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Strahuvannya - Osadets SS

Chastina STRAHUVANNYA 1. Location of I Yogo In UPRAVLІNNІ RIZIKAMI

Rozdіl 1. Sutnіst, the principle role i strahuvannya

1.1. Neobhіdnіst i Zahist forms of insurance

People tsіlkom natural pragnut zahistitisya od nebezpeki scho zagrozhuє їm vtratoyu Zhittya, Health Protection, Zhitlo, harchіv i t. Іn. Require in zahistі duzhe blizka to їhnіh Pervin (fіzіologіchnih) zapitіv that іnteresіv. W urіznomanіtnennyam іnteresіv Helsinki Human uskladnyuyutsya th attribute її BEZPEKA.

Protyagom usogo іstorichnogo high road rozvitku lyudske suspіlstvo in kozhnіy sferі svoєї dіyalnostі stikaєtsya іz superechnostyami mіzh by nature i Lyudin and takozh mіzh okremimi sub'єktami suspіlnih vіdnosin. Tsі superechnostі zumovlyuyut appeared nespriyatlivih podіy - rizikіv, Sereda yakih viokremlyuyut stihіyne famously i neschasnі vipadki.

Stihіyne famously - Tse vipadok, sprichineny ruynіvnoyu dієyu Nature, yak ohoplyuє, zdebіlshogo, generally produces considerable teritorіyu i to materіalnih digit zbitkіv abo zagibelі chi vtrati Zdorov'ya bagatoh people.

Neschasnі vipadki - Tse takі podії, SSMSC through nespriyatlivy zbіg obstavin (napriklad, vnaslіdok road transportnoї useful) tyagnut yourselves zagibel chi vtratu Zdorov'ya okremih osіb abo їh groupies.

Potentsіyna mozhlivіst nastannya stihіynogo Lehigh neschasnih that іnshih neperedbachuvanih vipadkіv, SSMSC prizvodyat to zbitkіv abo omissions Vigoda, becoming sutnіst riziku.

Spirayuchis on svіy bagatovіkovy dosvіd, lyudstvo vzhivaє dedalі efektivnіshih zahodіv in protistoyannі stihіynim yavischam. Pіdvischuyutsya vimogi to budіvnitstva ob'єktіv, zastosovuyutsya schorazu doskonalіshі іnzhenernі konstruktsії, vognetrivkі that INSHI Zaporizhya іzolyatsіynі materіali, sporudzhuyutsya greblі, bіlsha uwagi pridіlyaєtsya bezpetsі ekspluatatsії the agriculture zasobіv toscho.

Prote kontsentratsіya virobnitstva that uskladnennya yogo tehnologіy, obsession th zastosuvannya novih hіmіchnih rechovin, energetichnih resursіv, shvidkіsnih i bagatotonnazhnih the agriculture zasobіv, posilennya krimіnogennih yavisch - deprivation deyakі s quiet chinnikіv axis SSMSC primnozhuyut novі riziki.

The share of Ukraine AIAI naybіlsha s vіdomih svіtі from man-made disasters - avarіya on Chornobilskіy atomnіy elektrostantsії scho zavdala zbitkіv Ponad for the amount of 140 billion dollars. Yakscho taka avarіya Je vinyatkom then Pozhezhi on virobnichih, Communal i zhitlovih ob'єktah, injury to transportі i in pobutі, zabrudnennya navkolishnogo seredovischa that INSHI lokalnі podії traplyayutsya in nashіy kraїnі practical Schodnya.

Velikі riziki zumovlyuyutsya th novimi hvorobami (napriklad, SNІD) epіdemіyami іnfektsіynih zahvoryuvan, injury to the one in virobnitstvі pobutі. He can be takozh not to take up uwagi rizikіv for Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb, SSMSC dedalі pіdsilyuyutsya Zi zrostannyam zlochinnostі, poshirennyam narkomanії that alkogolіzmu.

Otzhe, sumarno vpliv rizikіv dosі not zmenshuєtsya. Tse zmushuє whole Svit actively shukati shlyahіv indulgence їh negative vplivu on Zhittya people.

W look around to dovolі rizikovane funktsіonuvannya whether yakogo pіdpriєmstva i do not Mensch rizikovane of residing kozhnoї Helsinki Human іsnuє nagalna require poperedzhuvati th vіdshkodovuvati zbitki scho їh zavdayut rizikovanі obstavini. Without tsogo nemozhlivo zabezpechuvati bezperervnіst processes virobnitstva materіalnih benefits pіdtrimuvati nalezhny rіven Zhittya lyudey.Vіdnosini scho skladayutsya in suspіlstvі s tsogo drive, toil ob'єktivny character i have svoїy sukupnostі formuyut zmіst ekonomіchnoї the category "Insurance Zahist."

Spetsifіka tsієї categories such zumovlena acquaint themselves: vipadkovіstyu riziku; nezvichaynіstyu zapodіyanoї Skoda; mozhlivіstyu virazhennya Skoda in naturalnіy abo groshovіy formі; neobhіdnіstyu Poperedjennia, podolannya naslіdkіv nebazhanoї podії that vіdshkoduvannya zavdanih her zbitkіv. sutnіst insurance Zahist polyagaє in nagromadzhennі th vitrachannі penny that іnshih resursіv for zdіysnennya zahodіv s Poperedjennia, podolannya abo zmenshennya negative vplivu rizikіv i vіdshkoduvannya pov'yazanih іz vtrat them.

To dwellers system zahodіv іz Poperedjennia, podolannya that vіdshkoduvannya vtrat Bula really mozhlivoyu, neobhіdno Chastain gross product spryamovuvati on stvorennya insurance fund suspіlstva.

Zauvazhimo scho sukupny insurance fund Zahist not Got Institution planned chi zvіtnogo decorated, buyout yogo rozmіr harakterizuvalo b. Not іsnuє th spetsіalnogo body upravlіnnya CIM Foundation.

Prior to the insurance fund Zahist nalezhat tsentralіzovanі naturalnі that groshovі reserve powers, detsentralіzovanі funds (in chastinі scho vikoristovuєtsya on pokrittya Skoda, zavdanoї stihіynimi that іnshimi neperedbachuvanimi podіyami - samostrahuvannya) and takozh Fondi, stvoryuvanі strahuvannya method. In furrows Tsikh forms of insurance Zahist Mauger іsnuvati bagato vidіv fondіv tsіlovogo priznachennya.

Rozmіr i fondіv structure vikoristovuvanih іz metoyu insurance Zahist i Yurydychna fіzichnih osіb, stale od bagatoh chinnikіv. Nasampered tse - teoretichnі kontseptsії formuvannya fund mill rozvitku Economy, spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh vlasnostі forms, methods zaluchennya koshtіv for realіzatsії sotsіalnih program, traditsії population mіzhnarodnі vіdnosini toscho.

Vіdomo, scho in kraїnah sotsіalіstichnoї orієntatsії іsnuvala practice vіdnositi vitrati on strahuvannya for rakhunok pributku scho zalishavsya in rozporyadzhennі of companies. In kapіtalіstichnih kraїnah peremogli look, zgіdno s yakimi Jerel popovnennya insurance fund Je vitrati virobnitstva. Rozmіr insurance fund then rozglyadaєtsya yak scrip vitrat scho їh bere on itself suspіlstvo abo okremy vlasnik, kompensuyuchi Skoda, zumovlenu INSURANCE rizikami.

For chasіv Radyanskoї Vladi vlasnіst on zasobi virobnitstva, land її rodovischa, perevazhny obsyag fіnansovih resursіv Reigning Bula. Tom in razі stihіynogo dashing abo іnshogo seryoznogo Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vipadku bіlshіst zbitkіv, yakih conceited pіdpriєmstva, vіdshkodovuvalis іz Reigning koshtіv. For tsogo stvoryuvalis rezervnі fund at CPCP Uryadov i kozhnoї respublіki, SSMSC were vіdpovіdno to the union that respublіkanskogo budget.

In Ukraїnі for rakhunok i tsentralіzovanih fondіv dosі fіnansuyutsya vitrati, pov'yazanі іz zapobіgannyam that lіkvіdatsієyu poveney, zsuvіv, avarіy on mines i t. Іn.

Zabezpechennyu insurance Zahist dosit Dovgy vіdchutno spriyav pozikovy Reigning Foundation. Especially characteristic Tse Bulo for sіlskogo Gospodarstwa that іnshih Galuzo, pіdpriєmstva yakih otrimuvali velikі Sumi pid loan Season rozbіzhnіst mіzh vitratami virobnitstva that income. On vipadok rіzkogo znizhennya vihodu produktsії through prirodnі anomalії chi s іnshih reasons not fallow od Gospodarstwa, pіdpriєmstvam slapped trivalі (12 rokіv) vіdstrochki in splatі pozik. Nerіdko naprikіntsі vіdstrochki Borg spisuvalisya for rakhunok budget.

Otzhe, poziki for this regime їh vikoristannya chastkovo vikonuvali funktsії strahuvannya. On loan Bulo very hard not vlastivі Yomou funktsії. Zreshtoyu porushuvalisya osnovnі fun- loan: tsіlove priznachennya, materіalne zabezpechennya, termіnovіst i platnіst for koristuvannya and through tse credit utrachav svoї harakternі vlastivostі.

Mayzhe cutaneous mіnіsterstvo chi vіdomstvo on vipadok neperedbachuvanih obstavin few have svoєmu rozporyadzhennі Fondi fіnansovoї pіdtrimki pіdleglih їm Reigning of companies. For rakhunok vіdomchih fondіv could nadavatisya fіnansova dopomoga on popovnennya nestachі werewolf koshtіv, vinikala scho, yak usually not іz fallow od pozichalnika reasons. Often dopomoga slapped on bezpovorotno ambushes. Prote nadannya takoї Relief not regulyuvalosya chіtkimi standards. Tom nerіdko Costa yshli on pokrittya th such zbitkіv, SSMSC zumovlyuvalisya bezgospodarnіstyu in virobnichih formuvannyah, pomilkovimi rіshennyami vischih organіzatsіy.

Tsentralіzovanі Costa powers and takozh Fondi vіdomstv becomes sukupnostі perevazhnu Chastain resursіv scho spryamovuvalisya the insurance Zahist.

Vodnochase іz rozshirennyam rights of companies zrostali mozhlivostі samostrahuvannya for chogo stvoryuvalisya vnutrіshnі naturalnі that groshovі reserves. Takі funds make zmogu pokrivati ​​Skoda, zavdanu perevazhno drіbnimi rizikami.

Perevaga samostrahuvannya polyagaє in fact scho vono dopomagaє quickly vіdshkodovuvati nevelikі zbitki. Krіm of potrіbno not platiti the side strahovі premії, SSMSC toil not deprivation vіdshkoduvati zbitki, zapodіyanі INSURANCE vipadkom and second coverages vitrati s viplati komіsії poserednikam, utrimannya ofіsu i formuvannya pributku insurers.

Income od timchasovogo іnvestuvannya vіlnih koshtіv Tsikh rezervіv takozh chi zalishayutsya yuridichnіy fіzichnіy osobі scho organіzovuє samostrahuvannya. Such a person zavzhdi bezposeredno zatsіkavlena get used zahodіv schodo znizhennya rizikіv. Before w vitrati іz Vlasnyi (vnutrіshnіh) rezervіv bezposeredno, yak usually not stale od naslіdkіv rizikіv on іnshih pіdpriєmstvah.

Prote zaznachenі perevagi detsentralіzovanoї FORMS nagromadzhennya th vikoristannya backup koshtіv viyavlyayutsya deprivation in Pevnyi furrows. Aje in razі samostrahuvannya practical Absent rozpodіlu naslіdkіv riziku. A great (and nerіdko serednіy i) rizik Mauger prizvesti to neobhіdnostі lіkvіduvati pіdpriєmstvo. Samostrahuvannya vimagaє vіdvolіkannya digit resursіv to rezervіv. Krіm of Costa Tsikh fondіv not zoseredzhuyutsya on okremomu rahunku in a jar. Pong perebuvayut in gospodarskomu oborotі i at the time, if real Postan require vikoristati їh for tsіlovim priznachennyam, mozhut perebuvati in nelіkvіdnіy formі. Otzhe, Tsey channel formuvannya koshtіv for insurance Zahist ob'єktivno not Mauger Buti viznachalnim in strukturі sukupnogo insurance fund Zahist.

Fіnansuvannya for rakhunok tsentralіzovanih fondіv poshiryuvalosya on pokrittya vtrat od rizikіv deprivation of companies sovereign sector. Kooperativnі, gromadskі pіdpriєmstva th deprivation of the population do not go up samostrahuvannya and organіzovuvali th Zahist svoїh materіalnih іnteresіv on vipadok riziku for rakhunok koshtіv fondіv scho stvoryuvalisya zavdyaki strahuvannyu. So you can not Bulo nagromadzhuvati Costa deprivation on Zahist lane, and the second on virіshennya sotsіalnih low power (strahuvannya on vipadok postіynoї abo timchasovoї vtrati pratsezdatnostі, strahuvannya on dozhittya, dovesіlne strahuvannya toscho). Prote vіdnosno nizky rіven dohodіv population galmuvav rozvitok zaznachenih vidіv strahuvannya.

Otzhe, oskіlki in planovіy tsentralіzovanіy ekonomіtsі perevazhala Derzhavna vlasnostі form, the second is the methodical spetsifіchnі FORMS її Zahist vіdsunuli strahuvannya on another plane.

Zauvazhimo, scho i fondіv warehouse structure for insurance priznachenih Zahist, printsipovo zmіnyuyutsya in perіod postupovogo transition to Economy rinkovogo type. Aje rozderzhavlennya vlasnostі vimagaє vіdpovіdnih Change log in i її insurance zahistі. Pong toil spryamovuvatisya of acceptance to the insurance rіshen about Zahist od Malih rizikіv on rіvnі pіdpriєmstva, rozshirennya between samofіnansuvannya.

On pіdpriєmstvah dotsіlno mother riziku fund. Chinne zakonodavstvo daє zmogu dovoditi yogo rozmіr to 25% od sumi statutory fund. Vazhlivo, Costa dwellers, priznachenі for insurance Zahist, postіyno perebuvali in lіkvіdnіy formі.

Teper uniquely Mensch mіroyu, nіzh in minulі chasi, vikoristovuyutsya tsentralіzovanі groshovі reserve powers to vіdnovlennya Lane, znischenogo abo poshkodzhenogo stihієyu chi іnshim dashing. Here poznachayutsya zmіni vlasnostі forms.

Digit weakened the role of the insurance zahistі i pozikovogo fund. Vіn stopped Buti єdinim Reigning Foundation. Perebudova bankіvskoї right side of the komertsіynih ambushes zooms appeared hundreds vіdnosno autonomous pozikovih fondіv. Cutaneous Bank samostіyno volodіє Pevnyi resources. Banks zdebіlshogo, not zmozі i do not toil ekonomіchnogo іnteresu nadavati trivalі (on kіlka rokіv) is the second slit at bezvіdsotkovih ambushes vіdstrochki Povernennya pozik. Not mozhut rozrahovuvati pіdpriєmstva i on fіnansovu pіdtrimku galuzevih mіnіsterstv i vіdomstv. Rezervnі Fondi lіkvіdovano at Tsikh bodies.

On organіzatsії samostrahuvannya sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya negatively Items marked zhorstka podatkovih polіtika. Perevazhna Chastina of companies pozbavlena through tse mozhlivostі mother in svoєmu rozporyadzhennі neobhіdnі groshovі rezervnі funds.

Otzhe, mozhlivostі zabezpechennya insurance Zahist for rakhunok perelіchenih schoyno Jerel duzhe obmezhenі. Oznachaє Tse, scho nadalі bіlshe navantazhennya Got pripadati to the Fund, stvoryuvanі zavdyaki strahuvannyu. Yakscho to tsogo Add your zavdannya s pereorієntatsії prog sotsіalnogo Zahist gromadyan (receptionists Health Protection, pensіyne zabezpechennya, chastkovo Osvita) on strahovі ambush, yak tse zrobleno in kraїnah іz rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu, the prospect posilennya rolі strahuvannya in sistemі insurance Zahist staє obvious.

Looking around at the W Tales z'yasuєmo round strahuvannya, yogo evolyutsіyu and takozh rozkriєmo sutnіst, funktsії, osnovnі Principi d strahuvannya role in Nashomu suspіlstvі.