Estetika - Liauchuk LT

§ 2. PONYATTYA BEZPOSEREDNOSTІ the I "PRISUTNOSTІ" In HUDOZHNOMU OBRAZІ

Hudozhnіy image vazhlivy for Mistetstvo not just svoїm funktsіonuvannyam i priznachennyam. Tse form yogo Butt. Mi talked about іdealnіst, about znyattya Sotho fіzichnoї materіalnostі in mistetstvі s Relief image, about Yogo eydetichnu zdatnіst pam'yattyu Buti, about mozhlivu pіslyadіyu vzhe spriynyatogo create. However, not in E Torquay not Mensch vagomoї osoblivostі hudozhnogo image - Yogo zdatnostі nablizhuvati hour (s passed chi maybutnogo) i predstavlyati zobrazhuvane i sama here today. Zauvazhimo at tsomu, scho not slіd upodіbnyuvati ponyattya prisutnіst deprivation s bezposerednіstyu shown publicly. Bezposerednіst on vіdmіnu od abstragovanostі Mauger dosyagatisya zavdyaki obraznostі in konkretnіy chuttєvostі, asotsіativnostі, tobto - not ponyatіyne sudzhennya argument and hudozhnє mislennya First experiences in obrazі. Well all the I bezposerednіst - Tse deprivation peredumova prisutnostі, yak Got dіstati rozgornutіst hour i expanse, move our uyavu i spіvperezhivannya in epіtsentr podії, zmusiti "Buti" s time Zhittya hudozhnogo image. The I Yakscho tsogo vdaєtsya dosyagti, pobachiti on vlasnі ochі, pochuti i vіdchuti єstvom svoїm Yednist in odnіy chasovіy i prostorovіy bezperervnostі, moralnіy atmosferі, you can vpevnenim Buti, scho s neperesіchnim maєmo the right solution. Mova's not about Boxed yakes utvorennya vіri th ototozhnen currently geroєm h. Just past Lots Other pro - pro dovіru to vlasnoї hudozhnoї Nature i hudozhnogo talent Mitzi stvoryuvati prisutnіst and otzhe, privoditi to naybіlsh CREATIVE will dіyalnіst uyavi that vnutrіshnogo Buchan, if, napriklad word nabiraє plastichnoї povnoti i viraznostі.

Mistetstvo - tse not deprivation mislennya in images vono Je takozh mislennyam prisutnіstyu plasticity. In tvorchostі Chekhov, O. Kuprіna, Gorky character, the plot i navіt okremі naymenshі detalі nabuvali tієї zhivoї plastichnoї prisutnostі, yak zіgrіvaє CREATIVE spirit uyavi, ochevidnostі of scho vіdbuvaєtsya. The I tse іlyustrativnіst not easy, there is foldable asotsіatsіya vrazhen i dumok. In L. Kostenko znahodimo "Stitch by yakіy vzhe tіlki snіg іde", "Samoth itself", "sivy spomin" 9.

Prisutnіst Je odnієyu s naydivovizhnіshih vlastivostey Mistetstvo, yak s Relief image nadaє mozhlivіst Buti Niby participant zvershennya podії, include at neї. Navіt fantastichnі, transtsendentnі Sealy in mistetstvі nabirayut konkretnoї prisutnostі in uyavі chi zobrazhennі. Vtyaguvannya the atmosphere dіystva іgrovoї prisutnostі robit Mistetstvo emotsіyno vplivovim, zbudlivim. Epіchnі genres zvernenі to geroїchnih passed podіy, no getting around without dwellers Kartini boule spovnenі visible image, and indirect perekaz nablizhav to uyavlyuvanih dosit relєfno zobrazhuvanih predmetіv (klasichny the stock inventory, sent messages through rozpovіd about ozdoblennya sword znahodimo in "Іlіadі" Homer) . Chim obraznіshe vdaєtsya mittsevі nabliziti zobrazhuvany Svit to іlyuzії spravzhnoї yogo prisutnostі, team bіlshe nadaєtsya space for fantazії i uyavi retsipієnta. Ale fotografіchne Transferred s prototype in the image viyavlyaєtsya not samodostatnіm.

To dwellers Why visibly plastically virazlivoyu i before Well perekonlivoyu, prisutnіst in mistetstvі (obraznіst in її bezposerednіy protsesualnostі) dіstaєtsya, z point Zora tvorchoї peredumovi, Duzhe easy. Lachey spravzhnіm talents i genіyam pіdvladne Mistetstvo Povernennya obrazovі Zhittya in Yogo relєfnostі i hudozhno-pochuttєvih peretvorennyah. I. Franco vіdnosit Give Alіg'єrі to "nayvidatnіshih reprezentantіv serednovіchnoї tsivіlіzatsії" I0. Sing-i vignanets one hto vіdchuvav in sobі prorotstvo genіya, alloys voєdino Dvi velikі pristrastі- Buchan entered svitu in vlasnіy uyavі i Kohannya force - one poetichnu rozpovіd. Florentsіya zbagnula soon, who won in vtratila svoєmu nepokіrnomu sinovі. In doslіdzhennі tvorchostі th individual poet I. Franco zvertaєtsya to analіzu Especially the gift of Mitzi, yaky alive zdatny relєfno i, s tochnіstyu to detalі, vіdtvoriti vіdchuttya prisutnostі in most dіystvі. Maєtsya on uvazі "Divine komedіya" nezvazhayuchi on її alegorizm, fantastichnіst, mіfologіzm samoї situatsії. I. Franco vislovlyuє svoє zahoplennya Tim yak away poetovі opovіsti about all those scho himself vіn bachiv on vlasnі ochі, about quiet people s yakimi acknowledging, about yakih Chuv "s yakih that traditsіyami Look Alive, borovsya abo zgodzhuvavsya. ... Vіn opovіdaє all so clear i memo plastic, for scho yogo arhіtektori show could zrisuvati dokladnі Plagne baked and nezlіchenі malaria mіnіatyuristi she threw on the canvas at that Papir

In L. Kostenko: Vibrane. K., 1989. With 15, 41.

Franco I. J. Dante Alіg'єrі. K., 1965. On the software.

way, splodnenі yogo fantazієyu in їh uyavі "." Do not zdayutsya yogo geroї postoronnіmi, vigadanimi, oskіlki th rozpovіd Veda Dante od Statement NKVD. axis there vіn CCB, bachiv those i those pochuvav sama so. Tsey zasіb nablizhaє dіyu to konkretnoї uyavi. vodnochase vіritsya to those scho Svit all postaє before our ochima, yak, skazhіmo in zobrazhennі paintings "Last Judgment" Mіkelandzhelo "if the I INSHI epopeї, -. stverdzhuє I. Franko - painted one zverhnіy's World cold spokіyno - Dante malyuє yogo in nayvischіm napruzhennі chuttya, propuskaє krіz prism chuttya, nemovbi all svit swim krutivsya i tremtіv on Hvilya yogo Mogutnov chuttya ... Vіn malyuє the entire universe, all velichezny Budinok svitu "12.

Vіdoma thesis V. Bєlіnskogo about those scho zavdannya science - bring іstinu s Relief silogіzmіv understand i have mistetstvі oznachaє Show for chogo potrіbne shaped mislennya. Tse sudzhennya zalishaєtsya dosit perekonlivim principle in poyasnennі sutnostі Mistetstvo. However ni Where Money Does not razі mozhna zvoditi yogo to іlyustrativіzmu in mistetstvі, fotografіchnostі th kopіyuvannya. Tsі tendentsії nerіdko viyavlyalisya zgubnimi, and avant-garde estetitsі served criticality argument nepriynyattі realіstichnih traditsіy image in mistetstvі poperednіh vіkіv. Right here is not the I stіlki in neznannі zakonіv umovnostі in hudozhnomu zobrazhennі visible, skіlki in Pevnyi conceptual pozitsіyah mittsіv i teoretikіv. Napriklad, naturalіzm hudozhnіh poshukіv, on grounds іdeyah pozitivіzmu, bіologіzmu, lyudskih іnstinktіv not nablizhaє phenomenon prisutnostі and vіddalyaє Yogo, in addition scho mayzhe nomu znіmaєtsya efekt іdealnostі, uyavi, prodovzhennya i dinamіzm establishment of the way in sub'єktivnіy іnterpretatsії retsipієnta. For prisutnostі in mistetstvі vazhlivim Je not the end dії, zamknutіst image in Yogo kіnechnostі and Givet rozkrittya yogo nepovtornostі. Vrazhennya prisutnostі pіdsilyuєtsya th tim, scho mi sama Niby znenatska zastaєmo. Sposterezhuvane rozkrivaєtsya not zovnіshnіy harakteristitsі, and samoharakteristitsі through vchinok, dіyu, gesture at yavlennі vsogo pobachenogo.

On vlastivіst Mistetstvo carry sobі efekt prisutnostі zvernuv uwagi vzhe zgaduvany contact Jose Ortega y Gasset i. Stosuєtsya tse, zokrema, painting i lіteraturi, if fіlosof talk about those, scho zobrazhuvany subject

11 Ibid. C. III.

12 Ibid. With 112.

Mauger Buti representation bezposeredno, movbi vіch-on-vіch in usіy povnotі Butt, yogo "absolyutnіy prisutnostі". For bіlshoї perekonlivostі th rozumіnnya "prisutnostі» by inducing specific butt in zvertannі to Stendhal's novel "Red i nintendo". The plot is happening at the Mauger Buti sent messages kіlkoh words, the ale bude konstatatsіya podії. Pismennik same predstavlyaє podіyu "in bezposerednіy dіysnostі, in reality" '*.

Otzhe, Mauger Buti perekaz chi chi rozpovіd about those Lots Other yavische and Mauger Buti modelyuvannya Yogo, іmіtatsіya, the object layout and Mistetstvo there bude, bo dumb way i live Ruhu prisutnostі. "Іmperativ novel - prisutnіst. Not govorіt meni, yaky character - I blame pobachiti yogo naochno "14. Priznachennya Mistetstvo, vvazhaє іspansky mislitel Ortega, polyagaє in uniknennі zvichnogo sign i dosyagnennі the object itself. "Rushіy Mistetstvo - chudodіyna zhaga bachiti". Tse takozh yogo vislіv scho prodovzhuєtsya rozmіrkovuvannyam over Tim yak vazhlivo for Mistetstvo, zokrema painting zvertatisya to іmpresіonіstichnogo zasobu scho zrushuє i provokuє our uyavu on dopovnennya in spriynyattі on vnutrіshnє Buchan tsogo way, i yaky, nareshtі, sponukaє to "zhivoї prisutnostі "15.
Obviously, the right not to deprivation іmpresіonіstichnomu metodovі The images at navіt nayshirshomu yogo tlumachennі, protipostavlenomu povnіy zavershenostі th "mumіfіkova-nostі" (termіn author of Well) Item skorіsh right in the fact scho for yogo Mistetstvo komunіkativna funktsіya stakeholders in samіy prirodі hudozhnostі image. Vono zavorozhuє navіt svoєyu prihovanoyu prisutnіstyu, svoєyu zdatnіstyu stvoryuvati uyavlennya perebuvan in prostorі i chasі - "now" i "here". Hudozhnіy image, yak nіyaky Inshyj zasіb, zdatny visibly i have bi moviti, stereofonіchno perenositi uyavu, dosyagayuchi prisutnostі in spіlkuvannі s Mistetstvo. Yak yak i bagato written slit bagato th doninі zalishilosya zagadkovogo in posmіshtsі znamenitoї "Mona Lisa" - Moni Lіzi (bl 1503 p..) Leonardo da Vіnchі, "Portrait of Jeannie Samarі" Robot P.-O. Renoir (1876 p.) Daє mozhlivіst perekonatisya, naskіlki promovistoyu Mauger Buti beauty duhovnostі th zhivih emotsіynih bounty.

A zovsіm іnsha situatsіya prisutnostі axis. Picture

13 José Ortega y Gasset. Aesthetics. Philosophy of Culture. Moscow, 1991.

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid. With 266.

K. Petrov-Vodkіna "Bathing Cervone horse" (1912 p.), Scho takozh viklikala bagato sudzhen yak yavische originality in new mistetstvі. Here truncated zupinilosya, Niby in kadrі, overtaken in kontrastі dinamіki crimson, nasichenogo plasticity tsіlіsnіstyu koloru zdiblenogo horse i look, scho s zupinivsya yakoyus dramatic vіddalenіstyu, that young vershnika on nomu. Ale ve not say scho painting itself is not Nese in sobі prisutnostі. Vaughn just vtyaguє glyadacha svoїm dinamіzmom kolorіv contrast, relєfu, statics i Ruhu, fіlosofіchnіstyu sensei.

Ernest Hemіnguey in svoїh slavnozvіsnih "As someone podzvіn", "i Old Sea", yak i in іnshih create, reachable lakonіchnimi zasobami movbi "rіzblennya" zrimostі obrazіv; vіn i myself CCB prisutnіy in guschі zobrazhuvanih podіy him.

Koli corpse ukrajins'koho theater korifeїv pid guns Mikhailo Staritskogo pokazuvala vistavi chi is on іstorichnu, chi on bіlsh nablizhenu to suchasnostі ukraїnsku theme (in Ukraїnі, at St. Peterburzі, Moskvі), then usіh vrazhala atmosphere of cleanliness i spravzhnostі pochuttіv, prirodnostі viyavu harakterіv, peyzazhіv , i zvichaїv koloritnostі figurative speech, and bula usomu to poєdnannі ansamblevіst i absolute prisutnіst. That Suvorov pomilivsya used one hto povіriv Bi її pozahudozhnyu naturalnіst. That Bulo Vysoke Mistetstvo, zahopleno otsіnene K Stanіslavskim, yaky usієyu svoєyu estetichno-theater systems spovіduvav bezposerednіst experiences in vіru actor vіru in prisutnіst of Zhittya.

Eydetichny image, light i vіlny, yak efіr (Tse to get used to the word metaphorically znachennі: for uyavlennyam starodavnіh grekіv, verhnіy promenisty ball povіtrya - Location perebuvannya bogіv) prisutnіyv svіdomostі i pam'yatі suspіlstva, tsivіlіzatsіynoї system. For svoєyu by nature vіn іdealny i nalezhit to type obrazіv-simvolіv, obrazіv-nagaduvan. Promovisty butt takoї eydetichnoї іdealnostі image znahodimo in mіrkuvannyah fіzika Nіlsa Bora schodo Location shekspіrіvskogo Hamlet (for rozpovіddyu yogo Colegio Heisenberg). Pov'yazane tse Location іz famous castle of Kronborg - dіtischem datskogo King Frіdrіha II. Yak vіdomo, dosit stingy, napіvlegendarna zgadka in hronіkah about Hamlet - Prince datskogo - lyagla based genіalnogo creates anglіyskogo playwright V. Shekspіra. Yea i Vazhlivimi tsіkavimi for us sudzhennya dvoh vidatnih vchenih, bіlshe tim, scho stink at svoїh sposterezhennyah not deprivation of fіzichnoyu kartinoyusvіtu and second duhovnіstyu svіdomostі in Helsinki Human nіkoli Mistetstvo not punched.

Bohr zvertaє uwagi to those scho zgaduvany Kronborg Castle pochinaє mіnyatis, yak tіlki z'yavlyaєtsya zgadka about those scho here alive Hamlet. Zvichayno, navіt i to tsogo mozhut vinikati pevnі asotsіatsії, passed way, i starovinoyu ovіyanі legends, sagas about voyovnichіst vіkіngіv. Tse dopovnyuє vrazhennya zagalnoї Kartini іdealnostі uyavlen. Zgіdno nashoї science mіrkuє Bohr, potrіbno vvazhati castle zmurovany s kamenіv, really, i mi nasolodzhuєmos forms in SSMSC їh Sklave arhіtektor. Kamenі, green rows, derev'yane rіzblennya in tserkvі spravdі utvoryuyut real sporudu.

So Kazhe fіzik. That axis away hіd yogo Dumka svіdchit about prisutnіst sama quiet dematerіalіzuyuchih, іdealіzuyuchih chinnikіv on SSMSC zdatny eydetichny image. "In tsomu usomu rіvnim rank nіchogo not mіnyaєtsya, if mi uznaєmo scho here alive Hamlet - so analіzuє svoє spriynyattya castle N. Bor.- all of I w, the last trump vіn staє іnshim lock. Stіni i krіposnі wali at once pochinayut govorito іnshoyu movoyu. Dvir castle staє tsіlim svіtom, dark nook nagaduє about wraith lyudskoї dushі, mi chuєmo zapitannya "Booty Booty chi no?" І6. Іdealne nachebto sama zmіstilosya in realnіst Butt i konkretnoї uyavi, Hoch, yak tse nagaduє about Niels Bohr, nіhto not bring Mauger, scho Hamlet spravdі іsnuvav i linger in the Same tsomu castle. "Ale s Leather We Knows - zauvazhuє vcheny - SSMSC power pov'yazav Shekspіr s CIM, the SSMSC bezodnі vіn at tsomu visvіtliv so scho stvoreny image neodmіnno him guilty CCB otrimati Location on zemlі i vіn znayshov Location here in Kronborg. Ale yak about E tіlki tse dіznaєmos, Kronborg Castle іnshim staє the last trump. "

Same psihologіchne yavische zapam'yatovuvannya, in a wide cultural znachennі zberezhennya tsіnnostey in svіdomostі suspіlstva for Relief іdealnostі (eydetichnos-Ti) image Got rіznomanіtnі svoї manifest. Torkaєtsya vono not deprivation soulfully specific predmetіv i їhnoї umovnoї dematerіalіzatsії and th Especially vzaєmozv'yazku cultural epochs, іstorichnogo Ruhu image. Guidance butt takoї svoєrіdnoї emanatsії chi z'yavlennya in pam'yatі

16 Werner Heisenberg. Physics and Philosophy. Part and whole. VM 1989.

17 Ibid.

Hamlet poodinoky not, that scho Tse zagalne been approved, usually obrazіv-simvolіv.

These tsіlimi svіtami Well, i іdealnіstyu pam'yattyu postayut Cathedral in Ravennі, Sofiya Kyivska, Sіkstinska Capela Mіkelandzhelo in Vatikanі. Netlіnnіst іdealnogo yak symbol in obraznіy sistemі svіtospriymannya vіdznachaєtsya svoєyu prisutnіstyu in vsezagalnіy pam'yatі lyudstva.