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Theory and practice of self-management - Lukashevich NP

1.2. ADAPTIVE-DEVELOPING CONCEPT OF SELF-MANAGEMENT

1.2.1 STRUCTURE OF THE CONCEPT

Approaches to understanding the essence of the business career, considered earlier, allow to determine the initial theoretical prerequisites for the development of an integrative concept, aimed at revealing the internal mechanisms of "career" human behavior.

Under the concept (from Latin co-culture - a single idea, leading idea) here is understood based on certain ideas and theory system of views, a way of understanding the self-management of a business career, the processes that make up it1.

To understand the structure and interrelation of these ideas, we use the modeling method, presenting the phenomenon of a business career as a comparable ideal image-model. In our opinion, the model of a stratified society that Sorokin describes as a "social building" whose tenants move from one "social stage" to another along the "ladders" and "lifts" of social mobility2 can serve as a prototype in our view.

Understanding the business career as an individual social and labor mobility gives grounds for using this model. At the same time, the "building" is a set of possible business quarries of different levels and scales, of different orientations, which form "floors" and "blocks". Movement of the individual between the floors is a vertical career, between the blocks that are on one level, is horizontal. This model assumes a certain structure of ideas that reveal the essence of self-management of a business career.

These are the following ideas:

1) an idea explaining why, for what an individual realizes his career, on the achievement of what it is aimed at;

2) an idea revealing what internal forces and mechanisms move a person along the ladder of a business career;

See: Encyclopaedic Sociological Dictionary / Under total. Ed. G.V. Osipova. - Moscow: ISPI RAS, 1995. - P. 326.

See: Sorokin, P. A. Man. Civilization. Society: Trans. With the English. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1992. - P. 376-377.

3) an idea that answers the question of why some people overcome career stages faster, while others are slower;

4) an idea explaining the social mechanisms that accelerate or slow down the advancement of the business ladder.

Together and in interaction, these ideas will form the theoretical basis for self-management of a business career. They are called upon to answer the question: "What knowledge is necessary for an individual's business career and self for effective self-management by his business promotion?"

Let us briefly describe the essence of each of these ideas.

1.2.2 SUCCESS

The central concept of the first of ideas is "success". Like many others, this concept has come to science from everyday life. Under the success, according to the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, 1 understand:

1) good luck in achieving anything; 2) public recognition; 3) good results in work and study.

Let's pay attention to the fact that success is primarily connected with the effectiveness of one's own activity, that is, it depends on individual personal and business characteristics of a person. On the other hand, its achievement is influenced by external life circumstances, as well as social assessment of social significance achieved by an individual result.

On the relationship between public and personal draw attention to the authors exploring the relationship of a business career and success. Most often, success is seen as an event that receives social and public evaluation. The society decides whether the results of the efforts of individuals, groups or organizations can be considered a success. It can with the same ease recognize one's activity as unsuccessful and declare a person a failure. At the same time, there is no doubt that the social significance of success reflects the real relationship of individual success with the success of the firm and society as a whole. The American psychologist J. McClelland in the book "The Society of Achievement" (1961) notes the relationship he established between the needs of individuals for success and the economic growth of society. Attention is drawn to the recognition of the individual's desire to achieve success in the quality of his needs, that is, the connection of success with the basic principles of human behavior-his needs. The individual's "thirst for success" is his psychological characteristic and includes such components:

See: Ozhegov SI Dictionary of the Russian language. - 13 th ed., Rev. - Moscow: Rus. 1986, p. 747.

• the ability to set a goal and achieve it by one's own strength;

• readiness for each decision to see a specific result; A propensity to moderate risk with reliance on one's own knowledge and skills, and not in case.

In addition, it is important to conclude that the need for success is effectively realized by searching for new ways of applying one's energy, abilities and strength to the person, if the environment encourages the success of such a search. Thus, there is a coincidence of the interests of society and the individual in creating conditions for achieving individual success of the employee.

Studies of psychologists show that the desire for success is a universal property of man, that is, the need inherent in almost everyone. Although it is clear that the degree of development of this need in a person is different. It follows that each person is aimed at achieving success, although the degree of realization of this goal depends on the personal potential of each. It is important that the way to success for everyone can be different, depending on how we understand success for ourselves. Obviously, Berbel and Heinz Schwalbe, authors of the book Personality, Career, Success (1993), are right, arguing that "success is a controversial subject" 2. Indeed, what some consider success, others can perceive as failure. Success is a matter of scale, the question of expected results and, last but not least, the question of the target setting. There are entrepreneurs who consider the success of huge profits. Others consider it a huge success if they managed to save their firm from bankruptcy. Many believe that they work successfully, reliably investing earned profits on the side. Others invest their earned money in their enterprise and see their success in its growth and prosperity. While some entrepreneurs seek to reduce as many jobs as possible, others consider their work to be successful if they manage to retain or create new jobs. Success, therefore, depends on the psychology of a particular person, on his value system, on the degree of his joys and fears

See: Practical Psychology for Managers / Otv. Ed. M. K. Tutushkina. - M .: Inform.-pub. House "Filin", 1996. - P. 239-242. Schwalbe B., Schwalbe H. Decree. Op. - P. 12-13.

In this case, the value system of each person can change over time.

As you can see, the success criteria for different people in different periods of time can be different. However, as stated in Yu. Kozeletsky's book The Psychological Theory of Solutions, as the civilization develops, the level of knowledge of people grows, the result of the activity increasingly depends on the personality traits of the person. In other words, individual success, the success of the firm's activities, the successes of a society increasingly depend on the personal characteristics and business potential of the employee and increasingly assume its influence on achieving this success.

It should also be noted that individual success depends on the circumstances and trends characteristic of a particular period. In a period of stability, success is usually considered to be promotion through the professional ladder, while in times of crisis it can be considered a success to preserve the same workplace. But there is a success that can be measured in a literal sense, as in sports, for example.

Concluding the consideration of the phenomenon of "success" and its role in human activities, as a conclusion we note that the idea of ​​success is quite suitable for explaining the purpose, the meaning of a business career. In fact, the need for success is universal and, therefore, can be considered as the initial element of motivation and successful business behavior. At the same time, the degree of realization of this need depends on the personality traits and business characteristics of the individual, that is, this idea is suitable for explaining the individual career of each employee. In addition, if we regard the next success in the business sphere as a stepping stone to the next success, a business career can be presented as a movement along the path of success. As success in business life alternates with setbacks, this idea is suitable for explaining both an ascending, horizontal, and downward career. And, finally, the criterion of success is convenient for self-assessment, and therefore, can be used as an indicator of the effectiveness of self-management of a business career.