Ically mathematical programuvannya - Nakonechny S.І.

ROZDІL 1. SUBJECT, SCOPE TA OSOBLIVOSTІ ZASTOSUVANNYA ically mathematical PROGRAMUVANNYA In EKONOMІTSІ. KLASIFІKATSІYA PROBLEMS

"Malo Je speeches SSMSC not pіddayutsya ically mathematical obґruntuvannyu; if i do not stink pіddayutsya, tse Find our order scho nashі their knowledge about The duzhe malі i nechіtkі. A mayuchi zmogu vdatis up ically mathematical obґruntuvannya, great durіstyu Bulo b shukati yakes Lots Other - Tse all one scho Iti navpomatski in temryavі, if stoїt svіchka of order. "

J.. Arbuthnot

1.1. The subject is the ob'єkti ically mathematical programuvannya

Hosting Project distsiplіni "ically mathematical programuvannya" asotsіyuєtsya peredusіm s programuvannyam yak processes stvorennya program for PEOM for Relief spetsіalnoї MTIE. Prote naspravdі Tse deprivation not duzhe away pereklad anglіyskogo termіnu m athematical programming, scho oznachaє rozroblennya on osnovі ically mathematical rozrahunkіv prog Act reasonably to dosyagnennya obranoї methylation. In ekonomіchnih, virobnichih, tehnologіchnih processes rіznih Galuzo national Gospodarstwa vinikayut zadachі, podіbnі for posing, scho toil spіlnih Find our series that rozv'yazuyutsya podіbnimi methods. A typical formulation zadachі ically mathematical programuvannya taka: deyaky processes Mauger rozvivatisya for rіznimi varіantami, Leather s yakih Got svoї perevagi that nedolіki, and, yak usually such varіantіv Mauger Buti bezlіch. Neobhіdno іz usіh mozhlivih varіantіv naykraschy vibrato. W tsієyu metoyu vikoristovuyutsya matematichnі methods.

Sutnіst zadachі ekonomіchnogo Vibor that pov'yazanu s CIM neobhіdnіst vikoristannya models that metodіv ically mathematical programuvannya proіlyustruєmo on prikladі.

FIRMA spetsіalіzuєtsya on vigotovlennі that realіzatsії elektroplit i freezer. Pripustimo scho zbut produktsії neobmezheny against obsyagi resursіv (pratsі that basic materіalіv) obmezhenі. Zavdannya polyagaє viznachennі in this plan virobnitstva produktsії on mіsyats for yakogo viruchka bula b naybіlshoyu.

Normie vikoristannya resursіv that їh zagalny stock and takozh tsіni odinitsі skin mind produktsії navedenі Table. 1.1.

table 1.1

ІNFORMATSІYA, NEOBHІDNA FOR SKLADANNYA VIROBNICHOЇ prog

View produktsії

Normie vitrat on odinitsyu produktsії

Cena odinitsі produktsії mind. od.

robochem hour, lyud.-year.

sheet zalіza m2

skla, m2

Freezers

9.2

3

-

300

Elektrichna plate

4

6

2

200

Zagalny headroom on mіsyats

520

240

40

-

Rozglyanemo kіlka mozhlivih varіantіv virobnichoї prog.

Persha virobnicha programa. Obviously, scho s nayprostіshim usіh mozhlivih varіantіv Je virobnitstvo produktsії one mind. Pripustimo scho deprivation vigotovlyayutsya morozilnі camera. Resource robochem hour (. 520 lyud.-year) daє zmogu vigotovlyati 520: 9,2 = 56 freezers. Quantity Nayavna sheet zalіza zabezpechuє vigotovlennya 240: 3 = 80 freezers. Sklo for vigotovlennya danogo mind produktsії not vikoristovuєtsya. Otzhe, skin mіsyatsya mozhna vipuskati lishe 56 freezers, scho will give viruchku obsyagom • 56 300 = 16 800 d. od.

Zaznachimo, scho in razі realіzatsії takoї virobnichoї prog zagalny stock sheet zalіza vikoristovuєtsya not povnіstyu and Sklo not vikoristovuєtsya vzagalі.

Another virobnicha programa. Viznachimo Quantity elektroplit, SSMSC mozhna vigotoviti for danih obsyagіv resursіv:

On 20 virobnitstvo elektroplit bude vikoristano Taku resursіv Quantity:

 

bude vikoristano

zalishok

robochem hour:

20 • 4 = 80 (lyud.-year.)

520 - 80 = 440 (lyud.-year.)

zalіzo sheet:

• 6 = 20 120 (m2)

240 - 120 = 120 (m2)

Sklo:

2 • 20 = 40 (m2)

Absent

Zalishki Persha that another resursіv zabezpechat virobnitstvo freezer obsyagom:

Otzhe, other virobnicha programa umozhlivlyuє virobnitstvo 20 elektroplit that 40 freezers. Viruchka stanovitime:

20 • 40 • 200 + 300 = 16,000 d. od.

Zіstavlyayuchi Persha that another virobnichі Warming bachimo, for scho Persha viruchka Je bіlshoyu, otzhe, Won maintained upstream, nіzh other.

Zrozumіlo scho rozglyanutі prog not vicherpuyut usіh mozhlivih varіantіv. Napriklad, dotsіlno Bulo b rozglyanuti programa virobnitstva 41 morozilnoї Cameri that mozhlivoї kіlkostі elektroplit; 42 freezers that mozhlivoї kіlkostі elektroplit; 43 freezers that mozhlivoї kіlkostі elektroplit t i. E. Otzhe order dwellers know naykraschy varіant virobnitstva produktsії, neobhіdno perebrati dosit Velika Quantity vsіh mozhlivih varіantіv (for іnshih tasks in bіlshostі vipadkіv Quantity of varіantіv Je abo Duzhe great neskіnchennoyu).

Zauvazhimo scho given the task Je Nadto sproschenoyu porіvnyano s real ekonomіchnimi tasks in yakih Quantity resursіv that vidіv produktsії Mauger syagati hundreds naymenuvan, i simply todі perebіr vsієї mnozhini varіantіv absolutely nemozhlivy. Otzhe, postaє neobhіdnіst rozroblennya spetsіalnih metodіv rozv'yazannya ically mathematical tasks such tobto ically mathematical obґruntuvannya nayefektivnіshih virobnichih program. Same Zi word "programa" i pov'yazana Hosting Project subject - "ically mathematical programuvannya".

Poshuk real optimal plan Yea, yak usually folding zavdannyam i nalezhit to ekstremalnih tasks in yakih neobhіdno viznachiti maximum chi mіnіmum (ekstremum) funktsії for viznachenih obmezhen.

Ically mathematical programuvannya - one іz napryamkіv prikladnoї mathematics subject yakogo Je zadachі on znahodzhennya ekstremumu deyakoї funktsії for Pevnyi tasks minds.

Ob'єktami ically mathematical programuvannya Je rіznomanіtnі the Branch lyudskoї dіyalnostі, in de Pevnyi situatsіyah neobhіdno zdіysniti vibіr naykraschogo s mozhlivih varіantіv Act reasonably. Basics such Vibor Je znahodzhennya rozv'yazku ekstremalnoї zadachі ically mathematical methods programuvannya.

Rozv'yazannya ekstremalnoї ekonomіchnoї zadachі skladaєtsya s pobudovi ekonomіko-matematichnoї modelі, pіdgotovki Informácie, vіdshukannya optimal plan ekonomіchnogo analіzu otrimanih rezultatіv i viznachennya mozhlivostey їh practical zastosuvannya.

Ically mathematical model ekonomіchnogo ob'єkta (systems) - tse yogo sproscheny image filed in viglyadі sukupnostі ically mathematical spіvvіdnoshen (rіvnyan, nerіvnostey, logіchnih spіvvіdnoshen, grafіkіv toscho).