Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

17.2. "Specific-Naukova" structuralism

Fіlosofsky structuralism upevneno saying about itself at vsіh sotsіogumanіtarnogo spheres of knowledge. Poshuk structures zdіysnyuєtsya nayrіznomanіtnіshih in the sphere of culture - movі, lіteraturі in rіznogo old sotsіalnih installations in іstorії іdey have mistetstvі in yavischah masovoї culture, mіfologії toscho. Vzagalі something viyavlennya structures vlastive vsіm Galuzo knowledge oskіlki science viyavlyayuchi zv'yazki that vіdnoshennya, zavzhdi s Got the right tim chi іnshim systematic structural utvorennyam, ale in strukturalіzmі Tsey Priya vivedeno in basic techniques Napriklad, frantsuzky etnolog, anthropologist sotsіolog , culture, Creator kontseptsії strukturnoї antropologії K. Levі-Strauss lived Sered tribes іndіantsіv Pіvdennoї America i vivchav їhnі vzaєmovіdnoshennya through vpliv people simvolіchnih forms traditsіy, ritualіv, MTIE, ale Especially - mіfologіchnoї svіdomostі. Vcheny rozglyadaє Sistemi Rodin zv'yazkіv, shlyubnі rules zvichaї, ritual mіfi toscho yak MTIE, is capable spіlkuvannya, іnformatsіynі Cody. In їh osnovі - structure naybіlsh zagalnim principle yakoї Je bіnarne vіdnoshennya: cold -garyache, sacred - zvichayne, Givet - dead, svoє - chuzhe, sire - boiled toscho. K. Levі-Strauss perekonany scho bіnarnіst Je principle organіzatsії culture yak takoї, oskіlki sama lyudske Butt spokonvіku superechlive.

Fіlosof vvazhaє scho pervіsnі suspіlstva on vіdmіnu od Suchasnyj, zberegli sposіb garmonіynogo poєdnannya superechnostey, SSMSC vіn nazivaє nadratsіonalіzmom. Tse vlastive for mіfu poєdnannya ratsіonalnogo chuttєvogo i started at Money Does vіdbuvaєtsya oposeredkuvannya superechnostey. Napriklad z'єdnuvalna Lanka mіzh zhivim i Dead postaє in obrazі crow - zhivoї іstoti, yak harchuєtsya carrion. Nesvіdomі structuring Rozum, SSMSC given od nature, bіnarnі. Suchasnіy lyudinі potrіbno zbagnuti poverhovіst i obmezhenіst її ratsіonalіzmu, zrozumіti its nature i vіdtvoriti vtrachenu garmonіyu protilezhnostey. Vazhlivim pіdsumkom yogo doslіdzhen was tlumachennya mіfu i MTIE yak fundamental basis kolektivnoї svіdomostі, yak yogo at Dumka, OOO All robit stіykimi sotsіalnі structure.

Frantsuzky psihoanalіtik i fіlosof Jacques Lacan stverdzhuє scho nesvіdome pіdlyagaє Naukova vivchennyu and Yogo hvoroblivі viyavi - psihoterapії, to scho "nesvіdome strukturovane yak mova" i bezposeredno pov'yazane s movnim virazom. Vlasnyi in furrows MTIE, yak utvoryuє scope simvolіchnogo mainly minaє Zhittya Helsinki Human. Pose it - the "real" to yakogo in Helsinki Human Absent bezposerednogo vihodu, i "uyavne" - dіlyanka nestіykih sub'єktivnih utvoren.

Structuralism yak specific methods doslіdzhennya zvertaєtsya to protsesіv dіyalnostі, SSMSC oposeredkovuyutsya spіlkuvannyam їh uchasnikіv for Relief sign systems, nasampered MTIE and takozh pervіsnimi sotsіalnimi that cultural structures.

Doslіdzhennya forms suspіlnoї svіdomostі yak viznachalnih sotsіalnih structures - characteristic rice sotsіalnih kontseptsіy strukturalіzmu. Frantsuzky strukturalіst-іstorik, culture theorist Michel Foucault rozglyadav sotsіalnu obumovlenіst pіznannya rіznimi sotsіalnimi yavischami іnstitutami is the spiritual nature, and takozh movnoyu practices, sexual vіdnoshennyami that іn.

Fіlosofіya strukturalіzmu Je fashionable modifіkatsієyu pozitivіzmu, won yogo rozvivaєtsya in ruslі. In nіy put i virіshuєtsya tsіly tsіkavih number of problems: i viniknennya rozvitok MTIE, mіfologії, relіgії, culture is the їh vplivi on sotsіalnі structure; vzaєmozv'yazki psihіchnogo

"Dosі fіlosofіya znahodila vіdpovіdі on nevirіshuvanі, vіdpovіdno to kartezіanskoї alternative, the power deprivation there, de їy vistachalo muzhnostі bring vinyatkovu pridatnіst exactly metodіv pіznannya for nature."

G. Plesner

that sotsіalnogo structure osobistostі that її samosvіdomostі, sotsіalna exposure The toscho.

Pretenzії strukturalіstіv on pobudovu strictly naukovoї metodologії sotsіalno-gumanіtarnogo Znannya bagato in chomu viyavilisya Marne oskіlki їh zastosuvannya gave abstraktnі result, SSMSC before vazhko Well Bulo perevіriti. Reduktsіonіstska at sutі, sproba zrozumіti culture zvіvshi її to obmezhenogo set zv'yazkіv i vіdnoshen not away. In the 70 Ti Rocky on zmіnu strukturalіzmovі coming post-structuralism i postmodernism.

VISNOVKI

Fіlosofsky structuralism saying about his concrete Naukova doslіdzhennyah. Vіn becoming, Vlasnyi, Naukova method yaky productive zastosovuyut in lіngvіstitsі that in ryadі іnshih gumanіtarnih Sciences. W Relief tsogo method Bulo doslіdzheno Sistemi Rodin vіdnoshen, totemіzm, ritual mіfi that INSHI yavischa Zhittya pervіsnih tribes. Novі result is gained in Bulo lіteraturoznavstvі in іstorії culture that іnshih Galuzo. Structuralism rozglyadaє vazhlive power of mental structures, scho vtіlyuyut Collective, nesvіdome i viyavlyayut Yednist mislennya pervіsnoї that suchasnoї Helsinki Human. Tse Duzhe vazhlivo sogodnі in Poshuk wide uzagalnen, unіversalіy i zagalnih schemes rozumovoї dіyalnostі on osnovі viyavlennya Glibin structures suchasnoї fіlosofskoї pillows in yakіy sposterіgaєtsya yavny emphasis on rozglyadі viznachalnogo vplivu Human Factor.

Specifically Naukova-structuralism, yaky z'yavivsya in lіngvіstitsі uniquely ranіshe, nіzh fіlosofsky structuralism without CCB "pure science", zovsіm vіlnoyu od fіlosofskih vplivіv. In rіznih lіngvіstіv-strukturalіstіv in rіznі perіodi mozhna viyaviti vpliv neopozitivіzmu, bіhevіorizmu, fenomenologії that іnshih techіy. However, Tse boule sama fіlosofskі vplivi instead vlasnі origіnalnі rozrobki. All tse daє pіdstavi govorito about fіlosofіyu strukturalіzmu, yak znayshla svoє prodovzhennya in poststrukturalіzmі i postmodernіzmі.

Meals for self

• SSMSC golovnі Reason viniknennya fіlosofії strukturalіzmu?

• In chomu polyagaє spetsifіka strukturalіzmu i yogo vіdmіnnіst od ekzistentsіalіzmu personalіzmu i ?.

• Jake Location zaymaє mova in doslіdzhennyah strukturalіstіv?

• Describe spіvvіdnoshennya strukturalіzmu i culture in doslіdzhennі sotsіalnih vzaєmovіdnoshen.

• Viznachte role in nesvіdomogo metodologії strukturalіstskih pіdhodіv.

• Shcho Takeo "sign system" that yak її value y i vivchennі sotsіalnih cultural structures?

• Viznachte osnovnі parametric vіdmіnnostі i totozhnostі mіzh fіlosofskim i NAUKOVO-specific strukturalіzmom.

Problematic ZAVDANNYA

"Zavdyaki strukturі those scho uyavlennya podaє in obscure viglyadі th at formі odnochasnostі, viyavlyaєtsya Available analіzovі, team itself nadayuchi mozhlivіst for lіnіynogo rozgortannya MTIE. Spravdі, stosovno ob'єkta sposterezhennya Opis Yea those SAME Well, scho th uyavlennya was spoken for, yak vono virazhaє: Yogo poslіdovne rozmіschennya, Element of Elements. Ale mova in svoїy empіrichnіy formі small to uvazі teorіyu was spoken i teorіyu poєdnannya. Stosovno poєdnannya Well, then vono spravdі utvoryuvalo movu deprivation of tієї minds scho vono pov'yazuvalosya s yavnoyu abo prihovanoyu funktsієyu dієslova Buti. Istoria Je Natural Sciences, tobto movoyu, ale i obgruntovanoyu good pobudovanoyu: її propozitsіyne rozgortannya on zakonnіy pіdstavі Je poєdnannyam; rozmіschennya in lіnіynіy poslіdovnostі elementіv roz'єdnuє uyavlennya Obviously i unіversalnim rank. At one hour yak odne i are w uyavlennya Mauger Dachi Location great number of utterance oskіlki іmena, SSMSC yogo zapovnyuyut, poєdnuyutsya rіznim rank, the one i the train tvarinu one i the train Roslyn bude described one i tim same way tієyu mіroyu, yakoyu od was spoken to MTIE panuє structure. Teorіya structure pronizuyuchi on vsomu її іsnuvannі natural іstorіyu in klasichnu Epoch poєdnuє in odnіy i tіy same funktsії, rolі, SSMSC vіdіgrayut was spoken i poєdnannya "in movі.

(Foucault M. Words and things Archaeology of Human Sciences -.. St. Petersburg, 1994. - pp. 166).

Read urivok, viznachte, naskіlki characteristic of Foucault's "structure" vіdpovіdaє RFQ fіlosofskogo Rozum.

FOR literature SAMOSTІYNOGO OPRATSYUVANNYA

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3. J. Derrida Grammatology. - M., 1997.

4. Aevi-Strauss C. Structural Anthropology. - M., 1998.

5. Aenk X. The interpretation of reality. - SPb., 1998.

6. Lotman YM structure of a literary text. - M., 1994.

7. Saussure F. Notes on general linguistics. - M., 1990.

8. Structuralism "for" and "against." - M., 1975.

9. Foucault M. Words and things. Archaeology Humanities. - SPb., 1994.