home Cultural Ukraїnska that zarubіzhna culture - Vechіrko RM

Ukraїnska that zarubіzhna culture - Vechіrko RM

VUZLOVІ PROBLEMI COURSE "Ukrainian TA ZARUBІZHNA CULTURE"

TEORETICHNІ ambush culture

1. Metodologіchnі through rate.

2. Ponyattya i sutnіst culture.

3. Structure of the culture.

4. Funktsії culture.

5. Kontseptualnі pіdhodi to rozumіnnya kulturotvorchih protsesіv.

6. Spіvvіdnoshennya rozmezhuvannya understand that "culture" is the "tsivіlіzatsіya".

Ponyattya i sutnіst culture

Culture. Shcho mіstit in sobі tse word? Shcho rozumієmo, promovlyayuchi Yogo? Yaky bi mi zmіst not vkladali at tse word ale zavzhdi vihodimo s of scho Yea two svіti, SSMSC otochuyut us: Svit, yaky target us, i svit, yaky mi solubility. Tobto іsnuє's World, Square od us fallow deprivation od God, i svit piece, scho mi target i-soluble schodenno. Svit divovizhny, neosyazhny, rіznobіchny.

Єvgen Malanyuk - ukrainian sings i culturologist - stverdzhuvav: Culture - tse all scho od lyudskogo Rozum, od lyudskoї dіyalnostі.

Ukrainian culture expert Vadim Skuratіvsky nagoloshuє scho culture - tse scrip lyudskoї prisutnostі on Zemlі.

Thus, the culture - tse samorealіzatsіya in Helsinki Human svіtі, її samovirazhennya, sposіb її zhittєdіyalnostі.

Vihodyachi s tsogo can stverdzhuvati scho two svіti dissolved Lyudin:

Odnochasno Lyudin create culture. Culture Je product lyudskoї tvorchostі.

The I tsі two svіti, i Lyudin vzaєmozv'yazanі, funktsіonalno vzaєmozalezhnі:

Tsya vzaєmofunktsіonalnіst i vzaєmozalezhnіst ob'єktivna i yavlyaє him tsіlіsnіst, fallow od lyudskoї dіyalnostі that rіvnya od culture, pіdporyadkovanu Vsesvіtu (Bogovі, Absolute). Tsі vіdnosini mozhna sformulyuvati yak law funktsіonalnoї єdnostі: vzaєmozalezhnostі іsnuvannya nature, i Helsinki Human cultures have Vsesvіtі.

Slіd rozrіznyati in slovnikovomu obіgu termіn (word) i ponyattya culture.

Word for svoїm zmіstom bagatoznachne.

On the cob Svoge viniknennya vono could oznachat:

1. obrobіtok;
2. viroschuvannya, doglyad, plekannya;
3. ushanuvannya.

Tobto іz of cob vono stosuvalos obrobіtku zemlі, Agriculture. When tsomu rozumіnnya obrobіtku zemlі yshlo of order s її vshanuvannyam, shanoblivim representations to neї. Earth, nature obozhnyuvalas, nadіlyalas Lyudin yakostyami spirituality. Uvazhaєtsya scho Vpershe termіn "culture" stosovno duhovnoї (Po- zumovoї) dіyalnostі live vіdomy rimsky speaker Tsіtseron (p 100-43. BC. E.). The "Tustulanskih besіdah" (45 p. BC. E.) Vіn nazivaє fіlosofіyu dushі culture (Cultura animi philosophia est). Plekayuchi, obroblyayuchi svіy Rozum, ushanovuyuchi yogo yak peasants land Lyudin rozvivaє svoї duhovnі zdіbnostі, staє doskonalіshoyu її rozumova dіyalnіst.

The word "culture" nabuvaє values

1. vihovannya, Osvita (rozumova that moral).

Pіznіshe termіn "culture" became spriymatis yak stupіn

1. rozvitku, lyudskoї doskonalostі.

In 1684 r. nіmetsky lawyer i fіlosof S. Pufendorf uzhivaє termіn "culture" for poznachennya suspіlnoї Helsinki Human, yak proyshla processes sotsіalіzatsії (vhodzhennya in suspіlstvo) i vvіbrala a dosyagnennya tsogo suspіlstva. Termіn nabuvaє i moral zmіstu, if Person of viznachaє Meta svoєї povedіnki in suspіlstvі, formuє duhovnі tsіnnostі, spirayuchis on moral obov'yazok, traditsії i zvichaї. Termіn vbiraє a estetichnі Elements lyudskoї dіyalnostі, dedalі chastіshe termіn spriymaєtsya yak self stverdzhennya Helsinki Human (suspіlstva) in prirodі.

Yak Naukova termіn word "culture" has become s vzhivatis Druha half of XVIII century. Sogodnі doslіdniki nazivayut sotnі i navіt Ponad 1000 viznachen culture. Tsі uyavlennya formuvalis protyagom stolіt. Tse th antichnі uyavlennya about lyudsky rozvitok, serednovіchnі (teologіchnі) uyavlennya, prosvіtnitskі simvolіchnі, funktsіonalnі that іn. In knizhtsі rosіyskogo culturologist MS Kagan "Fіlosofіya culture" (SPb., 1996) daєtsya blizko 70 rіznih viznachen culture. On mіzhnarodnomu fіlosofskomu kongresі suggests Ponad 250 viznachen.

Je Cheema sprob uporyadkuvati tsі viznachennya, ob'єdnuyuchi in the group. Zokrema, rozrіznyayut takі groupies viznachen:

Opisovі de perelіchuyutsya okremі Elements i manifest culture (zvichaї, Vidi dіyalnostі, vіruvannya).

Antropologіchnі - traktuyut culture yak sukupnіst produktіv lyudskoї dіyalnostі, Svit speeches scho protistavlyaєtsya prirodі yak Person of the piece stvoreny (Svit zroblenih speeches, nature friend).

Tsіnnіsnі - vihodyat h of culture scho Yea i sukupnіstyu materіalnih spirituality tsіnnostey, stvorenih Lyudin.

Normativnі - stverdzhuyut scho Yea basis of culture of rules, regulations, kotrі regulyuyut Zhittya people.

Adaptivnі - (adaptatsіya - pristosuvannya) - Culture viznachaєtsya yak spetsifіchny view lyudskoї dіyalnostі, zavdyaki yakіy pristosovuyutsya people to nature.

Іstorichnі - pіdkreslyuyut scho culture Yea product іstorії suspіlstva, rozvivaєtsya Shlyakhov uspadkuvannya dosvіdu od pokolіnnya to pokolіnnya (yakih, yak stverdzhuyut uchenі, Bulo Ponad 1200 Yakscho serednіm vіkom pokolіnnya vvazhati rokіv 60).

Funktsіonalnі - harakterizuyut culture through funktsії, SSMSC Won vikonuє in suspіlstvі, i rozglyadayut vzaєmozv'yazok Tsikh funktsіy.

Semіotichnі - their culture traktuєtsya yak znakіv system scho vikoristovuyutsya suspіlstvom (MTIE, pisemnіst, painting, hіmіchnі, matematichnі formulas, musical notation toscho).

Simvolіchnі - zvertaєtsya The basic uwagi on empathy simvolіki in kulturі.

Germenevtichnі - rozglyadayut culture yak sukupnіst tekstіv, SSMSC produkovanі lyudstvom, osmislyuyutsya him that іnterpretuyutsya.

Іdeatsіynі - viznachayut culture yak spirituality Zhittya suspіlstva, potіk іdey.

Didaktichnі - rozglyadayut culture yak lyudskih umіn system of chogo Lyudin navchilas instead uspadkuvala genetichno.

Sotsіologіchnі - rozglyadayut culture yak chinnik organіzatsії suspіlnogo Zhittya, yak sukupnіst printsipіv, sotsіalnih іnstitutіv, regulyuyuchih dіyalnіst lyudskogo suspіlstva.

In kozhnіy s group viznachen pіdkreslyuyutsya іstotnі RISS culture.

In ukraїnskіy kulturologії give takі viznachennya:

"Culture - tse sukupnіst materіalnih that spiritual tsіnnostey, viroblenih lyudstvom protyagom usієї іstorії and takozh own processes їh creations i rozpodіlu" (NY Gorbach).

Author pіdruchnika "Teorіya that Istoria i svіtovoї vіtchiznyanoї culture" for red. AK Bicske skhilnі to such zagalnogo viznachennya:

"Culture - tse spetsifіchny sposіb organіzatsії i rozvitku lyudskoї zhittєdіyalnostі, realіzovany in products materіalnoї i duhovnoї pratsі have sistemі sotsіalnih standards i nastanov, the spiritual tsіnnostyah have sukupnostі vіdnosin mіzh people representations to Helsinki Human Nature i samoї itself."

Author pіdruchnika "Istoria svіtovoї that ukraїnskoї culture" (VA Grechenko, I. V. Chorniy, VA Kushneruk, VA Rezhko) vvazhayut scho "in nayzagalnіshomu viglyadі culture - tse sukupny result produktivnoї dіyalnostі people. In osobistіsnomu rozumіnnі culture - tse pevnі tsіnnostі that rate povedіnki people have sotsіalnomu i otochennі natural. "

In The Teaching posіbniku "Istoria ukraїnskoї that zarubіzhnoї culture" (for Edited by Prof. SM Klapchuka that VF Ostafіychuka -.., K., 1999) culture viznachaєtsya, yak "truncated, scho Person of target, lyudskim suspіlstvom, fіzichnoyu i rozumovoyu Prace the benefit of the Helsinki Human have bіlsh vuzkomu znachennі - іdeyny i moral mill suspіlstva scho viznachaєtsya materіalnimi minds yogo Zhittya (hoch i do not zavzhdi) i viyavlyaєtsya at yogo pobutі, іdeologії, osvіtі, svіdomostі, zhittєvіy aktivnostі, dosyagnennyah science Mistetstvo, lіteraturi, fіzichnomu have that moral vihovannі ".

Ukraїnska culture tsimi Well authors Tlumach yak complex materіalnih, spirituality, іntelektualnih i emotsіynih Figure lyudnostі on etnіchnih of Ukrainian lands i in suspіlstvі scho mіstit not deprivation rіznі Vidi Mistetstvo and second sposіb Zhittya, osnovnі rules lyudskogo Butt, the system tsіnnostey, traditsіy, vіruvan.

Spirayuchis on vischenavedenі butts, culture can viznachiti yak sukupnіst materіalnih i spirituality tsіnnostey, systems that ob'єktіv, stvorenih lyudstvom product spіlnoї zhittєdіyalnostі people uzgodzhenoї viroblenimi rules tehnologіyami, standards moralі s metoyu away spіlnogo іsnuvannya, udoskonalennya, rozvitku zadlya dosyagnennya spravedlivostі, spіlnogo good second usvіdomlennya neobhіdnostі zberezhennya Zhittya on Zemlі

Creator, ob'єktom i sub'єktom culture, її nosієm, її zmіstom i її result Je Lyudin. Person of being bіologіchnoyu іstotoyu, do Inshyj's World, pereroblyayuchi Perche nature ukladayuchi Tsey processes its not tіlki fіzichnu force that energіyu and th cultural, rozumovu, volovu energіyu, SSMSC, yak i materіalnі tsіnnostі, create, nakopichuvalis pid Sontsya tisyacholіttyami, zbagachuyuchi lyudskі Geni, stvoryuyuchi Collective Rozum, culture i stvoryuyuchi odnochasno currently.

Culture, the piece stvoreny's World - tse fact lyudskoї prisutnostі on Zemlі. Edward Taylor - anglіysky culturologist i etnograf - at svoїy pratsі "Pervіsna culture" pіdkreslyuє "W іdealnoї point Zora on culture can be Divit yak on zagalne vdoskonalennya lyudskogo old Shlyakhov vischoї organіzatsії okremoї Helsinki Human s metoyu odnochasnogo spriyannya rozvitku moralnostі, Sealy i Happiness Helsinki Human."

Dwellers zberegti Zhittya, Lyudin kolis navchilas misliti, zahischatis, fight navchilas dіyati, zahopila i pіdkorila sobі water povіtrya, Vogon, Oceania, dosyagaє nayvischih vertices pіdkoryuє space pobuvala on Mіsyatsі. W cutaneous її Kroc takі moralnі tsіnnostі, yak i spravedlivіst good, nablizhuyuchis, odnochasno vіddalyayutsya. Dosyagnennya tsієї methylene sogodnі staє zmіstom culture, smislom lyudskoї dіyalnostі th ob'єktivnogo іsnuvannya.

Cutaneous Person of, narodzhuyuchis, mayuchi pevnі genetichno-kulturnі inclinations, yet I Got pass processes vhodzhennya in suspіlstvo, ovolodіnnya sotsіalnim dosvіdom o'clock, in yaky Won Peoples (tobto processes sotsіalіzatsії), i processes vhodzhennya in culture vivchennya cultural dosvіdu (processes іnkulturatsії). Іnakshe Won zalishitsya on rіvnі deprivation bіologіchnogo mind.

Peretvoryuyuchi nature stvoryuyuchi boxed seredovische lyudskogo іsnuvannya th udoskonalennya, Lyudin do odnochasno's World produktіv lyudskoї pillows - the spiritual realm - nayvazhlivіshu for lyudskogo creations i naynedosyazhnіshu in іdealnomu rozumіnnі. Koli "another nature" mi nazivaєmo materіalnoyu culture, spirituality slіd nazvati other Vsesvіtom. Tse "kingdom lyudskogo Rozum" (AM Karmіn). Collective Rozum nazivaє Tsey spirituality Vsesvit Suchasnyj ukrainian exercises i mislitel OO Krištáľ.
Ponyattya culture TAKE neosyazhne Well, nevicherpne, yak i ponyattya Zhittya. The I tse not deprivation scrip aktіv zhittєdіyalnostі Helsinki Human i suspіlstva, tse, krіm usogo folding system of norms, otsіnok, kriterіїv zdіysnennya іntelektualnih morally i practicality Act reasonably, tse plekannya, formation lyudskoї osobistostі, formuvannya її CREATIVE-realіzatsіynih chinnikіv for stvorennya Suchasnyj i new in tehnologіyah that duhovnіy sferі dіyalnostі. Cutaneous Person of, Leather etnos, skin suspіlstvo in protsesі rozvitku that kulturotvorennya ohoplyuє kulturotvorcha aktivnіst. Same Tsei hour tvorchostі Yea i vischim good. Takі porivannya zabezpechuyut Peremoga lyudskogo in lyudinі, zabezpechuyut lyudske vdoskonalennya, Peremoga Good. Ale kulturotvorchі processes, lyudska dіyalnіst ob'єktivnimi Yea i regulyuyutsya Pevnyi zakonomіrnostyami.