Українська та зарубіжна Culture - Вечірко Р. М.

CULTURE KIЇVSKOЇ RUSI

1. Socially-economical and historical instincts of the Vinnytsia state of Kyiv Rusia of the sociocultural ambushes.

2. Hreschennya Rusi and vplyv hristianstva to the advanced cultural and historical development of the words of the people of Russia.

3. Culture Київської Русі як Synthesis язичництва та візантійського вплеву:

A) rozvitok letters on Rusi, the width of the book culture is that. Litography. Usna folk creativity: bilinny epos, dumi, kobzar;

B) stylistic forms of architecture and mystery Київської Русі;

C) the development of an educated mystery: long-standing mosaics, frescoes, books and miniatures, iconography.

4. Znachennya kultury Kiivskoi Rusi in the formation and development of Ukrainian culture.

Соціально-економічні та історичні выви виникникнення держави Translate into English Possible translation: Location Київська Русь

Київська Русь із most початку свого існування (із 60-70 років VІІ ст.) Has declared itself in the world, has become one of the most powerful states in the Middle East. Від братів Кия, Щека і Хорива, їх синів і племінників, влада згодом to pass to the two brothers of Askold and Dir. Kyivvaya state vyishla on the international arena from priinyattyam Askold of Christianity, at sviti vona has placed order in the Byzantine Empire. Київська Русь led the рівноправну політику щодо Візантії, Германії, Арабського халіфату. Pershy riddles about Rus - in the Bavarian chronograph in 811 р. The one in the Rapal-Mine Statute of 811-821, pp. Scho about the trade with the territories of Europe.

882 р. Becoming a dynastic coup d'état in the Kievan state to cross the dynasty of Kiev to Rurikovichi, zokrema to opikun malolitan prince Igor Oleg.

Київська Русь зміцнювалася for чpіv princess Olga, Svyatoslav, Volodymyr the Great and special abilities nabula for the rule of Yaroslav the Wise. The power was formulated in the territorial trikutnik mizh Dniprom, Rossu t Іrpenem. Zgodom to glade, yaki lived on tsіy teritorії, priednalisya drevlyanii, іnshі tribes. Already prince Askold and Dir zdіysnjuvali velikі resemble the Tsargorod, Krivich, Polovtsi, Bulgarians. Між Руссю і Візантією було укладено договір. Усе це є свідченням наявності вже в that the time can be the Russian state. Tobacco creations of the Ukrainian state were submitted one-hourly by the European power-creating processes.

In the process of formulating and developing the Ukrainian cities, they began to transfer teritory principles over the tribal-kin. Napriklad, Drevlyans, obviously, had a boulevard of princes, buli volost-teritorialny districts, yaki were ruled by the authorities in the people, diyalo vich. By the arrival of the Varangians to the prince of the Ukraine, the Shvidko druzhinis were rooted in the tribes of the Rus' tribes, that they were flocking to the Suspilny rozvitok Rusi, to which he could not be bothered.

On teritorії slov'yanskih tribes zdavna існувала надійна військова оргаізація. About the fact of meeting the fact of the tisyatskih. Tobto in the numerically Polanskih cities (moskah) Buv Viaskovo-teritorialniy ustriy, the population was rooted in dozens and hundreds. On cholichi oditnits stood ten, sotskij i vіdpііdіno na cholі tysyachі - tysyatskiy, tobto vіys'kovyj soderzhan zemlі chi princely. Often, sociosis and tisyatski vikonuvali administrativny and gospodarskih vladnyi funktsii.

Taka politichno-vіys'kova organizatsiya saspilnogo zhittya slov'yan zgdomom zamenyuetsya princely-druzhinnoyu. One ten-day form of polichnochnogo-administrativnogo pravelinya shche dovgo zalishaetsya, moreover, vona nasliduyutsya іnshim lands, zokrema, zapozichuyutsya nimtsyami. So, in the field of the earth in the leather sector - Kiev, Vishgorod, Bilgorod bov tiy tysyatsky. Such an organisation has shrouded up to a strong zmitsnennya vladi kievskogo prince. Tobto mi maemo naochny butt, sho vzhe in the old hours on teritorii Ukrayry okremі misty korostustavsya autonomy and self-management. Zmіtnivshi its moglinnost, kievskiy prince pіkodoriv tsі mіsta, created єdinu admіnіstrativnu tsіlісність. I tsepolo vzhe at the VIII century. In the case of the Greeks, after the Greeks, they consented to confess 25 princes. Tse svidchit, scho derzhavne і politichne budivnitsvto in Kiiv Bulo, I will refer to the trivial hour. Qi dumku to bring up MS Grushevsky.

Zrozumilo, scho the head rushієm sovnevno-polіtichnoї creativity and creation of the real state power I will arrange in the same way and especially in the periode of the family and tribal development of the Ukrainian soup bula torghivlya. Trade vednosinini, rinok, yak mi teper nazivayotmo, buv the basic stimulus to the creation of new forms of suspalnogo fret, polichnichnyi sistemi, yaka b zbezpechuvala uspeh, bespechnnost i nadiyinist i ekh far dstavku rozvitku i zbagagchennyi edge. The Prince of Kiev, having recognized his own representations in the city before the uncorroborated tribes and ti, "dumped" (now they seem to have - primushuvali) pidkorjatis і platiti daninu ta kontribitsії. Druzhinniki zdіysnyukvali close and far away.

Thus, on the territory of Kyiv - the Ukraine-Rusia for the hours of Oleg Bula, the power system is strict, the yak served the trade unions of those viasky groups.

Поступово в раді князів відбуваються зміни. Already under Volodimiri gromadske viche vіdtіsnyayatsya vіd ruled, the role of "elders hradskikh" is less than traditional traditions. Manage the life of the prince of the prince with his druzhina. Tobto z odopomogo chuzhyntsiv - "Varyagiv" began to ruin the old words of the democratic traditions. At the peak, the Vauryag beetles are unequivocal. Hromada could not see the bagatoes of the cats at the enemy's squad. Tsі кошти долувались за рахунок походів і здобчі. And, in spite of his chervony, the prince's sovereignty ruled, he gave zmensu zmenchuvati vplyiv gromadskogo governors. Похідні військові orders were transferred to the civil sphere with the gratitude of his own posadniki, nasіsnikіv, predstavnikvіv, соцькіі and тисяцькі стають еррядников. So ruin the first ambush of the words of the Ukrainian (ukrainian) democrats, sho існувала in антських племенах, забуті були і традиції древлянської constitution. The prince becomes uosoblyuvati і gromadsku (legislativchu), i sudovu, i adminnistrivatnuu authority.

At the XI century, if the prince of the Vlad was weakened, the role of the Gromadsky Vich became active, and there was a withering away until the control of the prince's administrative administrations.

About the wide polityniy svitoglyad ruskih princes to adhere to such historical facts, as established by the diplomatic documents of Ukraine and Russia with Tsargorod. Thus, in 839 r. Postley prince buli z visitom vіzantіyskogo імператора Teofina with the method of vstanovlenya friendly vіdnosin. Після походу 800 р. Візантійські власті були зацікавлені і шукали можливості налагодити дружні зв'язки з Руссю. For example, MS Grushevskii, bassographer of Vasilia Rospovdav, the cameraman was expelled by the people of Russia, the neo-Russian and the poghansky (do not respect the non-Christian), giving out their clothes to the gold and silver coats, and having become their friend, Anchorage.

The bishop, the messages of the emperor to Rus, the buv of reception in porozuminnyam i bagatokh ohrestiv.

Цікавими історичними документы української політики і культури є order the russians from the Greeks.

At the first stage of one of them, the reading is read:

"1. The first word reconciled with me with you, the Greeks! Shanuvatimemo one of one sіdі sіієї souls, і not dаmo nіkomu s usіh, hto pіd hand of our princely princes, zobizhati you; Budo pragnuti, skilki mozhmo, zavzhdi i neuhilno trimaly tsju friendship! So itself, the Greeks, take care of your love is not up to our saintly princes of Russia and all the pious days.

In vipadka, the evil and the faults are as follows:

2. Wines shall be brought to the Holy See "[13, p. 383-393].

Далі информаується, які вид поранрання foremost for evil people, for porushennya yyygo contract: for vborvstvo karaєtsya death, for поранення - 5 літрів срібла, а якщо це бідний, забирається одяг. Pobarcheno hunter chovniv, vikinutih on the shore, dopomoga seamenvatsyam, scho terplyat avarіyu, obmіn polonenimi, ikh vikup. For the cutaneous 20 zolotich.

The text of the treaty is to be adhered to, the words of the Ukrainians, priests, priests, honor, nobility, obovvjazkovogo doktrannya domovosty, scho Ukrainians, vzhe keruyutsya laws, folk traditions, glibok tsinujut vlasnist, the right of sluggishness, the power of zapovitiv, scho in them is well rooted and intruded , І звнішня торгівля. Tobto, scho in them saspilno-kulturnene zhittya, vidosnoni mizh they were regulated by normative acts, but dyav dіyav dobre organizovaniya admіnististrativno-upravlenskiy aparat.

Two agreements (907 і 911 рр.) Have gone down to our days. Vony svidchat about the help of kyan. The Greeks paid a large amount of compensation, 12 hryvnias on the basis of the Chowven, and such a danina in Kiev, that інші міста. Київські купці мали the right to lead торгівлю without a miter, and takozh bezplatno утримуватись stretching півроку. Negotiate 907-911 rubles. Ssіdchat: у цей період Україна-Русь is already a capable state, yak mаy vlasne right, culture, writing (literary) мово.

Oleg's agreement with the Greeks is written in such a way by Ivanov's letter .

Ukraine-Rus VII-XIII century. Degraded the cultural zdobutki protoslovsiannyh tribes і powers, uvíbrala in itself і skіdnі, іnnichnі, іовропейські впливи, її culture has become a vivid obsession of the middle European culture. The special culture of the culture nabula pislya hreschennya of Ukraine-Rus Volodymyr 988 r. And for the prince of Yaroslav the Wise.

For a hundred rockies before the official reception of Christianity, the mass media of the robot in 843-862 r. On півдні України were Kirilo and Mefodiy. Вони були вихідцями з багатої сім'ї з м. Солунь (Салоніки в Македонії - нині Греція). Mefodiy 10 rockiv served in vijsku, potim vezigsya in chentsi, Kostyantyn (Kirilo), ochen vidomogo vіzаntіyskogo vchenogo Фотія, викладав філософію, був бібліотекарем, згодом having entered before the monastery. Pope of Rome blessing їх on проповідування християнства серед слова'ян. Wives propoviduvali і and takozhe pereobladali Old Bulgarian (old-church-timeless'yanskaya) basic basic liturgical books.

Місцем їх діяльності був Khersones. Yak vony svidchat, here vzhe Bullo Євангеліє і Psalter, pisanі "russkimi pismenami." 860 р. Askold priymaє hristianstvo i otrimє hristianskie іm'ya Mikola. In Kiev, the bishop is a bishopric. Пізніше, після смерті Askold, over the yogo grave of the bullet the temple of St. Mikoli was forgotten. Цікаво, що офіційними dates хрещення Болгарії вважається 864 р., Чехії - 928, Польщі - 966, України - 988.