Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

15.2. HRISTIYANSKY EVOLYUTSІONІZM P. Teilhard de Chardin

Location digit in suchasnіy relіgіyno-fіlosofskіy dumtsі zaymaє hristiyansky evolyutsіonіzm P'єra Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955 pp.), Mislitelya, іm'ya yakogo often zgaduєtsya on storіnkah fіlosofskih Vidanov. Share kontseptsії Teilhard de Chardin, yak i її Creator, sklalas nezvichayno. Vihovanets єzuїtskogo College, 18 rokіv vіn vstupaє to "Order Іsusa" i yogo pass away dіyalnіst pid control katolitskoї church. Sche in koledzhі Chardin zahoplyuєtsya prirodoznavstvom i yogo pіslya zakіnchennya s blessing єzuїtіv prisvyativ currently vivchennyu

"Mi no sumnіvu, usvіdomlyuєmo scho vseredinі us vіdbuvaєtsya schos bіlsh bike i bіlsh neobhіdne, nіzh mi samі: schos, yak i іsnuvalo to us, Mabuchi, іsnuvalo b i without us; TAKE schos in chomu We live i can not chogo mi vicherpati; schos, yak serve us, at the fact scho mi Yomou not gospodarі; schos Takeo, scho zbiraє odne us. "

P. Teilhard de Chardin

geologії that paleontologії. One s pershovіdkrivachіv Sinanthropus, for Zhittya vіn CCB vіdomy at Naukova kolah yak vidatny prirododoslіdnik, pratsі yakogo zdobuli zagalne viznannya. Zanyattya prirodoznavstvom not Bulo for Chardin samotsіllyu, vіn namagavsya on yogo osnovі modernіzuvati svіtoglyadnu kontseptsіyu Christianity. Tsya obstavina led yogo in 1925 p. to zіtknennya s kerіvnitstvom Order. Chardin, on the hour profesorovі katolitskogo іnstitutu in Parizhі, zaboronili publіchnu dіyalnіst, okrіm Sotho naukovoї; censorship Vatican pripinila publіkatsіyu yogo fіlosofskih Prace. Lachey pіslya smertі Chardin Bulo ever heard yogo create, i Navkolo them vіdrazu Well rozgornulasya wide diskusіya in yakіy took the fate of Catholics is not deprivation, and th predstavniki vsіh fіlosofskih napryamіv on Zahodі.

Teilhard de Chardin vvazhaєtsya svoєrіdnim predstavnikom relіgіynogo modernіzmu, yavischa collapsible that superechlivogo. In yogo sistemі digit Location posіdayut Elements Naukova svіtoglyadu that іdeї gumanіzmu, scho was the cause of the weakening zahisnoї sotsіalnoї funktsії relіgії. Prote on the cob 70 pp., Nezvazhayuchi on priynyatі ranіshe sanktsії Vatican pochavsya processes zasvoєnnya іdeynoї spadschini Chardin ofіtsіynim Catholicism.

Svoє Explanation dіysnostі Teilhard de Chardin called fenomenologіchnim, pіdkreslivshi scho vono viniklo on osnovі synthesis dosyagnen concrete sciences i peredbachaє formuvannya such Buchan svitu Where Money Does correctly viznacheno Location i role in the Helsinki Human kosmosі that vkazano orієntiri for її praktichnoї dіyalnostі. S Person of time її svіdomіstyu Chardin rozglyadaє yak Chastain bіlsh wide processes - evolyutsії space. Pіdstavoyu for rozumіnnya evolyutsії Vsesvіtu mozhna vvazhati evolyutsіyu Helsinki Human. Taqiy pіdhіd, s one side, daє zmogu Chardin ekstrapolyuvati pritamannі tіlki lyudinі of Quality in the nature tsіlomu s metoyu її vіdnovlennya soulfully i, s the other - serve vipravdannyam zastosuvannya bіologіchnih kategorіy to rozumіnnya sotsіalnih protsesіv.

"Yak tіlki vіdvernemo zіr od zovnіshnogo svitu povsyakdennih vіdnoshen, mi povinnі viyaviti svoєyu immediately behind his back, nemovbi yakes prodovzhennya us themselves - Soul svitu".

P. Teilhard de Chardin

Naukova phenomenology Teilhard de Chardin Got Inshyj zmіst, nіzh Husserl. Zokrema, metoyu fenomenologіchnogo Explanation dіysnostі Je show vazhelіv, s yakih Relief Person of the "on" in ob'єktivny processes evolyutsії svitu. Svіdomіst Helsinki Human Je Chastain tsogo processes, yaky Won vіdobrazhuє that virazhaє. Phenomenon svіdomostі vіdpovіdayut ob'єktivnі analogues: tse odnakovoyu mіroyu stosuєtsya yak Naukova understand so i relіgіynih uyavlen.

When rozglyadі problem of "Person of space i" Teilhard de Chardin talk about unіkalnіst lyudskogo phenomenon. Person of vistupaє yak svіdomy prodovzhuvach Spravi evolyutsії. Ale share lyudskoї pillows that lyudskoї dіyalnostі in evolyutsії in tsіlomu traktuєtsya not tіlki yak sposіb Ednannya Helsinki Human Zi svіtom, ale i yak zasіb vihodu Helsinki Human mezhі of Svoge "I" for priєdnannya before Christ, in vtіlenogo svіtі.

On Dumka Teilhard de Chardin, evolyutsіya - tse not okrema gіpoteza chi teorіya and the major Umov, s yakoї povinnі vihoditi OAO All gіpotezi, teorії, system. Process kosmorozvitku abo cosmogenesis, zgіdno s her, peredbachaє takі Etap, yak "dozhittєvy", "zhittєvy" i "mislyachy".

• On Perche etapі vіdbuvaєtsya evolyutsіya hіmіchnih elementіv i galaxies formuєtsya obolonka Zemlі i on її poverhnі vinikaє fіzichno-hіmіchne seredovische, spriyatlive utvorennya for folding forms molecules i Perche Zhittya.

• Protyagom another Etap vinikaє Givet pokrittya Zemlі - "bіosfera" OAO All oderzhuyut rozvitok FORMS zhivih organіzmіv, pochinayuchi s nayprostіshih i zakіnchuyuchi Lyudin.

• Tretіy Etap ohoplyuє Helsinki Human Formation that іstorichny rozvitok lyudstva right up to our dnіv. In our hour zavershuєtsya formuvannya єdinogo lyudstva, and once it s new pokrittya Zemlі - spherical spirit abo "noosphere", by yak mozhlivy vihіd nadzhittya up to "Omega point" abo nadosobi, the spiritual center of the "Unіversumu".

• Svoєyu system Teilhard de Chardin proponuє svoєrіdny varіant "tretoї lіnії" in fіlosofії. In yogo Dumka, all scho іsnuє, viniklo s єdinoї substantsії "tkanini Unіversumu" cutaneous yelement yakoї Got "zovnіshnyu" - materіalnu that "vnutrіshnyu" - the spiritual side. Put for Meta Vivest rozvitok svіdomostі s svitu, yaky її otochuє, vihodyachi s "primacy Dumka that psihіchnogo in Unіversumі" by Chardin sutі povtoryuє deyakі PROVISIONS naturfіlosofії Leybnіtsa, Shellіnga, Hegel. Same Shellіng, poyasnyuyuchi Yednist svitu, oduhotvoryuє nature ogoloshuє spirit nosієm principle zhittєvostі, rozglyadaє іstorіyu nature yak number poslіdovnih stupenіv rozvitku spirit.

When rozglyadі protsesіv rozvitku in nezhivіy prirodі (in "dozhittєvіy" sferі) Chardin vikoristovuє ponyattya energії. W one side, won harakterizuєtsya zgіdno s danimi science vlastivіst yak, scho nevіddіlna od materії, yak "face" samoї materії and s іnshogo - protistavlyaєtsya yak deyaka taєmnicha organіzuyucha force.

At the same hour looked at rozvitok zhivoї Nature daє pіdstavi Teilhard de Chardin vvazhati scho Zhittya viniklo in viglyadі mіkroskopіchnih pershoklіtin, genetichno podіbnih i numerically zavdyaki їm stvoryuєtsya Givet pokrittya Zemlі and їh VZAYEMODIYA lead to viniknennya all bіlsh Folding i organіzovanih forms Zhittya. W other side, Zhittya from Teilhard de Chardin іmanentne "tkaninі Unіversumu".

Pid cosmogenesis rozumієtsya one INCREASING NNS at ritmі stolіt, nepoborny ruh to all forms psihіzmu bіlsh temple, Jerel yakogo Je vnutrіshnіy "svіdomostі will come." Tsey influx of svіdomostі "іmpuls svitu" zmushuє materіyu rozvivatisya in Pevnyi napryamkah. Natural vіdbіr, pristosuvannya organіzmіv Je not the cause evolyutsії and її background. Spravzhnoyu evolyutsії cause of Teilhard de Chardin vvazhaє dіyu spirituality vnutrіshnіh forces.

Zaperechennya viniknennya Helsinki Human zgіdno s bіblіynim mіfom about Adam i Єvu lead to traktuvannya її yak naslіdku dovgotrivaloї evolyutsії. Viniknennya svіdomostі Teilhard de Chardin bachit yak ot rіven evolyutsії spirit. Podіbnі vіdstupi od Naukova vikladu Chardin robit zaradi vischih mіrkuvan: vіn vvazhaє scho stink dopomagayut rozkriti Especially Location i Helsinki Human role in rozvitku Vsesvіtu, zrozumіti Sens fact scho vіdbuvaєtsya, i nakresliti PERSPECTIVE maybutnogo.

W viniknennyam Helsinki Human, vvazhaє Teilhard de Chardin, pochinaєtsya Novi - converged Etap rozvitku Zhittya (up appears on the Helsinki Human Zhittya rozvivalos lіnії divergentsії). Vnaslіdok zdatnostі to Helsinki Human refleksії - zoseredzhenostі svіdomostі on sobі and takozh MTIE z'yavlyaєtsya mozhlivіst ob'єdnannya okremih "mislyachih tsentrіv" at Collective svіdomіst. Tse privodit- to viniknennya suspіlstva.

Power, natsії, tsivіlіzatsії, for Teilhard de Chardin - tse novі FORMS Zhittya, vtіlennya podalshoї ekspansії "zhittєvogo porivu". Pong nadіlyayutsya great bіologіchnimi mozhlivostyami for zlittya, oskіlki strongly "psihologіzovanі". Through them, i zavdyaki їm utvoryuєtsya єdiny organіzm lyudstva. Tsey organіzm Got his nervovu system - Roads Ahead spoluchennya that lіnії zv'yazku, svoї FORMS kolektivnoї pam'yatі that spadkovostі: reserve "rozumnostі" lyudstvo vtіlyuє in nautsі, mistetstvі tehnіtsі that, in the systems of pillows i dії systems. Teper svіdomіst rozvivaєtsya not tіlki in okremomu іndivіdі, ale th in kolektivі. Vinikaє Collective lyudsky Rozum and Navkolo Zemlі stvoryuєtsya noosphere - the sphere of the spirit.

Vazhlivim zavdannyam rozvitku lyudstva, vvazhaє Teilhard de Chardin, Je yogo ob'єdnannya, ale not mozhna dosyagti of Success, ob'єdnuyuchi people as yakimi stink Yea. Ob'єdnannya on osnovі spіlnih materіalnih іnteresіv sumnіvne. Slіd spryamuvati lyudsku aktivnіst not to do updates Zhitlo, not rozvagi, and zmіnu our zvichok on stvorennya spiritual forces vіdpovіdnih new svitu. Visnovok Teilhard de Chardin apelyuє to neobhіdnostі spiritual Zemlі do updates.

Pershochergova Umov ob'єdnannya lyudstva - stvorennya novoї psihologіchnoї atmosphere yak vinikne vnaslіdok on au-Perche, usvіdomlennya people evolyutsії fact that processes bіologіchnogo samosintezuvannya, differently aktivіzatsії svіdomostі skin іndivіda "zseredini" pid vplivom vischogo dzherela spіvrefleksії - God, yaky vselyaє vіru in nayavnіst nadbuttya. Organіzatsіya Naukova doslіdzhen at a planetary scale, metoyu yakih nasampered guilty Buti Lyudin and takozh ob'єdnannya science that relіgії - sama tsі factorization povinnі zabezpechiti at Dumka Teilhard de Chardin, in konvergentsіyu sferі spirit, yak completed zlittyam shower at the "punktі Omega".

"Omega Point" - tse uyavny God, yaky іsnuє yak i center pole stalostі Vsesvіtu, Je funktsієyu kosmіchnogo uskladnennya materії. "Point Omega" vikonuє role "kosmіchnogo", "evolyutsіynogo Christ" Yea dіyalnoyu power, metoyu that mezheyu evolyutsії. So rank, Chardin stvoryuє nova model of Christianity - evolyutsіynu, yakіy nadaє kosmіchnogo scale.

Zatsіkavlenіst fіlosofskimi Look Teilhard de Chardin vinikla i yogo vnaslіdok sprob obґruntuvati neobhіdnіst stvorennya tsіlіsnoї Kartini svitu, pobudovanoї on osnovі synthesis Naukova danih. Yogo іnterpretatsіya Georeferencing that rolі science suspіlnomu zhittі on protivagu pozitivіstskіy, viyavilasya spіvzvuchnoyu s Look bagatoh scientists. Doteper іmponuyut relіgіyno-іdealіstichnі Elements kontseptsії Teilhard de Chardin, the emphasis on the Helsinki Human vіdpovіdalnostі for evolyutsіyu svitu away.