Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

18.5. KONTSEPTSІYA SOTSІUMU In POSTMODERNІZMІ

Zmіst postmodernіstskih poglyadіv on suspіlstvo obumovlyuєtsya cultural atmosphere kіntsya XX century., Ontologіchnu basis yakoї becoming post-іndustrіalne abo іnformatsіyne suspіlstvo. Dіalogіchnіst, cultural polіfonіya, plyuralіzm i lіberalіzm Suchasnyj zahіdnogo suspіlstva target peredumovi for viroblennya radikalnoї stosovno project Nouveau metodologії rozumіnnya іstorії i sotsіumu. As part tsієї metodologії sformulovano mainly vimogu postmodernіzmu to іstorії: Absent from neї єdinoї basis that i odinichne podavlyaє unіversalne, zagalne.

Іstorichna svіdomіst cob XX century. ґruntuєtsya on uyavlennі about those scho Istoria - tse processes zakonomіrnoї zmіni epochs. Postmodernism harping about Epoch "gіperkonformіzmu" yak svoїm been approved, znischuє OAO All laws, principles th aprіornі іstorії schemes. їh Location zaymaє "suspіlstvo the play"; hіd іstorії, yak i sotsіalnі zv'yazki, napovnyuyutsya movnimi іgrami, scho robit іstorіyu "olіteraturenoyu". Istoria postaє yak "m'yaka" nesubstantsіyna, mіzhstrukturna realnіst (dumate about passed, not doslіdzhuvati yogo) s domіnuvannyam komunіkativnogo factor. Zrostannya i zbіlshennya poverhovogo rіvnya, narcissism teperіshnogo, odnochasnіst rіznochasovogo stvoryuє vіdchuttya "kіntsya іstorії" (Foucault), "kіntsya sotsіalnostі" (Bodrіyyar).

"Technoscience, yak staє technoculture, vzhe not priskoryuє Іstorіyu and porodzhuє zapamorochlive priskorennya realnostі, pozbavlene whether yakoї pravdopodіbnostі".

P. Vіrіlіo

Nova Epoch nіchim not zobov'yazana poperednіy nіchogo i do not Mauger send out to the nastupnіy, oskіlki zasnovana to "radikalnіy perervnostі".

Together s note podіbna perervnіst mіstit in svoєmu "tsentrі" "osobistіst - text", yak vіlno konstruyuє rhythm cherguvannya obrazіv i arhetipіv. Tsey rhythm stvoryuє

Features moral etichnoї system vreshtі i-Rasht vіn strukturuє suspіlstvo. In postmodernіstskomu diskursі іstorії, okrіm rhythm MTIE (opovіdannya) nіchogo zmіstovnogo bіlshe Absent. Je Vazhlivimi not a fact but zv'yazki mіzh them; "Ocean" on the story utvoryuєtsya odnіy kraplinі.vodi (for osobistostі opovіdacha). Istoria i realnіst roz'єdnuєtsya, Istoria "rozpochinaєtsya" in іnformatsіynih flows neskіnchenno plyuralіzuyuchis in vіdobrazhennyah vіrtualnoї realnostі

Postmodernism ogoloshuє scho Yea progressive routine, and Vira in Demba - "mіstechkovoyu" i єvropotsentristskoyu. Progres kritikuєtsya for tehnogennіst; emansipatsіya - for sumіschennya іndivіdualnoї Svobody i Gromadska order; demokratіya - for іmperativ sovіstі. Zamіst zvichnih tsіnnostey postmodernism stvoryuє poverhovu, horizontal model suspіlstva, vіlnu od utopіy maybutnogo i mіfіv passed, orієntovanu on tehnologії right i kompromіsu.

Uyavlennya about Suchasnyj suspіlstvo that yogo prospects postmodernіzmі have resulted haotizatsії іstorії. Sotsіalna doctrine postmodernіzmu ґruntuєtsya on such tezah:

• suspіlstvo yavlyaє him not kіnofіlm and "instantly znіmok" i note by protistavlyaє a "sferі printsipovoї koordinatsії" (tsіlіsnostі);

• have suspіlstvі de Je mozhlivimi projection i proektuvannya, vіdsutnє tsіle-pokladannya; suspіlstvo vtrachaє іnteres not deprivation to the temple, ale th to modest tsіley through scho nastaє "gіpertrofіya zasobіv i atrofіya tsіley" (P. Rіker);

• suspіlstvo vtratilo sistemnіst i tsіlіsnіst; on zmіnu productive (CREATIVE) order priyshov reproductive (netvorchy schematically) order;

• іnformatsіyne suspіlstvo harakterizuєtsya zmіnoyu sutnostі sotsіalіzatsії: devіatsії (vіdhilennya) vazhlivіshі, nіzh klasichna "spokіyna" sotsіalnіst. Zvіdsi postіyny emphasis on margіnalnostї (Foucault), to "Chorny dіrah" sotsіalnostі - amorphous destrukturovanih Masach (J. Bodrіyyar) on fіlosofії povsyakdennostі.

Stosovno sotsіalnoї organіzatsії postmodernism demonstruє її radically nepriynyattya, zaperechennya mozhlivostі osobistostі Buti vіdpovіdalnoyu for svoї dії, її nezdatnіst protistoyati mogutnostі nadosobovih structures. Tom yogo leitmotif Je zvіlnennya od gnіtu Vladi, traditsіynih tsіnnіsnih regulyativіv, zvichnih rules, regulations i sotsіalnih fallow. Tacke basis samovіdchuttya іndivіda in suspіlstvі vimagaє th novih upmost orієntirіv, i stink znahodyatsya. Napriklad, Foucault stvoryuє situatsіynu etiku - "etiku context." Upmost regulyatsіya viyavlyaєtsya in bazhannі throw viklik "whether Money Does zlovzhivannyu Vladoiu", "would not hto yogo author of CCB, the CCB hto yogo not for the sacrifice." Sotsіalnі vimіri lyudskostі - tse not globalnі moralnі norms and іnterpretatsіya Vladi, konstitutsії, їh zmіni i realіzatsіya practical. Potrіbno proponuvati not utopіyu and rules іnterpretatsії zakonіv, upravlіnnya.

Kriterієm podіlu on sotsіalnі verstvi in ​​postmodernіzmі Je rіven spozhivannya, yaky stvoryuє suspіlstvo vsezagalnogo konformіzmu i kompromіsu. Sotsіalna paradigm postmodernіzmu - lіberalny plyuralіzm, yaky oznachaє perehіd od Epoch "іndivіdualіstichnogo atomіzmu" to "plyuralіstichnogo molekulyarizmu". Especially values ​​here toil zrostannya tolerantnostі, demasifіkatsіya, znachuschіst "odinitsі" (okremoї Helsinki Human), її rights i freedoms. Lіberalnі freedom, vіdmova od polіtizovanostі, unіkalnіst Helsinki Human - tse osoblivі RISS th accent SSMSC roblyat postmodernism privablivim for іntelektualіv.

"Dvi FORMS show Vladi - kontsentrovana i difuzno - lіtayut on real suspіlstvom i yak yogo meta, i yak yogo not true. Persha form spriyayuchi іdeologії, yak kontsentruєtsya Navkolo diktatorskoї individuals vikonuє zavdannya totalіtarnoї kontrrevolyutsії, fashistskogo yak, so i stalіnskogo type. Friend, sponukayuchi people naymanoї pratsі koristuvatisya svoєyu liberty Vibor spozhivannya for a wide array of proponovanih poslug, yavlyaє him amerikanіzatsіyu svitu, processes, yaky in Pevnyi vіdnoshennyah lyakav, Ale takozh i uspіshno spokushuvav Ti Kraina, de Bulo mozhlivo pіdtrimuvati traditsіynі FORMS burzhuaznoї demokratії ".

G. Debord

visnovki

Postmodernism sogodnі Je by a new tendentsієyu in cultural samousvіdomlennі rozvinenih zahіdnih suspіlstv, yak mіstit nedovіru to opisovostі (narativіv) vihіd s obіgu "narativnogo mehanіzmu legіtimatsії" poperednoї Dobie, yaky trimavsya on zvernenih in the Future іdeyah Progreso, poslіdovnogo rozvitku freedom, emansipatsії osobistostі, velikoї methylene is the great hero, unіversalnostі knowledge іndustrіalno-tehnіchnogo rozvitku, zvіlnennya lyudstva od tyagarya povsyakdennoї pratsі. Globalіzatsіya ostannіh desyatirіch spawned neskіnchennu Quantity neviznachenostey, SSMSC give rozumіnnya scho mi maєmo s not the right novim svіtovim order, and s nespokіynoyu "zsunutoyu" of the planet. In sotsіalnіy teorії postmodernism oznachaє Novi napryamok, yaky place for Meta poyasniti processes navkolishnoї dіysnostі, stimulyuє rozrobku bagatovimіrnih uyavlen about prіoriteti, tsіlі th zavdannya lyudstva, іnіtsіyuє viniknennya polіvarіantnih sposobіv, zasobіv, strategіy їh zdіysnennya.

Situatsіya postmodern orієntuє on podolannya etiki anthropocentrism s yogo representations to navkolishnogo svitu yak to zasobu samostverdzhennya nomu in Helsinki Human-ruler, absolute Volodar is the master. For novih obstavin staє zrozumіlim scho mystery Helsinki Human polyagaє not in fact, in yaky Won bіk zmіnyuєtsya, and in fact, scho Won vzagalі not zmіnyuєtsya. The I CAME vnaslіdok tsієї nezmіnnostі zagalny camp svitu staє dedalі gіrshim. Together s note postmodernism daє suchasnіy lyudinі chance polishiti unіversum i nareshtі Know spokіy for yourself іntuїtivno orієntuyuchis from away to "ієrarhіyu pripustimogo" yak on naymenshe evil: "At scho pіde zrubane tree: on budіvnitstvo temple chi on pobudovu shibenitsі" Ієrarhіya pripustimogo explain rіznitsyu mittєvo, Hoca blighted tree in bude Skoda oboh vipadkah. Same in tsomu polyagaє moral and spiritual vimіr postmodernoї situatsії that postmodern svіtospriynyattya.

Postmodernism shift the uwagi s logotsentrizma to "tіlo-centrism". Ostannogo merit in the fact scho vіn zafіksuvav vazhlivy moment - vіdhіd Svobody i vіdpovіdalnostі for mezhі psihosomatichnoї tsіlіsnostі osobistostі. Mova yde not stіlki about degumanіzatsіyu, skіlki about the prospects of a new gumanіzmu. Postmodernіstskі refleksії not stvoryuyut i do not vіdtvoryuyut garmonії. They podvoyuyutsya, potroyuyutsya i pomnozhuyutsya not require sutnostі, zabivayuchi svіdomіst vіdtvorennyam already vіdomih shablonіv i shtampіv. Ale Rozum given lyudinі for usvіdomlennya Glibin Butt. Aje Je bіlshim evil with good, to scho on vkazuє nayavnіst high road yogo i neobhіdnostі Poshuk. So i postmodernism vkazuє on hibnі pillows i neobhіdnіst vіdpovіdalnoї Robot i Rozum dushі. Meaning postmodernіzmu polyagaє nasampered in novіy postanovtsі problem of freedom i vіdpovіdalnostі. Deconstruction yak depersonalіzatsіya staє peredumovoyu novoї fіlosofії moralnostі osobistostі.

Meals for self

• In chomu polyagaє sutnіst "postmodern project" i yak yogo vіdmіnnіst od 'project modernity "?

• Chi vіdpovіdaє postmodernism vimogam i RFQ suchasnostі, chi Je tіlki "іntelektualnoyu Oman» Yogo predstavnikіv?

• SSMSC nayvazhlivіshі factorization formuvannya i Formation postmodernіzmu phenomenon?

• Describe tsіnnіsnі orієntatsії postmodernіzmu on vіdmіnu od modernіzmu stosovno representations to dіysnostі.

• Viznachte klyuchovі ponyattya postmodernіzmu. In chomu polyagaє їh vіdmіnnіst od traditsіynih fіlosofskih kategorіy?

• Shcho Takeo deconstruction i yak її Location in formuvannі gnoseologіchnih orієntatsіy Helsinki Human?

• Describe the "tіlotsentrizmu" yak golovnoї antropologіchnoї RISS postmodernіzmu.

• Chi vіdpovіdaє on your Dumka, fіlosofіya postmodernіzmu spirituality RFQ suchasnoї Helsinki Human?

Problematic ZAVDANNYA

"Podumati tіlki, all nashіy bіldopedichnіy kulturі in nashіy entsiklopedichnіy polіtitsі have vsіh our zasobah telekomunіkatsіy have Nashomu telematics-metafіzichnomu arhіvі in nashіy chudovіy bіblіotetsі - all ґruntuєtsya on the protocol statutі odnoї aksіomi, yak mozhna Bulo b zobraziti, rozklasti on odnіy velikіy, zvichayno Well, poshtovіy listіvtsі, naskіlki tse just minutes elementarno, Pevnyi short nezvichna stereotipnіst (smut - no i do not govorito dumate nіchogo such scho zdatne Vivest Zi zvichnih reyok i make pereshkodi in telecom). Statute on the I Tsey osnovі zaznachenogo progoloshuє Socrates to Plato CCB and mіzh prolyagaє them in order zvichaynomu prohodzhennya pokolіn non-zvorotny Etap spadkoєmnostі. CCB Socrates to Plato, not in front of him, the Same as before. Otzhe, yogo Location behind Plato, i Statute priv'yazuє us to such an order: tіlki so potrіbno orієntuvatisya in mislennєvomu protsesі, lіvo here, right here, the CRIC. Nіtsshe povіriv, yak i to OAO All svіtі scho Socrates wrote scho vіn CCB before Plato, yaky tієyu chi іnshoyu mіroyu creates yogo pid dictation, i navіt allows Yomou tvoriti himself, zdaєtsya so vіn ere says. W tsієї point Zora, Nіtsshe povіriv Plato i tim nіchogo not reversing itself. Uves "coup" yakraz i have polyagav takіy legkovіrnostі. Tse note bіlshe true skin once scho vono "Tim bіlshe" vіdrіznyatimetsya od i poperednogo skin once rozbivatimetsya doostanku in rіznomu, od Freud to Gaydeggera ... Vreshtі-Rasht prihodish before scho perestaєsh rozumіti scho oznachaє Iti, Iti popered, Iti behind peredbachati, povertatisya scho oznachaє rіznitsya mіzh pokolіnnyami scho oznachaє uspadkovuvati, pisati svіy zapovіt, diktuvati, govorito, pisati pid dictation t i. e. i, nareshtі, sprobuvati Pobiti one single. All tse not converge, i meni not you tsogo vchiti without yakih nebudu naslіdkіv ".

(J. Derrida about a postcard from Socrates to Freud not only -Mn .: A modern writer, 1999. - pp. 35-36).

Read sightings urivok i viznachte, naskіlki mіrkuvannya mislitelya-postmodernіsta vіdpovіdayut traditsіynim fіlosofskim rozmislam.

FOR literature SAMOSTІYNOGO OPRATSYUVANNYA

1. G. Deleuze, Guattari, F. Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus. - M., 1990.

2. Aemichev A. Discourses death. Introduction to the philosophical Thanatology. SPb., 1997.

3. J. Derrida about a postcard from Socrates to Freud and beyond. -Mn., 1999.

4. Ilyin IP Postmodernism. Glossary. - M., 2001.

5. Jacques Lacan The instance of the letter in the unconscious, or the fate of reason after Freud. - M., 1997.

6. Lyotard JF postmodern condition. - SPb., 1998.

7. F. Mont texts and collages. - M., 1993.

8. Podoroga V. Metaphysics landscape. - M., 1996.

9. Tulchinsky GA imposture. The phenomenology of evil and the metaphysics of freedom. SPb., 1996.

10. Foucault M. Words and things. Archaeology Humanities. - SPb., 1994.