Філософія: мислителі, ідеї, концепції - Kremen V.G.

20.2. ROSVITOK FILOSOFІЇ IN THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF UKRAINE ХІV-ХVII century.

Після татаро-монгольської навали життя in Київській державі it was not fixed. Not varto vdavatisya in the folded socially-polichnichny, історичні події, які відбувалися в Україні in the XIV-XVII century., Оскільки us цікавлять передусім духовно-світоглядні processes. Prior to them, take part in writing that vivid thinking, zoumovlennosti social realities of that hour. Dzherelom rozvitku єретичних ідей в Україні була апокрифічна література, а серед рухів - Bogomilstvo. God ratsіonalіstichno pіdhodili to іnterpretatsії deyakih hristiyanskih dogmatіv not spovіduvali Old Zapovіtu, poklonіnnya Christ, the saints that їh relics, not viznavali tserkovnoї ієrarhії, vistupali against church volodіn i bagatstva not vbachali neobhіdnostі in іsnuvannі clergy oskіlki vvazhali scho spiritual master i propovіdnikom Mauger Stati kozhny, hto znaє Holy letter.

At the people's doorway, the creation of doom, heroes of all kinds of people, rip-off the land for enemies, and, for the sake of the heroes of the heroes, is tsevichiny, real people. Tsia situatsіya moe moral, fіlosofskiy aspect vinikіє postа "a hero to the spirit" (Cossack Golota, Kozak Mamai). In the 14th-15th centuries, the so-called agiografic literature (for the group "hagios" - saints) - "the life of the saints" is so broadened. To blame for the zlirniks of "life" - pateriki. Nabuvaivat poshirennya lititornі vidannya morally-etichnogo zmistu, poisti-pritchi ("Izmaragd", "Chetya", "Bchola" ta іn).

The protagonist of "life" is the saint, which is to fight with the devil, and the battle is the way to reach the sacred, napovennennya forces of good and unavailable to the forces of evil. Navchati his zhyttyam, but not the word - smotne rule "holy life". The basis for the hero of "life" is the vibe of goodness, be an anchor. For dosyagnennia svyastosti neobhidno turn God, and not svit, and vona - nayvushchim rivnem spirituality. Moral protilation of sacred posts

Внаслідок специфічних соціально-економічних of minds at the XVI century. In Ukraine they were rushing to shirk the idesh humanism, in the development of which I can see three translations. The first (approximately until the middle of the XVI century) - typologically similar to the early італійським, in the center of yogo sotsiіno-politichna themes, the nutty etika i estetiki. At the other (from the other half of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century) - actively forming selfishness of the Ukrainian people, developing humanistic patriotism. The third (the friend of the tretin XVII - the cob of the XVIII century) - rozroblyaetsya complex of humanistic ideas in intertwined and reformed. The cause of the widening of humanity to the first half of the 16th century. Becoming socially-economical progress, zomovleniy pochatkom rozvitku simple commodity vibrobitvtva, zrostannia kіlostisti mist, yakih rokkvіtali culture o Osvita.

• The founders of the humanistic culture in the Ukraine XV-XVI century. Buli Yuriy Drogobich, Pavlo Rusin із Krosna, Lukash із New City, Stanislav Orikhovskiy-Roksolan . Майже всі вони після збобуття освіти в Західній Європі діяли on українськійі території in the so-called Ruskoy Voivodeship of Poland.

For humanism, this hour is characteristic трак the interpretation of the people is not less than the natural part of the cosmos, but the yak "vincia" of nature, the governor. Як найвища цінність людина вважалася by the creator of self, through prychetnist up to the deity. The aim was takozh problem spіvvіdnoshennya God is the Helsinki Human, nablizhennya God to Helsinki Human (bogovtіlennya) ototozhnennya God is the Helsinki Human (panteїzm) viznannya її doskonalim for svoєyu tvorіnnyam by nature, and takozh obozhnennya Helsinki Human (A. Zizanіy). S. Orikhovsky-Roksolan vvazhav, scho kozhna lyudina maє samodostatnju tsіnnist, vіd neї samoyї zalizhit, chi stana vona gіdnogo vysokogo gratitude, chi to revert to the aisle and the nekkhemnu tvarinu.

• Poshirennu fіlоofіskoї ta spiritual culture fostered the creativity of the Ukrainian polemіstіv XVI-XVII art. , Tіsno pov'yazana s dіyalnіstyu fraternities, SSMSC vinikayut have Tsei hour at bagatoh mіstah Ukraine (Lvivske brotherhood stvorene 80-Ti Rocky XVI century, Kiїvske -. 1615 p Lutsk -. 1617 p, and takozh Ostroh, Halytska,. Rogatinske, Kam'yanets-Podil'sk, Vinnytska and іn.). Brotherhood of those brotherly schools with them, bullets, head-on, the support of the cultural and religious aggression of Poland. Виникає військово-політична організація support of economical and political aggression in Ukraine, Ukraine, not to anyone else, but to cultural and spiritual zahistu. About the fact of the fact of the entrance of the Zaporozhsky Vyss'ka on the hill with Peter Sagaydachnim to the Kyiv Brotherhood in 1618 р.

Same from brotherhoods, brotherly schools, the misunderstanding of the field, yaki zahischali positsії Ukrainskogo orthodox'ya. One of the first polemic works of the Buv "The Key of the Kingdom of Heaven" (1587 р.) G. Smotrytsky, "Kazan's St. Kirila "(1596 rubles) S. Zizanіya," Trenos "

"Moe" and "Yours" - two dzherela be-as anchovy nezgodi in suspilstv. Through them, the sponge and the vicarage of the super-ships, summon the ships, which hate people. H hate hatred postayut zakoloti, and pislya zakolotіv nastoy vzhem neiminuchy kinc 'power. "

S. Orikhovskiy-Roksolan

(1610 р.) M. Smotrytsky, "Book of Vіre єdinu" (1619-1621 r.) Ta "Book about the truth of the Orthodox Christians" (1623 р.) 3. Kopistensky, "Catechis" (1627 р.) A. Зизанія та іа Найбільш відомий серед полемістів - Ivan Vyshensky (bl., 1550-bl., 1620 r.). In the center of yogo respect - lyudina, ale ludina "spiritual", ace through the spirit of mozzliv bezposirednen spilkuvannya people with God. Alyatsionalistichne otsyagnennya divine Butte rozomom nemozhiliv (rozum zdatnyi hopiti lishe negativnі vyzachennya God - those, chim God is not). Справжня визначеність Бога охоpлюється лише містичним, ірраціональним осяянням душі. Yakshto rozum not vyyavlyaet pretension to the role of диdinogo zasobu piznannya, then mozhe bouti nathnennym "Evangelskim rozumom", shobo stati "pidgotchim schalm" on the shlyayu to istin. Zavshyaki self-lyudina lyudina stoya prokomozhnomu podolati his zemnu form y uvіti u vnutriyshnyi spiritual contact iz to vishim budtyam.

• Great role in the field of education in the Ostrozky cultural and osnovny center , basics in Ostroz in 1576 r. Prince K. Ostrozky. Vazhlive meteor in the center of the center was borrowed by the Greek-words of the school, in which the Greek, Latin, and Slovene were recorded, and such is the "science of viny" (grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, logic, etc.). The first rector of the Bouvet G. Smotrytsky. The center consisted of gurts of science and humanities and drukarnia, trunked by the Russian Pershadrakar Ivan IV Fedorov, who moved from Moscow to Ukraine, ryaduchichis vid fanaticism of the church svitskoy Vladi.

Ostrozky cultural and osnovnіy center of the contacts rozvitkovі humanitarian environment. Діячі to center увііdomlyuvali znachennіa рідної мови yak zaporuki cleanliness orthodoxїvіri та самозбереження українського народу від покатоличення та та колонізації. Zokrema, M. Smotrytskyy species in the 1618 р. "Slavic grammar," yak may be two tables across the ball, єdinim pidruchnikom at drevnoslov'yanskom svіtі (after her vospisya M. Lomonosov).

Ostrozky cultural and osnovnіy center buv єdiniy u svetyemu rodi. In the same time, the focus was on the development of spirituality in Ukraine. Krim obruntuvannya orthodox vchennya, podvodzhennya fіlosofії yak wisdom with characteristic poshikins істини на шляху містичного єднання з Богом, ровивалися реформаційні та ренесансно-гуманістичні ідеї. Here Bulo zasnovano bіblіoteku s Bhagat zіbrannyam bogoslovskoї that naukovoї svіtskoї lіteraturi, Vpershe zrobleno sprobu stvorennya school vischogo type in Ukraїnі i Nabutov tsіnny dosvіd scho dopomіg Peter Mogilі that іnshim dіyacham Kiєvo-Mogilyanskoї Academy Pay potrіbny Way rozvitku ukraїnskoї osvіti that culture.

• On the basis of the Kyiv Brotherhood ,. Yake, the role of the brotherly Rusi in 1631 r. Vinikaє Kievo-Mogilyansky kolgium, and zgodom (from 1701 r.) - Kiev-Mogilyanska academia, yaka became the first to imbibe a naval mortgage on the schematic, the word-speaker teren. The program for the Kollegium was designed for the classic scheme of the medieval Zahidno-European University, the trilium (grammar, poetics, rhetoric) that quadrature (arithmetic, geometry, phylosophy, music) wagged. The first chotiri of fate were attached to the preparation of the peasants, one ric - to the rhetoric of that poet, the oncoming two rock - to the phylosophy, the rest chotiri - to theology.

• The program of the phylosophy fostered the knowledge of the churches, the philosophical works of antiquity, patristicism, scholasticism, the ideas of the Reformation, the Reformation, the Early Childhood and the Enlightenment. At Kievsky Kollegіі діяли видтні українські мислителі Iов Борецький, Касіян Сакович, Єлисей Плетенецький, Petro Mohyla - organizator Koligium. Sered professors of the Kiev-Mogilyansky Kollegy Buli soi vіdomі vchenі, phіlofоfy writers, yak Feofan Prokopovich, Ioanikiy Galyatovskiy, Stefan Yavorsky, a sort of reorganized Greek-latin school in Moscow to Slov'yano-Greco-latinska academia, Georgy Konysky.

Require in rozvitku fіlosofskoї pillows, vimogi konfesіynoї that natsіonalnoї Borotba led bratchikіv that profesorіv Kiєvo-Mogilyanskogo kolegіumu to usvіdomlennya neobhіdnostі ovolodіnnya svіtovoyu Naukova culture, vivchennya, pereosmislennya, zasvoєnnya zdobutkіv zahіdnoєvropeyskih mislitelіv i vchenih. Tse zavdannya zmogla vikonati border in 1701 r. Києво-Могилянська academemia .

• The founder of the Academy of Sciences P. Mogila buv sine of the Moldavian sovereign, the professor, the cencil, the metropolitan, we will take зуzuтtiv and the creator of the Orthodox "Trebnik", bor

"To whom are they so incompetent, are they clad in the hearth and the pomil?" Hiba do not die, you will die? Hoch krade diyavol tu memory і osliplyu you svitolyubstvom, and vee priydit z pam'yattyu quietly, scho narodili you and predkiv yours! "

І. Vishensky

"The XVII table became for Ukraine one of these epochs, but in the life of the people they gave themselves nadovgo viznachayut themselves їх історичну a share ... XVII century. It became for Ukrainian culture a doom of yaksho not "gold", then "sribiboyu".

D. Chizhevsky

Cement of Catholicism and Protestantism and Water Hour of Orthodox Orthodoxy, the author of the Christian Ecumenism in the Intercession of Ukraine. Feofan Prokopovich, blue kiїvskogo mіschanina, CCU student Kiїvskogo kolegіumu, prodovzhuvav osvіtu in Rimі, zadlya chogo pereyshov in Catholicism i Zgoda, rozshirivshi zv'yazki katolitskoyu s Church, turning to pravoslavnoї vіri, becoming professor teologії, fіlosofії of Mathematics Kiєvo-Mogilyanskoї Academy, Author bugatokh pidruchnikіv і naukovyh prac, nayavplivіsіyu special for the "vchenі druzhinі" of the Russian emperor Peter I. Іnokentіy Gіzel zakіnchiv Kiєvo-Mogilyansku akademіyu, udoskonalyuvav his osvіtu in zahіdnih unіversitetah, Zgoda becoming a professor, arhіmandritom Kiєvo-Pecherskoї Lavrov fіlosofom, spriyav Vidanov "Kiєvo-Pechers'ka Patericon" (1661 p.) I stvorennyu Perche pіdruchnika іstorії pid titles "Synopsis" (1674 rubles). Same stink that їhnі chislennі Colleges th uchnі led to glibokih vnutrіshnіh Change log ukraїnsku Church, Orthodox pіdnyali rіven bogoslov'ya, zabezpechili rozvitok profesіynoї fіlosofії, Mistetstvo, movoznavstva, іnshih Galuzo knowledge spriyali dokorіnnim zrushennyam in mislennі togochasnogo ukrajins'koho clergy that svіtskoї іntelіgentsії.

In Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, creative works of Archistror, ​​Plato, Plutarch, Seneca, Tsі-ceron, Diogenes Laertsky, Boetsiy, Fіlon. Ідеї ​​платонізму that neoplatonism spryaimalisya in academia is very important through patristic literature, zokrema through the works of Augustine, Origena, Clement of Alexander, Vasily the Great, Grigoriy Nyss-koy, that ін. Bullo was introduced to the vidok ідейні надбання схоластичної філософії - create Albert the Great, Anselm of Canterbury, Tomi Akvinsky, Febr Abelard, Duns Scotus, Avicenna, Averroes ta іn. З представаників новітньоої філософії in academy, created Makivelli, Galilei, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, Wolf, Spinozi, Gassendi. In the baroque scholastic classes, in the course of the XVII century, in the course of the XVII century,

"On my dumka, naybіlsha mudrist, nayvische fіlоofіya ta napotrіbnіa theologіya і пізнання Himself."

K. Sakovich

"People especially vyayavlyayut spivchuttya Todi, if vony vvazhayut people themselves, tobto if vony rozumyut, scho vony nevichny, neschaslivi ta narazheneni na nebezpeku."

F. Prokopovich

Before the missionaries, in their own theories of order with natural philosophers, the people of the world met with the problems of metaphysics, the problems of the pesky fundamentals of butt.

At the XVIII century. Scholastic baroko vitisnya wolfsian school, prostevzuyutsya oriєntatsiya na tih zahіdnih fіlofovі, yakі asserted the transference of the upbuilding of the svit over chuttвимvim, інтелектуального пізнання over розсудковим (дискурсивним) і тм більше чутєвим, ацентували увагу на самосвідомості

Філософія Києво-Могилянської академії була по суті the first stage in the development of professional phylosophy in Ukraine. Vona pidporyadkovuvalasya primacy of theology, rozglyadalasya remotely yak pomіchnik at the right viri. Prote does not sludge nedootsinyuvati її znachennya u stryrenni vlasnogo іnformatsіynogo field, neobhidnogo for majbutnygo rozvitku fіlosofskogo myslennya. Fіlosofіya in Academy rozumіlasya yak system distsiplіn (abo vsіh Sciences) poklikanih vіdnayti іstinu, the reason іsnuvannya speeches danih lyudinі God, and takozh yak Umov doslіdzhennya Zhittya that formuvannya dobrochinnostі Іstina ototozhnyuvalasya s vischim Butt, tobto s God yakogo nazivali spіnozіvskim termіnom "nature Naturans "(" creative nature "). Переконані в раціональності світу, вчені академії шукали істину шляхом дослідження наслідків Божої діяльності «nature натурата» ("стреноїї nature").

Києво-Могилянська академія відіграла important role in rozvitku spirituality, in that number and fіlіofskoї culture of the countries that півдноснослов'янських народіа Уїї стінах have been given osvіt росіяни, білоруси, серби, молдавани, греки, словени та ін. Єvropeysky rіven navchannya, active Naukova that osvіtnya dіyalnіst in Ukraїnі minutes for її mezhami, postіyne rozshirennya zv'yazkіv іz zahіdnimi unіversitetami zmіtsnyuvali authority Academy, spriyali її Formation yak provіdnogo іntelektualnogo oseredku in Orthodox slov'yanskomu svіtі. The Kiev-Mogilyanska Academy of Bulls is a spiritual one, and the Ukrainians have not sacrificed the holy telecommunications, they were wandering about the cultural zestaniya of their little words in the people's voices.

"Good is the power of the day, yak і" єdine "and" іistine. " Nimes are everything, you can choose from, but you can wipe it out. Vaughan uzgodzhuyutsya with a godly rosemom і tom є іistinnim, and in addition, Uzgodzhuyutsya with God's will and then-dobrim.

І. Gizel