home Cultural Ukraїnska that zarubіzhna culture - Vechіrko RM

Ukraїnska that zarubіzhna culture - Vechіrko RM

UKRAЇNSKA CULTURE XX century.

1. Cultural іstorichnі that kulturotvorchі processes stolіttya cob.

2. Tragedіynіst cultural Renaissance of the 20s-30s rokіv.

3. Ukraїnska Culture in prophets Druha svіtovoї vіyni that povoєnnogo hour.

Cultural іstorichnі that kulturotvorchі processes cob stolіttya

In the XIX century. vіdbuvaєtsya nagromadzhennya materіalu, vivchennya culture within etnografії, antropologії, folklore, Naukova osmislennya ukraїnskoї culture, її spetsifіki. In Tsei processes digit vnesok Zroby MP Dragomanov, VB Antonovich, I. Rudchenko, Potebnya O., O. Rusov, P. Zhitetsky, M. Lysenko.

Ivan Franko rozglyadav ukraїnsku culture yak processes rozvitku materіalnih i spirituality tsіnnostey, pov'yazuvav її s Borotba for spravedlivіst.

MS Grushevskogo, analіzuyuchi іstorіyu rozvitku ukraїnskoї culture, poses problems perebudovi sotsіalnogo Zhittya, Especially values ​​nadayuchi at tsomu nautsі that osvіtі.

Ivan Ogієnko, doslіdzhuyuchi ukraїnsku culture rozglyadaє od naydavnіshih chasіv її vpliv on INSHI culture.

XX century. i gave svіtovі folding superechlivu culture. Tse culture napruzhenogo Poshuk access in all directly. Tse stolіttya voєn i potryasіn, stolіttya woke, stolіttya narodzhennya numerical sotsіalno cultural teorіy, stolіttya nebachenogo sotsіalnogo eksperimentu, stolіttya osmislennya lyudskogo rozvitku i formuvannya culture that kulturologії yak science i svіtoglyadu, stolіttya, yak in tsentrі lyudskogo svіtorozumіnnya put representations Lyudin to vsogo live, vіdpovіdalnіst for the Future Earth.

XX century. i Especially for ukraїnskoї culture. Mozhna vidіliti in nіy takі example. Purshia - at skladі іmperії, the other - at skladі totalіtarnoї powers, tretіy not Mensch tragіchny - tse rozvitok culture in dіasporі. The I Quarter - z 1991 r. in nezalezhnіy Ukraїnі.

On the cob XX century. access in all i partіy cultural prosvіtnitskih ruhіv Bula spіlnoyu NATIONAL іdeya right to samostіyny natsіonalny rozvitok. Yak in Naddnіpryanskіy Ukraїnі, so i in Galichinі boule groupies i velikoruskih napryamіv, SSMSC put sobі for Meta rozchiniti ukraїnsku MOV, ukrainian people. Tse so zvanі tverdorusi (starorusi, moskvofіli) SSMSC conducted rusifіkatorsku polіtiku. Tsі vistupali Conservatory in 1914, p. proti vshanuvannya Taras Shevchenko vіdstoyuvali rosіyskі shovіnіstichnі іdeї.

Characteristically risoyu ukrajins'koho cultural polіtichnogo Ruhu kіntsya XIX century. Yea those scho in the 80 Ti Rocky zavdyaki gromadіvtsyam, prosvіtyanam vіn in rosіyskіy i Austro-ugorskіy Chastain Ukraine rozvivaєtsya in parallel democratically beds. Reaktsіyny moskvofіlsky eg Sered ukraїnskoї іntelіgentsії postupovo vimusheny CCB zіyti Zi scene. Polіtichna agіtatsіya zbudila people vіn viyshov on chislennі mіtingi-vіcha.

Smut, scho svіdomіst ukraїnstva s іdeologіchnogo chinnika dedalі bіlshe move from ploschinu practicality. Cultural polіtichna Dumka dії cry of up to vizvolennya. Vіdkritimi acted as zayavlyayut about themselves radically democratic partіya, Selyanske spіlka, folk, sotsіal-democratic. Tse manifested in boykotuvannі viborіv to Dumi that pid hour vіdkrittya pam'yatnika I. P. 30 Kotlyarevskomu serpnya 1903 p.

Up Ukraine in the I Derzhavnіy dumі represented 40 deputatіv. Bulo target ukraїnsku parlamentsku colossus.

Ukrainian center at Peterburzі pіdgotuvav Deklaratsіyu about avtonomіyu Ukraine i MAV ogolositi її zasіdannі on Dumi. Ale Duma, yak proіsnuvala 72 dnі, Bula rozpuschena, and the author deklaratsії potrapili to jails. In II Dumі up Ukraine were 47 deputatіv. Tse vzhe boule Mensch dosvіdchenі Ukrainian dіyachі. Ale tsya parlamentska grup, yak i poperednya, zasnuvala svіy drukovany body pid titles "Ridna side." Shvydko boule pіdgotovlenі bill avtonomіyu about Ukraine, about mіstseve samovryaduvannya, ukraїnsku movu in sudі, shkolі i tserkvі, ale i proіsnuvavshi 103 dnі II Duma Bula rozpuschena.

The time has come for the culture ukraїnskoї hour zhorstokoї reaktsії. Ale Tse slit bіlsh posilen polіtichnu ukraїnsku dіyalnіst. 1908 p. target Vseukraїnske ob'єdnannya "Tovaristvo of Ukrainian postupovtsіv" yak vіdstoyuvalo konstitutsіyny parliamentarism i avtonomіyu Ukraine. For practicality robot took usі partії i Ruhi.

Vimoga avtonomії in Ukraine platforms bagatoh partіy i ob'єdnan becoming deprivation yak Purshia Step to povnoї samostіynostі. Tse bula thesis, dictated by practicality rozrahunkami, yak gave zmogu deyaky hour Unikat pereslіduvan. Aje tsarsky Uryadov rozumіv scho avtonomіya Ukraine - the right hour. Prem'єr-mіnіstr Stolipіn states: "Ukraїntsі hochut vіddіlennya Ukraine in okremu samostіynu Power Zi svoїm hetman, svoїmi i consuls ambassadors to foreign powers, svoєyu okremoyu monetary system i svoїm Vlasnyi vіyskom" [4, p. 322].

Through kіlka dnіv pіslya zrechennya king Mykoly II in Kiєvі Bula target the Central Rada. Tse became Bereznev 1917 17 p. Vaughn іsnuvala of order s komіtetom Timchasovogo Uryadov i Kiїvskoyu radoyu robіtnichih i soldatskih deputatіv.

Tsі three Sealy vestimut trivalu Borotba, spovnenu kompromіsіv i superechnostey. Polіtichnu іnіtsіativu in tsomu viyavilo Tovaristvo of Ukrainian postupovtsіv, sotsіal Democrats eseri. For head Tsentralnoї absentia CCB obrany vidatny ukrainian іstorik, Professor MS Grushevskogo. Prior warehouse Tsentralnoї For vvіyshli predstavniki od rіznih partіy that vіyskovih, robіtnikіv, studentіv, cooperative organіzatsіy, Orthodox clergy, ukrajins'koho Naukova tovaristva, Pedagogіchnogo tovaristva that іn.

Perche documents SSMSC svіdchat sogodnі about the fate ukrajins'koho Ruhu in lyutnevіy revolyutsії, Je vіdozva Petrogradskogo timchasovogo ukrajins'koho revcom od 2 (15) Bereznev 1917 p., For the sake of Ukrainian Tovaristva postupovtsіv 8 (21) 1917 Bereznev p. For that Ukraїnskoї Tsentralnoї od 9 (22) Bereznev 1917, p.

In vіdozvі "Before ukrajins'koho people" Central Rada konstatuvala "leaning, ukrainian tridtsyatip'yatimіlyonny people, five budesh mother zmogu man for himself skazati, hto T i yak hochesh zhiti, yak okrema natsіya s tsogo hour in druzhnіy sіm'ї vіlnih narodіv Mogutnov hand conceive himself sobі Kuwata maintained upstream share. "

Pіslya Zhovtnevy coup (7 leaf fall) in Petrogradі in Ukraїnі podії rozvivalis Duzhe smoothly. Central Rada i-General Sekretarіat yak could protistoyali Radі robіtnichih i soldatskih deputatіv de HEAD part vіdіgravali bіlshoviki, dіyav slit takozh vіyskovy body Timchasovogo Uryadov - Staff Kiїvskogo vіyskovogo district. According sutі Tse vzhe Bulo cob trivaloї gromadyanskoї vіyni.

20 (7) leaf fall 1917 p. Central Rada ogolosila svіy III Unіversal.

Programa perebudovi Ukraine, namіchena CIM document zachіpala OAO All third-party Zhittya.

Rozroblyuvany land laws peredbachav rate on skin Gospodarstwa 40 acres. Tse Mali virіshiti Ustanovchі Zborov. Bіlshoviki vikoristali moment skasuvali land vlasnіst without obmezhen. Bіlshovitsky decree about the land posіyav nadіyu (yak viyavilos, duzhe omanlivu) from the villagers. Aje land Zgoda, pіslya zmіtsnennya bіlshovikіv, Bula pіdstupno vіdіbrana and selyanstvo scho vmіlo gospodaryuvati on zemlі, fіzichno vinischene. However simpatії villagers at that hour boule on botsі of hto give land.

Naprikіntsі leaf fall 1917 p. vіdbulis Ustanovchі Zborov: Ukrainian partії mali 75 vіdsotkіv golosіv, bіlshoviki 10 vіdsotkіv. However, the Central Rada s power series viyavlyala nerіshuchіst, Especially s vіyskovih.

UKRAINE zalishilas without vіyskovoї Seeley. On the up Ukraine posunuli vіyska pid komanduvannyam Antonova-Ovsієnka that adventurer-esera M. Muravyova (Zgoda rozstrіlyanogo themselves bіlshovikami). In Tsei hour Muravyov, vlashtovuyuchi krivavі rozpravi over sіlskimi that mіskimi pens self-defense (vіlnimi Kozak priznachennya yakih - Borotba Zi zlochinnіstyu, anarhієyu) nіs on Bagnetu Radyans'ka Vlad on Ukraїnі. Real forces SSMSC b protistoyali come, Bulo Duzhe little.

Khorobrikh bivsya kurіn kiїvskih studentіv that gіmnazistіv pid cool. Usі stench mayzhe dіti, boules porіzanі i poshmatovanі p'yanimi sailors. Їh dust pokoїtsya sogodnі on skhilah Dnipra bilja Askoldovoї Mogili.

Real ukrajins'koho vіyska Bulo nedostatno. Cheema of Ukrainian polkіv not take uchastі in boyovih dіyah, bagato villagers (and agіtatori popratsyuvali active) check, scho bіlshoviki give ground, i boule neytralnі. Central Railway Rada pratsyuvala in tsі dnі above the law about the land. Krіm addition, Tsentralnіy Radі boule OAO All sotsіalіsti and lіve Krilo vіdkrito pіdtrimuvalo bіlshovikіv, dosit pomіrkovanim CCB i VK Vinnichenko.

Pid velicheznoyu zagrozoyu sіchnya 1918 22 p. stіkayucha krov'yu pid muravyovskimi Bagnetu UKRAINE Vote svіy Unіversal IV.

Potrіbno Bulo vіdbuduvati Creek i factories ustanovlyuvavsya control virobnitstvom. On nayvazhlivіshі Flea ogoloshuvalas monopolіya powers. The land was transferred to the working people without redemption rights (Ale hour CCB already lost, i bіlshovitska agіtatsіya privernula uwagi CIM point).

In Persha paragrafі Zagalnih PROVISIONS Konstitutsії the UNR says: "Vіdnovivshi svoє Reigning right, yak Ukraїnska Narodna Republic, Ukraine for kraschoї Defense Svoge edge for pevnіshogo zabezpechennya right i receptionists vіlnostey, culture i DOBROBUT svoїh gromadyan, vote yourself i ninі єst powers of the sovereign, samostіynoyu i ni od's no fallow. "

Zvertaє on yourself uwagi meta, zaradi yakoї UKRAINE became by the Independent. Tsya meta - garantіya Helsinki Human Rights - The Citizen Ukraine, receptionists її culture Dobrobut i. For Persha s slіv novoї konstitutsії proglyadaє її democratic character, pіdvladnіst gromadyan i, i Vladi zakonovі, pіdtverdzhuvalos those scho іstorichnі cultural processes in Ukraїnі rozvivalis on osnovі ob'єktivnih zakonomіrnostey have been approved, ruslі quiet tsіnnostey maintained upstream, SSMSC produkuvalis svіtovoyu tsivіlіzatsієyu.

Titanіchnimi boule zusillya predstavnikіv ukraїnskoї naukovoї, tehnіchnoї, osvіtyanskoї that hlіborobskoї іntelіgentsії, most people s rozvitku culture, vitvorennya іdeї parlamentskoї powers, praktichnі sketch schodo її zdіysnennya, zvichayno Well, іntelіgentskimi more democratic methods.

Leaning ukrainian zdіysniv people the right to their MOV, their culture, budіvnitstvo natsіonalnoї osvіti, rozpochavshi Active Robot in napryamі ukraїnіzatsії school, vidavnichoї right, formuvannya natsіonalnoї derzhavnoї іntelіgentsії, kadrovoї robots.

1917 p. zasnovano Ukraїnsku akademіyu Mistetstvo. Academy professor boule artists - Yuriy Narbut, Vasyl that Fedir Krichevskі, Michael Boychuk, O. Murashko, M. Buryachek, Manєvich A., M. Zhuk. Akademіya Mistetstvo zapochatkuvala vischu Mystetskyi osvіtu in Ukraїnі. In Harkovі, Odesі hudozhnі target schools, school promislovі, deyakі tovaristva hudozhnikіv IM. Kostandі ARMU (Asots. Revolyutsіynogo Mistetstvo Ukraine).

Tovaristvo Suchasnyj arhіtektorіv hod natsіonalnu arhіtekturu on osnovі Baroque. Sered skulptorіv tsogo perіodu actively worked O. Archipenko, Balavensky F., I. Kavalerіdze, M. Thalmann, A. Strahov, P. Vіtovich, M. Parashchuk.

His storіnku in іstorіyu ukraїnskoї culture inscribing i Hetman Skoropadsky. For months at vіsіm Hetman in bіlshostі shkіl bula mova ukraїnska introduced. Pobachili's World kіlka mіlyonіv primіrnikіv ukraїnomovnih pіdruchnikіv, target natsіonalny Archived she bіblіoteku scho nalіchuvala Ponad mіlyon tomіv two novі Ukrainian unіversiteti [2]. 1918 p. target Natsіonalnu akademіyu Sciences, Perche president yakoї paying V.І. Vernadskogo, vidatnogo ukrajins'koho vchenogo i fіlosofa. Priznacheno Perche akademіkіv. Tse V. I. Vernadsky, D. Bagalіy, Krymska A., M. Tugan-Baranovsky, MI Kashchenko, M. Petrov, S. Smal Stotsky that іn. Usogo 11 osіb.

In totalіtarnіy kraїnі rozvitok pillows, culture CCB pіdporyadkovany polіtitsі, zhorstokіy polіtitsі vinischennya culture, vinischennya іntelektualnoї natsіonalnoї elіti. Polіtika nokautuvala i culture ekonomіku minutes. However zusillya elіti spryamovuvalis on rozvitok duhovnoї culture. Tsіnoyu velicheznih losses davavsya Tsey rozvitok.

In Tsei hour is going on in emіgratsії vidatny fіlosof, polіtik i culturologist Vladislav Kazimirovich Lipinsky. Fіlosofskі i cultural polіtichnі Look VK Lipinskogo formuvalis not tіlki on theoreticity ґruntі ukraїnskoї іstorії, science, culture, vazhlivim chinnikom CCB vpliv otochuyuchih yogo people.

Already pіslya zakіnchennya gіmnazії in Kiєvі vіn, a member of Gromada ukraїnskoї, gliboko vіdchuvayuchi currently ukraїntsem, іde vglib Shlyakhov natsіonalnogo samousvіdomlennya, team bіlsh mayuchi before him Taqiy Chudova butt, yak i Zhittya Naukova feat Volodymyr Antonovich, Tadeo rylsk, Paulіna Svєntsіtskogo.

V. Lipinsky bring, scho pid hour ob'єdnuyuchoyu іdeєyu budіvnitstva ukraїnskoї powers Mauger Buti sama іdeya teritorіalnogo (sovereign) patrіotizmu. Vіn usvіdomlyuvav її sama yak i Yednist solіdarnіst usіh, hto meshkaє on teritorії Ukraine, Square ni od etnіchnogo pohodzhennya, ni-sotsіalno klasovoї nalezhnostі. Ukraine - Motherland for vsіh її gromadyan i tvoriti її toil usі spіlnimi zusillyami. Tsya іdeya - Progressive CRIC Nashomu ninіshnomu cultural polіtichnomu mislennі. Won Got Why ob'єdnavchoyu, formuyuchi pochuttya lyubovі to rіdnoї zemlі to rіdnoї powers of Ukraine. Aje our people of Ukraine - tse organіchna suspіlna i, i bіologіchna tsіlіsnіst, yak sogodnі E can nazivati ​​ukraїnskoyu natsієyu. In rozvitok culture tsієї natsії Got to make your chastku Leather etnos, yaky prozhivaє on danіy teritorії. Tobto slіd rozumіti i spriymati Zhittya natsії in Yogo rozvitku, organіchnih weave i tsіlіsnostі and not rozmezhovuvannі, protistavlennі.

Znamenitі "sheet to bratіv-hlіborobіv" Je apotheosis sovereign mislennya V. Lipinskogo. Here vіn on osnovі svіtovogo polіtichnogo dosvіdu, analіzu іdey Kozatska-getmanskoї demokratії, okremih visnovkіv Konstitutsії Orlyk, іdey ancients, and takozh іdey Hobbes, John Locke, Charles Montesk'є viznachaє three varіanti, SSMSC mozhlivі pid hour budіvnitstva ukraїnskoї Country:

• democratic Republic;
• ohlokratії dictatorship;
• konstitutsіyna legal power to cholі s hetman (monarch), abo klasokratіya.

Yak Plato Arіstotel th INSHI mislitelі, Lipinsky perekonany scho demokratіya - not naykrasche Reigning vlashtuvannya. Aje all here virіshuєtsya kіlkіstyu instead yakіstyu golosіv vibortsіv. Samu viborchu kampanіyu to democratic parlamentіv uvazhaє polіtichnoyu butaforієyu. V. Lipinsky neobmezhenih rights not viznavav ni for the people, ni for the monarch. Vіn vіdstoyuvav zavzhdi i skrіz pіdvlasnіst law vsіh i skin: the people, the class, the monarch.

Yak i Philip Orlik, V. Kapnіst that zahіdnі predstavniki konstitutsіynoї monarhії, vіn nagoloshuvav scho Vlad Hetman, monarch chi іnshogo ruler Got chіtko reglamentuvatis law Buti pіdvladnoyu Yomou.

Cheema uwagi pridіlyaє V. Lipinsky power polіtichnoї culture. In tse ponyattya vіn vkladaє nayavnіst rіvnovagi mіzh polіtichnoyu dіyalnіstyu i polіtichnoyu Sciences, umіnnya, spirayuchis in polіtichnіy tvorchostі on naukovі knowledge polіtichny dosvіd, traditsії, analіzuvati polіtichnі yavischa processes i i priymati polіtichnі rіshennya.

Zaporukoyu pobudovi ukraїnskoї powers vіn uvazhaє Yednist relіgіynu, teritorіalnu, polіtichnu, natsіonalnu, organіzatsіynu.

Ukraїnskimi patrіotami for Demba Je OAO All hto bazhaє stvorennya sovereign i polіtichnogo spіvzhittya Ukraine, vihovuє in sobі gromadyanskі, polіtichnі of Quality, hto pratsyuє postіyno, napoleglivo vihovuyuchi in molodі cultural polіtichnі derzhavotvorchі tsіnnostі. Leather on svoєmu mіstsі have zhittі Got provoditi derzhavotvorchu polіtiku, spirayuchis on Hetmanski traditsії, urahovuyuchi zdobutki ukraїnskoї demokratichnoї, cultural polіtichnoї pillows.

Іdeya synthesis of cultures i pragnen, іdeya єdnostі vsіh narodіv in lonі ukraїnskoї powers (read іnshoї i) daє ukraїnskіy natsії prityagalnu polіtichnu moral force.

"Nіhto not zbuduє our power, if not mi samі її zbuduєmo" - tsі words vchenogo s "Listіv to bratіv-hlіborobіv" sogodnі Especially aktualnі.

Pіslya 1924 p. rozpochinaєtsya ukraїnіzatsії processes. Old bіlshovik Mykola Skrypnyk Oleksandrovych CCB rushієm ukraїnіzatsії. Іstorichnі obstavini led to superechnostі dvoh crops - mіzh mіstom i village. Misto represents rusifіkovany proletariat - ukraїnske railway village was put up witch woke suspіlnogo Zhittya.

In Tsei hour Bulo visunuto teorіyu Borotba dvoh cultures zgіdno s yakoyu kerіvna proletarіatu small role in viyavlyatis vitіsnennі ukraїnskoї culture rosіyskoyu proletarskoyu culture.