Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

8. Fіlosofіya Zhittya

W the middle of the XIX century. in єvropeyskіy fіlosofії pochinaє formuvatisya new (Suchasna) fіlosofska paradigm. Vaughn protistavlyaє panuyuchomu ratsіonalіstichnomu directly klasichnіy іntelektualnіy traditsії alternativnі orієntatsії in zmіstі fіlosofstvuvannya: ob'єktivіzmu -sub'єktivіzm, naturalіstichnomu stsієntizmu - gumanіzm, ratsіonalіzmu - іrratsіonalіzm, determіnіzmu - voluntarism mehanіstichnіy unіtarnostі Butt - "vіtalny" unіversum "nesvіdomih potyagіv" Activity "vibuhіv" Volya "zhittєvih porivіv" toscho. In zahіdnoєvropeyskіy fіlosofії vіdbuvaєtsya seryozne zrushennya: on Purshia plan vistupayut zdebіlshogo sub'єktivіstskі that іrratsіonalіstichnі kontseptsії.

Neklasichna (Suchasna) fіlosofіya demonstruє galaxy vidatnih mislitelіv, SSMSC zbagatili fіlosofsku culture glibokimi i proniklivimi іdeyami scho vіdobrazili dosyagnennya science that INSHI PARTIES materіalnogo i spiritual rozvitku Helsinki Human. Zahіdna fіlosofіya tsogo perіodu - tse bike rozmaїttya shkіl, kontseptsіy i napryamіv. A s they - "fіlosofіya life", Central ponyattya yakoї - "life" yak potіk neskіnchennogo, mіnlivogo, nevlovnogo ratsіonalnimi methods pіznannya i in the same hour CREATIVE i productive for kozhnoї Helsinki Human іsnuvannya - protistavlyaєtsya traditsіynomu ponyattyu Butt yak chogos nezmіnnogo, osnovopolozhnogo, umodosyazhnogo .

Klyuchovі words

uyavlennya, voluntarism, romanticism, sub'єktivіzm, іrratsіonalіzm, lіbіdo, sublіmatsіya, archetypes, nesvіdome, іntuїtivіzm, psychoanalysis, "nadlyudina"

8.1. SMISLOVІ ORІЄNTATSІЇ NEKLASICHNOЇ FІLOSOFІЇ

"Yea Zhittya those materinske bosom Where Money Does narodzhuyutsya OAO All yogo manifest: i drіmotna, Povny neskіnchennih mozhlivostey i Mriy, nіchna svіdomіst, i Denna svіdomіst, KOTRA porodzhuє fіlosofsku Naukova Dumka i knowledge."

Bulgakov

Klasichna fіlosofіya pragnula to sistematichnoї tsіlіsnostі, monіstichnoї zavershenostі In osnovі tsogo pragnennya lay Vira in natural vporyadkovanіst svіtovlashtuvannya available ratsіonalnomu osyagnennyu. Vaughn vihodila s uyavlennya about garmonіyu mіzh organіzatsієyu Butt i sub'єktivnoyu organіzatsієyu Helsinki Human. Ukorіnena in tsomu svіtoporyadku, yak Person of rozglyadalas Chastina іstorichnogo Progreso. OAO All Glibin svіtovih zv'yazkіv, vklyuchayuchi vnutrіshnіy's World samoї Helsinki Human, vvazhalisya available for samousvіdomlyu-yuchogo sub'єkta. In osnovі traditsіynoї etiki lіberalnogo suspіlstva lay іdeї Helsinki Human supremacy over nature, over prіoritetu Rozum Vira i addicted to nestrimny Postup Svobody i spravedlivostі.

W Druha half of the XIX century. tsі traditsіynі tsіnnostі OPIN pid zagrozoyu. Rozvitok suspіlnih Sciences privіv to vіdkrittya Sistemi іnshih moral tsіnnostey and rozvitok psihologії - rozumіnnya to the fact scho our povedіnka zdebіlshogo obumovlena reasons neusvіdomlenimi i nekontro-lovanimi. Area nesvіdomogo viyavilasya Shirshov outside the scope svіdomostі i uniquely Shirshov outside the scope Rozum. Svіdomіst, Rozum could not vzhe bіlshe pretenduvati on єdino correctly otsіnku realnostі. Zvіdsi zmіna yakіsnih kriterіїv spiritual іntelektualnoї dіyalnostі. Location ratsіonalnogo samoobmezhennya, stabіlnostі, moralnoї nedostatnostі i nepovnoti zastupaє etika іndivіdualnoї freedom, samozdіysnennya, povnoї samorealіzatsії. Vinikaє Novi іntelektualny eg - "fіlosofіya life". On protivagu klasichnіy fіlosofії, Won sumnіvaєtsya in іstorichnomu progresі, stverdzhuє vіdnosnіst іstini, іrratsіonalnіst sotsіalnogo Received i samoї dushі Helsinki Human. On Location in Pershe nіy visuvaєtsya іdeya vivchennya Zhittya okremoї Helsinki Human, vazhlivostі the Same yogo analіzu for fіlosofії. Nesvіdome, pіdsvіdome that will melt іntuїtsіya centers fіlosofskoї antropologії. Smislovim center tsogo directly staє ponyattya "life" yak Pervin, fundamental realnіst, organіchna tsіlіsnіst.

"Fіlosofіya life", s yakoї pochinaєtsya Suchasna fіlosofіya, vinikaє drugіy polovinі in the XIX century., In perevazhno Nіmechchinі. Osnovnі predstavniki tsogo directly - Aіltey V., G. Zіmmel, O. Spengler, A. Bergson, X. The Ortega-i-Gasset, F. Nіtsshe. Ostannіy saying about itself at vsіh areas novіtnogo fіlosofskogo mislennya. Ponyattya "life" protistavlyaєtsya ponyattyu "Butt" in klasichnіy fіlosofії. Zhittya bіlsh pervіsne, nіzh podіl on sub'єkt ob'єkt i, i materіyu spirit Butt i svіdomіst. The phenomenon of "life" Got folding, superechlivy, mіnlivy CREATIVE character.

Іrratsіonalne in svoїy osnovі, nіkoli i nіkim not peredbachuvane, Zhittya Mauger deprivation pіznavatisya pozaіntelektualno, іntuїtivno, figurative simvolіchno. Zhittya - tse "zhivy potіk" to vono not Mauger Buti virazhene for Relief fіlosofskih kategorіy klasychnoji fіlosofії, orієntovanih on science, on pіznannya stіykogo i nezmіnnogo, on the principle of totozhnostі Butt i mislennya.

Golovna formula "fіlosofії life" - not "Zhittya culture" (postulate klasychnoji fіlosofії), and "for Zhittya culture". Tsim pіdkreslyuєtsya samotsіnnіst, dorogotsіnnіst Zhittya, vlastive Yomou pragnennya prodovzhiti svoє іsnuvannya. "Naturalіstichny Rozum" New mislitelіv hour - tse Rozum, yaky spiraєtsya on prirodnicho-naukovі kriterії naukovostі However uspіhi prirodnichih Sciences (yak pіznannya speeches) rіzko kontrastuyut s їh bezsillyam before Vlasnyi lyudskimi problems. Aje Lyudin, zaznachav X. Ortega-i-Gasset - tse not tіlo, not a soul, not substantsіya, not spirit, and zhittєva drama, KOTRA vіdbuvaєtsya in Pevnyi obstavinah i viyavlyaє his chasі.

Mehanіstichnostі, zastiglostі yak risam "naturalіstichnogo

"Zhittya not Mauger Buti Institution ni tion to prostіshogo for yourself Hoca sama vono vililosya s Dzherela Zhittya, zhivih God, not the dead. Vono Yea those pershonacha-lo, in the yak yak upiraєtsya in his Mezhuyev fіlosofska samosvіdomіst. Vono not Mauger Buti vivedene ni s whether yakih reasons i in tsomu rozumіnnі divom Yea, Yea vono freedom, KOTRA panuє neobhіdnіstyu over. "

Bulgakov

Rozum "yaky truncated rozkladaє at Chastain, fіlosofi Zhittya protistavlyayut organіchnіst i tsіlіsnіst" zhittєvogo Rozum ". Naybіlsh ADEQUATE zasobom pіznannya Zhittya vistupayut іntuїtivnі Basics of tvorchostі, hudozhnіy image mіf metaphor. Dialectic Helsinki Human Je not dіalektikoyu logіchnogo Rozum (for svoєyu Sutta static) and dіalektikoyu іstorichnogo Rozum, yaky zavzhdi is staying in stanovlennі i zmіnі