnosin. Vodnochase tsі normalized toil harakternі for vsіh fіnansovo legal norms otsіnki derzhavnovladny character іmperativnіst i kategorichnіst pripisіv. Tse directly viplivaє s valyutnoї polіtiki powers.

Pravovі vіdnosini scho viplivayut s Monetary operatsіy, harakterizuyutsya Especially warehouse sub'єktіv, їh rights i obov'yazkami and takozh ob'єktom Monetary tsіnnostyami.

Decree Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv of Ukraine "On the system of currency exchange control regulyuvannya i" to the Monetary tsіnnostey vіdnosit yak currency of Ukraine, so i іnozemnu currency; at tsomu pid іnozemnoyu currency slіd rozumіti:

іnozemnі groshovі signs at viglyadі banknotіv, kaznacheyskih bіletіv, coins, scho perebuvayut in obіgu that Je Laws platіzhnimi zasobami on teritorії vіdpovіdnoї іnozemnoї powers and takozh viluchenі s obіgu abo takі scho viluchayutsya s Demba, ale pіdlyagayut obmіnovі on groshovі signs SSMSC perebuvayut in obіgu;

Costa in penny odinitsyah іnozemnih powers i mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkovih (klіringovih) odinitsyah scho perebuvayut on rahunkah abo contributing to bankіvskih that іnshih kreditnofіnansovih SET mezhami for Ukraine;

platіzhnі document and that INSHI tsіnnі Paper the (aktsії, oblіgatsії coupons to them vekselі (draft), borgovі rozpiski, letter of credit, checks, bankіvskі judgment, depozitnі sertifіkati, INSHI fіnansovі that bankіvskі document virazhenі in іnozemnіy valyutі abo monetary metals);

monetarnі threw gold i threw іridієvoplatinovoї groupies in whether viglyadі Money Does that stanі for vinyatkom yuvelіrnih, Promyslova pobutovih virobіv i s i Tsikh metalіv bruhtu Tsikh metalіv.

Participants Monetary pravovіdnosin vistupayut upovnovazhenі banks, resident, nonresident, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut valyutnі operatsії, suspіlnoteritorіalnі utvorennya, kolektivnі sub'єkti, іndivіdualnі sub'єkti.

Upovnovazheny Bank tse whether yaky komertsіyny bank ofіtsіyno zareєstrovany on teritorії Ukraine, scho Got lіtsenzіyu Natsіonalnogo Bank of Ukraine on zdіysnennya Monetary operatsіy and takozh zdіysnyuє currency control over operatsіyami svoїh klієntіv. Lіtsenzіyu on zdіysnennya Monetary operatsіy toil not OAO All banks in zareєstrovanі Respublіkanskіy knizі reєstratsії bankіv, currency bіrzh i fіnansovo CREDIT SET and deprivation Ti, Yakima lіtsenzіya Nada in spetsіalnomu order. For torn down currency regulations Natsіonalny Bank of Ukraine Mauger pozbaviti tsі lіtsenzії banks.

In zdіysnennі valyutnoї robots bere involving a wide colo Reigning organіv zagalnoї that spetsіalnoї kompetentsії.

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, krіm zakonodavchih funktsіy, zatverdzhuє viznacheny Kabіnetom Mіnіstrіv Ukraine lіmіt zovnіshnogo sovereign Borg. Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine spіlno Natsіonalnim s Bank of Ukraine skladaє platіzhny balance of Ukraine, zabezpechuє vikonannya byudzhetnoї i podatkovoї polіtiki in chastinі scho stosuєtsya Ruhu Monetary tsіnnostey. Krіm of vіn zabezpechuє formuvannya i rozporyadzhaєtsya Reigning Monetary Fund.

In exchange sferі regulyuvannya wide povnovazhennyami nadіleny Natsіonalny Bank of Ukraine. On Demba very hard zdіysnennya valyutnoї polіtiki, vihodyachi s printsipіv zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї polіtiki Ukraine. Natsіonalny Bank kontrolyuє dotrimannya lіmіtu zovnіshnogo sovereign Borg i viznachaє at neobhіdnostі lіmіti zaborgovanostі in іnozemnіy valyutі bankamnerezidentam. Natsіonalny nadіleny Bank in furrows, vstanovlenih Monetary zakonodavstvom, normotvorchimi povnovazhennyami in the Branch zdіysnennya operatsіy on the foreign exchange market of Ukraine; Yogo acti Je obov'yazkovimi for vsіh Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb i vstupayut into force in rows vstanovleny Natsіonalnim bank.

Before kompetentsії Natsіonalnogo bank nalezhit nakopichennya. zberіgannya i vikoristannya rezervіv Monetary tsіnnostey for zdіysnennya derzhavnoї valyutnoї polіtiki, vstanovlennya sposobіv viznachennya i vikoristannya foreign exchange (obmіnnih) kursіv іnozemnih currencies virazhenih valyutі in Ukraine, foreign exchange kursіv tsіnnostey, virazhenih in іnozemnіy valyutі abo rozrahunkovih (klіringovih) odinitsyah. Natsіonalny Bank kontrolyuє svoєchasne nadannya zvіtіv i dokumentatsії about valyutnі operatsії for vstanovlenimi him єdinimi forms i publіkuє zvіti about vlasnі operatsії upovnovazhenih bankіv.

Zgіdno s statte 68 Law of Ukraine "About mіstseve samovryaduvannya in Ukraine" organic mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya mozhut mother pozabyudzhetnі tsіlovі valyutnі Costa, SSMSC perebuvayut on spetsіalnih rahunkah banks.