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Analіz іnvestitsіynih proektіv - Schukіn BM

TOPIC 10. ORGANІZATSІYA UPRAVLІNNYA PROJECT

Upravlіnnya іnvestitsіynim project - tse processes organіzatsії vikoristannya fіnansovih, labor i materіalnih resursіv project s metoyu dosyagnennya posed tsіley in naykraschy sposіb.

Upravlіnnya project realіzuєtsya yak complex postіyno povtoryuvanih Act reasonably:

o podіl usіh robіt at the Etap after hour i obsyagami;

o viznachennya obsyagіv neobhіdnih resursіv i їh Jerel (sposobіv zabezpechennya);

o priznachennya keruyuchih for skin viokremlenogo Etap robіt;

o dobіr vikonavtsіv;

o rozrobka in chasі minutes for ob'єktami plan-grafіka vikonannya that fіnansuvannya robіt for the project;

o rozrobka uzagalnenogo koordinatsіynogo plan-grafіka realіzatsії project;

o organіzatsіya monіtoringu robіt on skin that etapі zagalom for the project;

o analіz zagalnogo go realіzatsії project i koriguvannya dіyuchih planіv;

o rіshen of acceptance (in razі required) schodo zmіni realіzatsії plan project (already before making for Change project at abo rіshennya of acceptance about the project vihіd s) zagalom chi yogo warehouses;

o complex zahodіv znizhennya іnvestitsіynogo riziku. Fіnansovu (Mainova) vіdpovіdalnіst for the results of the project realіzatsії Nese peredusіm іnvestor. INSHI Project participants carry vіdpovіdalnіst in furrows dogovіrnih zobov'yazan for ukladenimi contracts.

Vazhlivim zavdannyam upravlіnnya project Je profesіyne opratsyuvannya dogovorіv s Project participants h metoyu pererozpodіlu Chastain fіnansovoї vіdpovіdalnostі іnvestora mіzh Project participants. Tse zabezpechuє zhorstku uzgodzhenіst and otzhe, a temple rіven zatsіkavlenostі uchasnikіv project in the results of skin Etap robіt scho polegshuє koordinatsіyu realіzatsії project.

Organіzatsіyna form upravlіnnya project Mauger peredbachati kіlka types of schemes vzaєmodії zamovnika (іnvestora) i pіdryadnih organіzatsіy scho take fate in realіzatsії project:

o sent messages vsіh povnovazhen (i fіnansovogo riziku) konsaltingovіy fіrmі yak head-menedzherovі project;

o organіzatsіya systems for contractual vіdnosin mіzh іnvestorom i pіdpriєmstvami - Project participants in the furrows robіt, SSMSC Cutaneous s them vikonuє for the project (Ale koordinatsіyu bere on itself odne s іnvestora of companies);

o podіl project two Etap - stvorennya іnvestitsіynogo ob'єkta "pid key" (vіdpovіdalnіst Nese zgіdno s contract spetsіalno naynyate pіdpriєmstvo - Head Manager tsogo Etap) i ekspluatatsіya ob'єkta (vіdpovіdalnіst Nese molded direktsіya ob'єkta yak new pіdpriєmstva chi dіyucha direktsіya pіdpriєmstva scho Yea base for the project).

Square od schemes vzaєmodії Especially values ​​toil povnota i yakіst opratsyuvannya dogovіrnih vіdnosin mіzh іnvestorom i Project participants.

In zagalnomu viglyadі processes upravlіnnya project peredbachaє nayavnіst these types of procedures:

o planuvannya - rozrobka poslіdovnostі maybutnіh Act reasonably s metoyu dosyagnennya posed promіzhnih i kіntsevih tsіley;

o organіzatsіya - rozpodіl robіt, vіdpovіdalnostі that resursіv (labor, fіnansovih, materіalnih, hour) for realіzatsії project;

o Monitoring - porіvnyannya planned parametrіv robіt іz factuality of acceptance i koriguyuchih rіshen.

Tsі funktsії zdіysnyuyutsya in tsiklіchnomu vzaєmopov'yazanomu rezhimі. On osnovі rezultatіv control over processes koriguvannya okremih robіt abo project zagalom vіdbuvaєtsya perehіd to funktsії new planuvannya, organіzatsії vikonannya planіv, toscho control.

Planuvannya zabezpechuє іnformatsіynu upravlіnnya base for the project. Vіdpovіdno to preformed planіv realіzatsії project organіzovuyut i koordinuyut robots s project vikoristovuyut resources dosyagayut promіzhnih tsіley, priymayut rіshennya about neobhіdnіst vtruchannya realіzatsії processes in the project.

Organіzuyucha funktsіya upravlіnnya project peredbachaє:

o rozpodіl roles i vіdpovіdalnostі mіzh managers;

o formuvannya іnformatsіynih zv'yazkіv mіzh managers (usіh lanok);

o th formuvannya pіdtrimku mehanіzmіv vikonannya priynyatih rіshen;

o motivatsіy system for personnel (usіh rіvnіv) yaky realіzuє project.

Pobudova efektivnoї Control systems peredbachaє nayavnіst planіv, systems zvіtnostі about їh vikonannya, systems analіzu vikonannya planіv, tehnologії reaguvannya on processes realіzatsії project. Tehnologіchno funktsіya control - tse monіtoring will project (zbirannya zvіtnih danih) analіz stream will project formuvannya koriguyuchih vplivіv on processes realіzatsії project.

Zagalna organіzatsіya upravlіnnya project Got pererostati in yakіsnu pіdgotovku i realіzatsіyu operational upravlіnnya project.

Operational upravlіnnya, tobto postіyny bezposerednіy vpliv on project resources, peredbachaє rozrobku th realіzatsіyu:

o calendar, detalіzovanogo after hour i Etap plan vikonannya robіt;

o Budget kapіtalnih vitrat i nadhodzhennya koshtіv;

o Budget precisely penny dohodіv i vitrat. Rozroblyuyuchi kalendarnі plans, project manager keruyutsya

Pevnyi principles vimogami i scho zabezpechuyut efektivnosti role calendar planіv in schodennіy organіzatsії robіt for the project (see Figure 10.1.):

o detalіzatsіya robіt;

o realіstichnіst tsіley i zavdan;

o viznachennya for kozhnoї robots vіdpovіdalnogo manager;

o urahuvannya neobhіdnostі planuvannya rezervіv hour;

o priznachennya vіdpovіdalnogo pratsіvnika for skin Etap realіzatsії project;

o postіyny control vikonannyam planned zavdan;

o schodenne koriguvannya planіv (in furrows nayavnih zapasіv i rezervіv hour) s urahuvannyam dosyagnutih rezultatіv;

o vikoristannya for personnel Sistemi motivatsії to pratsі zgіdno s calendar plan.

Fig. 10.1. Zavdannya calendar planіv in keruvannі project

Taqiy pіdhіd to vikoristannya calendar planіv daє zmogu zabezpechiti їh informal role in operativnіy robotі menedzherіv project.

Robots for the project іstotno rіznyatsya fallow od Etap realіzatsії project: pіdgotovchy perіod; rozrobka proektnoї dokumentatsії; repair and budіvelnі robots; budіvelno-montazhnі robots; nalagodzhennya ustatkuvannya; pіdgotovka ob'єkta to launch; osvoєnnya proektnoї potuzhnostі; Flow ekspluatatsіya ob'єkta; ustatkuvannya dismantling; lіkvіdatsіya ob'єkta. Tom detalіzatsіya calendar planіv Got Booty rіznoyu vіdpovіdno to Etap realіzatsії project.

Reserve an hour on neperedbachenі zatrimki in robotі mozhut dosyagati 10%.

Control over vikonannyam calendar planіv manager zdіysnyuєtsya for grafіkom. Porіvnyannya yogo s planned termіnami staє bazoyu for stimulyuvannya vikonavtsya skin.

In praktitsі stream upravlіnnya draft budget Je fіnansovim korotkostrokovim plan scho uzgodzhuє neobhіdnі vitrati, diferentsіyovanі for species i їh zabezpechennya penny. Rozroblyuyut Tsey s plan urahuvannyam calendar planіv vikonannya robіt, koshtorisnoї vartostі kozhnoї Robot i zagalnogo plan fіnansuvannya project. Zazvichay potochnі budget detalіzuyut in chasі s tochnіstyu to tizhnya, decades, mіsyatsya (rіdshe - day).

Budget kapіtalnih vitrat dіє on etapі stvorennya іnvestitsіynogo ob'єkta, if realіzatsіya project pov'yazana perevazhno іz zdіysnennyam іnvestitsіynih vitrat i pіdgotovkoyu ob'єkta to virobnitstva tovarіv that poslug. Budget kapіtalnih vitrat peredbachaє rozshifruvannya sum kapіtalnih vitrat i nadhodzhennya koshtіv, neobhіdnih for pokrittya required in kapіtalnih vitratah.

Kapіtalnі vitrati skladayutsya s vitrat on pridbannya i Introduction Main fondіv (i budіvel sporud, machinery i mehanіzmіv, ustatkuvannya) s nematerіalnih aktivіv, podatkovih that іnshih obov'yazkovih platezhіv, pov'yazanih s formuvannyam aktivіv project.

Nadhodzhennya koshtіv for pokrittya required in kapіtalnih vitratah in byudzhetі detalіzuєtsya for їh Jerel: vlasnі Costa іnvestora, zaluchenі (aktsіonerny kapіtal, payovy kapіtal, Costa partnerіv) pozikovі (bankіvsky credit emіsіya oblіgatsіy) that lіzingovі.

Flow іnvestitsіynogo budget for the project rozroblyuyut perіodu virobnitstva tovarіv that poslug, tobto for potochnoї ekspluatatsії project. Tsey budget balance harakterizuє mіzh income vitratami th od gospodarskoї dіyalnostі the project.

Sered precisely vitrat project dotsіlno viokremiti takі:

o th sirovina materіali;

o th palivo energіya;

o komplektuyuchі virobi;

o payment pratsі s narahuvannyami;

o depreciation mainly fondіv;

o INSHI pryamі vitrati;

o nakladnі vitrati.

Potochnі Income skladayutsya s gross income od realіzatsії viroblenoї produktsії that іnshih poslug.

Rіznitsya mіzh penny flows precisely dohodіv i vitrat Je Main results of the project whether yaky quickly kontrolovany perіod hour, tobto precisely pributkom. Tse Dzherelo Povernennya vkladenih mainly in the following project koshtіv i otrimannya pure pributku for project Ponad іnvestovanі Costa.

Specific forms of operational upravlіnnya project Je monіtoring (vіdstezhennya stream will project on osnovі zazdalegіd organіzovanoї іnformatsіynoї Sistemi agregovanoї zvіtnostі) realіzatsії іnvestitsіynogo project. Zavdannya monіtoringu polyagaє in svoєchasnomu viyavlennі Find our znizhennya efektivnostі project (abo vіdhilen od plan vikonannya robіt) i realіzatsії zahodіv for vіdnovlennya planning processes (pokaznikіv) realіzatsії project.

Monіtoring peredbachaє stvorennya spetsіalnoї іnformatsіynoї Sistemi zbirannya that obrobki Informácie i rіshen of acceptance:

o dobіr klyuchovih areas for vіdstezhennya vikonannya robіt for the project (project chi) abo yogo Etap;

o vibіr neobhіdnogo іntervalu perіodichnostі pobudovi uzagalnenoї otsіnki vikonannya robіt;

o pobudova ієrarhіchnoї systems Alarm pokaznikіv scho harakterizuyut nayvazhlivіshі moments funktsіonuvannya kozhnoї vibranoї for sposterezhennya estate projects;

o stvorennya algoritmіv rozrahunku uzagalnenih otsіnok on osnovі danih about Signal Flow rіven pokaznikіv;

o analіz zagalnoї situatsії on osnovі complex otrimanih Agra-otsіnok marina facilities;

o of acceptance rіshennya schodo koriguvannya planіv i Robot menedzherіv for lіkvіdatsії vіdhilen od dіyuchih planіv.

In razі pogіrshennya situatsії, yak nemozhlivo vipraviti precisely zasobami, priymayut rіshennya about pripinennya robіt i vihіd s project. Tse Got Booty spetsіalno organіzovany Act reasonably complex іz sale (tsіlkom chi chastkovo) aktivіv project in a short termіn i s mіnіmalnimi vtratami.

Vihіd s project Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya in rіznih forms fallow od forecast vtrat, otsіnki situatsії in proektі th at the market:

o pripinennya robіt (naychastіshe tse vіdbuvaєtsya on pochatkovіy stadії project) without aktivіv sale;

o Sales ob'єkta yak tsіlіsnogo complex (Tse Mauger vіdbutisya on stadії ekspluatatsії);

o Sales aktivіv project Chastain;

o zaluchennya dodatkovogo partnerskogo kapіtalu i zmenshennya Vlasnyi Paju in proektі;

o aktsіonuvannya aktivіv project (at zmenshennі Vlasnyi aktsіy package) i vtrata Chastain abo vsіh rights upravlіnnya project;

o Sales aktivіv project yak ob'єkta UNFINISHED budіvnitstva;

o zamorozhuvannya robіt for the project on neviznacheny hour.

Criticality rіshennya about vihіd s project priymayut in razі seryoznoї zagrozi kapіtalu іnvestora. The reasons of acceptance of such rіshennya mozhut zmіni Buti yak at zovnіshnomu seredovischі project, so i vnutrіshnі design challenge. Perelіk types such situatsіy іlyustruє Fig. 10.2.

Fig. 10.2. Mozhlivі pripinennya robіt Reasons behind the project

In razі of acceptance rіshennya about realіzatsіyu іnvestitsіynogo project Main Find our scho give zmogu prognozuvati yakіsne keruvannya the Future project, Je takі:

o profesіonalіzm i dosvіd, dіlovі of Quality menedzherіv project їh chіtke rozumіnnya maybutnoї Sistemi upravlіnnya project;

o detalnіst (at chasі minutes for Etap) rozrobki dokumentatsії the project, yogo Especially kіlkіsnih storіn, i pogliblene obgruntuvannya (rozkrittya) skin PROVISIONS chi tverdzhennya scho mіstitsya in proektі;

o nayavnіst rezervіv i zapasіv (hour, fіnansovih materіalnih resursіv i) have plans realіzatsії project;

o vnutrіshnya uzgodzhenіst project (uzgodzhenіst okremih Chastain rozdіlіv i);

o domіnuvannya in fіnansuvannі project Vlasnyi koshtіv іnvestora over pozikovimi that zaluchenimi, pragnennya rozrobnikіv at obgruntuvannі ekonomіchnoї Chastain project mіnіmіzuvati borgovі zobov'yazannya, skladayuchi fіnansovy project;

o podіl project on Cherga, cutaneous s yakih pіslya completion robіt i Introduction to dіyu spromozhna samostіyno pratsyuvati i prinositi іnvestorovі dohіd;

o pіdtverdzheny yakіsny management at pіdpriєmstvі on bazі yakogo peredbachaєtsya realіzovuvati project;

o nayavnіst in proektі plan upravlіnnya project i yogo informal zmіst;

o rіven Znannya th rozumіnnya іnіtsіatorom project zmіstu i yogo Especially vіdpovіdno to podanoї dokumentatsії (informally obіznanіst s details to the project);

o nayavnіst in proektі dogovіrnogo suprovodzhennya project (maybutnіh kontraktіv mіzh Project participants).

Power for self-control

1. The value ponyattya "upravlіnnya project."

2. Yak іnvestor Got organіzuvati upravlіnnya project, yaky yogo kapіtal contribution?

3. SSMSC osnovnі organіzatsіynі fun- upravlіnnya project Je vazhlivimi in realnіy іnvestitsіynіy dіyalnostі?

4. Hto Nese mainly vіdpovіdalnіst іnvestitsіynogo for the results of the project? Yak tse Got vplivati ​​on yogo dії? We Got chomu proyavlyatisya zhorstkіst іnvestora at upravlіnnі project?

5. Vіdmіnnіst mіzh zhorstkim i m'yakim upravlіnnyam project. Chi Mauger Buti vzagalі upravlіnnya project m'yakim?

6. Process Skladovі upravlіnnya project.

7. Skladannya calendar grafіkіv vikonannya robіt the project.

8. Yak bi Wee gets upravlіnnya staff for the project?

9. Meta i zmіst monіtoringu realіzatsії project.

10. Jake value for the project realіzatsії Got opratsyuvannya contract vіdnosin mіzh yogo uchasnikami? Shcho Je mainly in tsіy robotі?

11. Vіdmіnnіst "operational upravlіnnya" od "upravlіnnya" project? Find our SSMSC svіdchat about those processes scho upravlіnnya "RAM"?

12. Upravlіnnya poєdnuє planuvannya, company profile i control. Chi rіznyatsya tsі aspects upravlіnnya?

13. Yak zatsіkaviti staff project yogo kіntsevih results?

14. Osnovnі fun- rozrobki calendar planіv for tsіley upravlіnnya project.

15. Zmіst i meta rozrobki kapіtalnogo i-line byudzhetіv project. In chomu їh vіdmіnnіst?

16. Yak organіzuvati monіtoring project? Shcho smut in monіtoringu - zbirannya Informácie Chi Flow control?

17. W yakoyu metoyu minutes if koriguyut plan? Chi treba obmezhuvati Bazhannya koriguvati Plagne realіzatsії project?

18. Zmіst organіzatsії vihodu s project. Yak tse vіdbuvaєtsya? Kriterії otsіnki tsogo processes.

19. Causes of acceptance rіshennya about vihіd s project.

20. Find our yakimi mozhna prognozuvati scho project upravlyatimetsya efektivnosti?

21. yakih forms Mauger vіdbuvatisya vihіd s project?

22. Tipovі pomilki upravlіnnya project.

Literature [1, p. 58-64, 304-336; 2, p. 266-270, 381-383; 4, p. 98-119; 8, p. 448-460]