home Economy books Strategії ekonomіchnogo rozvitku in the minds globalіzatsії - Luk'yanenko DG

Strategії ekonomіchnogo rozvitku in the minds globalіzatsії - Luk'yanenko DG

conclusion

UKRAINE yak new power іntegruєtsya Square in Novi yakіsno's World for us, headache Find our yakogo - Global vzaєmozalezhnіst, KOTRA ohoplyuє that vidozmіnyuє polіtichnі, ekonomіchnі, sotsіalnі i ekologіchnі rozvitku minds. Bezperechno, scho through poshirennya іnnovatsіy in sferі tehnologіy i management, actively obmіn goods Hotel, іnvestitsіyami globalіzatsіya spriyaє zagalnomu ekonomіchnomu Progreso. Odnochasno posilyuyutsya nerіvnomіrnіst, asinhronnіst that disproportsіynіst rozvitku NAUKOVO-tehnologіchnih, virobnichih, torgovelnih, fіnansovo-іnvestitsіynih vіdnosin yak at funktsіonalnomu, so i have mіzhkraїnovomu plans. On one polyusі suchasnoї svіtovoї Economy kontsentruyutsya Kraina - globalnі lіderi, klyuchovimi determіnantami of Success yakih from third tisyacholіttі stayut іntelektualіzatsіya, sotsіalіzatsіya, ekologіzatsіya virobnitstv i seredovischa zhittєdіyalnostі. On іnshomu polyusі svіtovoї Economy - bіlshіst kraїn for Cauterets Ekonomichna globalіzatsіya, nasampered, proyavlyaєtsya yak yakіsno novі minds rozvitku on SSMSC vzhe practical nemozhlivo vplivati, ale treba obov'yazkovo vrahovuvati. Kraina, SSMSC not vstignut for dinamіkoyu novoї Epoch not tіlki not otrimayut divіdendіv od globalіzatsії, ale th mozhut Why її zaruchnikami, opinitisya on uzbіchchі global, zagalnotsivіlіzatsіynih protsesіv.

Protyagom ostannіh desyatilіt globalіzatsіya manifested i doslіdzhuvalas yak klyuchova tendentsіya svіtogospodarskogo rozvitku. Suchasnі sistemnі transformatsії nadayut їy nova yakіst - globalіzatsіya іz tendentsії pererostaє in samodostatnіy, Pevnyi rank strukturovany processes.

Mіkrorіven globalіzatsії harakterizuєtsya domіnuvannyam in svіtovіy ekonomіtsі protyagom dvoh ostannіh desyatilіt transnatsіonalnih korporatsіy (TNCs), SSMSC for strategіchnoyu orієntatsієyu i scales dіyalnostі pererostayut in globalnі. Right tіlki not in fact scho TNK kontrolyuyut 70-90% svіtovih rinkіv tovarіv, poslug, tehnologіy and zagalny obsyag realіzatsії 200 naybіlshih s them skladaє Ponad 30% svіtovogo vnutrіshnogo gross product. Vazhlivo usvіdomlyuvati scho provіdnі natsіonalnі Economy Je gliboko transnatsіonalіzovanimi. Tse - US i, i Yaponіya, i zahіdnoєvropeyskі Kraina s mogutnіmi that chiselnimi TNK, i, napriklad, Pivdenna Korea s conglomerate TNK dekіlkoh on yakih trimaєtsya її vnutrіshnya ekonomіka i mіzhnarodna konkurentospromozhnіst. Tse to rechі have blizhchіy perspektivі i OOO Russian Federation, de kapіtal survived perіod nadkontsentratsії and 3 іz 75 holding kompanіy for otsіnkami Fortune vzhe vvіyshli rating to 500 provіdnih korporatsіy svitu.

On makrorіvnі globalіzatsії nemovbi protistoїt processes rozshirennya i pogliblennya ekonomіchnogo regіonalіzmu Shlyakhov stvorennya ob'єdnan kraїn іz tim chi іnshim stage uzgodzhennya їh natsіonalnih polіtik (Zoni vіlnoї torgіvlі, mitnі Union, spіlnі markets Agricultural Art, ekonomіchnі that polіtichnі Union). Ninі narahovuєtsya Ponad 100 rіznih tipіv regіonalnih ugrupovan, and processes їh utvorennya uniquely priskorivsya in 1990 poki i have to i chislі for rakhunok subregіonalіzatsії postsotsіalіstichnoї Єvropi (TSЄFTA, Baltіysky rinok, SND, BSEC, GUUAM). Dіysno, regіonalnі Interests mozhut superechiti reasons globalnoї ekspansії TNCs vіdvolіkati blokovі Kraina od dіyalnostі for bagatostoronnіmi zobov'yazannyami unіversalnogo nature and "Closed-" regіonalіzm often porodzhuє protektsіonіzm schodo tretіh kraїn (Group kraїn). However ekonomіchny regіonalіzm, Especially in yogo Suchasnyj continental Wink (ЄS, NAFTA, APEC) spriyaє garmonіzatsії rozvitku natsіonalnih ekonomіk i formuvannyu homogeneous svіtovogo market analysis.

Already sogodnі mozhna govorito i іnstitutsіalіzatsіyu about the Global Economy, if at rіvnopravnі i navіt znachnіshі rolі, nіzh traditsіynі sub'єkti mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin (powers), pretenduyut not tіlki TNCs regіonalnі mіzhderzhavnі іntegratsіynі ob'єdnannya іz sukupnimi trilyonnimi GDP mіzhnarodnі organіzatsії (IMF , Svіtovy Bank, Security, MOS), and the second Mista - svіtovі fіnansovo-іnformatsіynі center, practical eksteritorіalnі that funktsіonalno avtonomnі (New York, London, Tokіo, Frankfurt Maynі, Paris is the іn) s bagatomіlyardnimi schodennimi obsyagami Monetary operatsіy. , that okremі іndivіdi - naukovі pratsіvniki, unіversitetskі ppofecopi, tvorchі ocobictocti, bіznesmeni. In Nadra іnternetu it originated not tіlki "vіrtualna ekonomіka" ale vzhe i "vіrtualna polіtika", "vіrtualna diplomacy" toscho. Globally organіzovanі multimedia-kompanії vplivayut bezposeredno on Rozum people zasobami i neekonomіchnogo non-violent nature.

Take the globalіzatsії this genus "rozvivayut" traditsіynі mezhі ekonomіchnogo analіzu, sponukayut to netrivіalnih uzagalnen. When tsomu vazhlivo uniknuti "pozitivnoї eyforії" stosovno tsіkavoї s bagatoh pozitsіy arhіtekturi maybutnogo, rozumіyuchi scho navіt uspadkovanih global problems rozvitku lyudskoї tsivіlіzatsії (zabrudnennya navkolishnogo seredovischa, visnazhennya zhittєvo vazhlivih natural resursіv, bіdnіst i INCREASING RPPOs mіzh kraїnami in "of Quality life" toscho) novі sub'єkti virіshiti nespromozhnі, yak tse not zmogli zrobiti transnatsіonalnі korporatsії.

Pіslya ostannoї fіnansovoї crisis, KOTRA Povny mіroyu prodemonstruvala ruynіvny potentsіal i mehanіzmi peredachі negatively vplivіv global nature od groupies azіyskih kraїn to skhіdnoєvropeyskih, zokrema Russie is the Ukraine, in the new svіtlі viglyadayut i problemi funktsіonuvannya mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih organіzatsіy. Rіch navіt not in fact scho Kraina, dotrimuyuchis program reformuvannya for "unіversalnimi" recipes IMF rіdko dosyagayut vіdchutnih ekonomіchnih uspіhіv and Kraina, zorієntovanі on Vlasnyi Promyslova i NAUKOVO-tehnologіchnu polіtiku (yak s obvious reasons zalishaєtsya pose uwagi IMF) such of Success , yak usually dosyagayut. Vazhlivo scho come rozumіnnya bezpretsedentno unproductive i navіt shkіdlivogo for becoming novih efektivnosti ekonomіk vikoristannya velicheznih fіnansovih resursіv, kotrі akumulyuyutsya in mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih organіzatsіyah. Printsipove value to our look, Got aktsentuvannya doslіdnitskogo іnteresu on troh klyuchovih problems: rozkrittі mehanіzmіv transition od tovarnoї ekspansії kraїn-lіderіv to fіnansovoї; viyavlennі Nature i mozhlivih naslіdkіv peredachі vazhelіv їh vplivu on svіtovy rinok i okremі Kraina mіzhnarodnim fіnansovim organіzatsіyam; rozrobtsі natsіonalnih strategіy rozvitku urahuvannyam s Tsikh novіtnіh yakіsnih zrushen without avtarkії that vtrati mіzhnarodnogo іmіdzhu.

Zagalom aktualnі power ekonomіchnoї vzaєmodії i efektivnosti rozvitku kraїn in global seredovischі fokusuyutsya i have systematically vіdobrazhayutsya problematitsі mіzhnarodnoї konkurentospromozhnostі.

On sogodnі of Success dosyagayut structural zbalansovanі natsіonalnі Economy - s normal funktsіonuyuchimi real i mіtsnim (health) fіnansovim sectors Economy, adequate vnutrіshnіy that mіzhnarodnіy sotsіalno-ekonomіchnіy strukturі spіvvіdnoshennyam virobnichogo i nevirobnichogo, sovereign i private sektorіv, efektivnosti vіdtvoryuvalnimi mehanіzmami in materіalnіy i duhovnіy areas toscho. Optimіzatsіya sama Tsikh parametrіv zabezpechuє vnutrіshnі skladovі konkurentospromozhnostі natsіonalnih ekonomіk. Stosovno perehіdnih ekonomіk obviously Je pereosmislennya chinnikіv їh Progreso: Yakscho on Pochatkova Etap rinkovoї transformatsії nayvazhlivіshimi її іnstitutsіonalnimi peredumovami vvazhalis lіberalіzatsіya, privatization is the korporatizatsіya, makroekonomіchna stabіlіzatsіya, then sogodnі domіnuє іdeya zdatnostі powers zabezpechiti seredovische scho stimulyuє vnutrіshnyu i mіzhnarodnu konkurentozdatnіst natsіonalnih of companies that an 'єdnan. So rank, virіshalnogo values ​​for ekonomіchnogo rozvitku Ukraine nabuvaє macro i mіkrozbalansovana structural polіtika that її іnstitutsіonalne zabezpechennya.

Vazhlivo usvіdomlyuvati scho Suchasna paradigm svіtogospodarskogo rozvitku formuєtsya on osnovі postіndustrіalnih tsіnnostey, if konkurentospromozhnіst kraїn viznachaєtsya їhnіmi dinamіchnimi perevagami s prіoritetom knowledge іnnovatsіy that Informácie, not static chinnikami, pov'yazanimi - perevazhno abo th viklyuchno - іz zabezpechenіstyu materіalnimi that workforce.

Kraina-lіderi demonstruyut ustalenu vnutrіshnyu i mіzhnarodnu konkurentospromozhnіst, realіzuyuchi sama postіndustrіalnu strategіyu rozvitku. They are characterized by staє: rіzke znizhennya sirovinnoї i chastkovo energetichnoї zalezhnostі vnaslіdok tsіlespryamovanoї deіndustrіalіzatsії Economy; vivіlnennya in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі rinkіv Masov spozhivchih tovarіv, scho to rechі on poverhnі viglyadaє yak "zavoyuvannya" Tsikh rinkіv іnshimi kraїnami; prіoritetnіst new samostіynogo, spravdі strategіchnogo i globally konkurentospromozhnogo product - knowledge that Informácie; pereorієntatsіya іnvestitsіy s rozshirennyam virobnitstva i nakopichennya materіalnih aktivіv rozvitok on "Human kapіtalu".

Postіndustrіalna ekonomіka Got yaskravo virazheny іnnovatsіyny character, if novі vіdkrittya, vinahodi, tehnologії, goods i Hotel z'yavlyayutsya not epіzodichno Chi spontaneously, but will melt postіynoyu i nayvazhlivіshoyu warehouses ekonomіchnogo Progreso. All bіlshe tse ekonomіka materіalіzovanih knowledge. A іnformatsіya (access to knowledge Suchasnyj zasobіv zv'yazku i) of order іz earth, kapіtalom i hardly staє not just samostіynim factor virobnitstva and viznachalnim.

Yakscho vіdkinuti bezperspektivnu pozitsіyu not bachiti іmperativіv XXI Century i, so rank, not reaguvati vzagalі to them, Yea it is obvious alternative:

• abo zmiritisya іz svoєyu nezdatnіstyu stvoriti konkurentospromozhnu in global sensі ekonomіku i zhiti without "postіndustrіalnih" that "іnformatsіynih" pretenzіy.
• Know Abo Way i i Sealy structural tehnologіchno onoviti ekonomіku, zdatnu konkuruvati on novih Rink, zavoyovuvati i vіdstoyuvati svoї pozitsії on okremih їh segments.

Dwellers іti Perche Shlyakhov, dostatnoyu bude bіlsh-Mensch efektivnosti ekspluatatsіya nayavnih natural resursіv traditsіynimi (іndustrіalnimi) tehnologіyami. Chastina "іntelektu" natsії bude obslugovuvati їh evolyutsіyny rozvitok, zabezpechuvatime vіdpovіdnі upravlіnskі modelі that vіdtvoryuvatime trudovі resources zdatnі kopіyuvati Stranger's Znannya so i rank adaptuvatisya to serednіh standartіv Suchasnyj svitu. For such minds zvichnim camp "vіdpliv umіv" (chi bezposeredno through emіgratsіyu CREATIVE NKVD in postіndustrіalnі Kraina, chi Shlyakhov vikoristannya їh potentsіalu zarubіzhnimi іnstitutami i korporatsіyami in Ukraїnі). Nepotrіbno nіyakoї propaganda of such a method zhittєdіyalnostі natsії - at svіtі mozhna know analogs. Mayuchi okremі butt "protsvіtannya" aprіorі maloefektivnih ekonomіk scho zabezpechuvalos prorivami in eksportі for Relief TNCs bagato kraїn navіt i do not shukayut іnshih shlyahіv rozvitku. Bіlshe of mіzh them rozgornulas konkurentsіya for іnvestitsії (fіlії) TNCs z'yavilis novі іnstrumenti їh zaohochennya. Sformuvavsya svoєrіdny rinok "natsіonalnih propozitsіy 'minds transnatsіonalnoї dіyalnostі de nayprivablivіshim goods become cheaper not tіlki robochem force chi podatkovі pіlgi, navіt not kerovana zarubіzhnimi korporatsіyami protektsіonіstska polіtika and scale kontsesіy (privatizatsії) derzhavnoї vlasnostі. Іnkoli on tsomu i Rinku z'yavlyayutsya ekzotichnі goods - not s point Zora geografії and on gotovnostі pіti all zaradi "spіvpratsі" s TNCs that mіzhnarodnimi fіnansovimi organіzatsіyami. Mayzhe in vsіh kіntsyah svitu mozhna sposterіgati butt piece vprovadzhennya elementіv supersuchasnih tehnologіchnih systems that have pre іndustrіalnі Economy, Suchasnyj zahіdnogo vіdnosini management in crops, on the basis of pragmatism printsipovo vіdmіnnih od tsivіlіzatsіynih tsіnnostyah.

Other Way pov'yazany іz digit konsolіdovanimi zusillyami, and minds permanentnoї crisis - іz nadzusillyami. In globalіzatsіynomu kontekstі for Ukraine expired Je not just power zabezpechennya faktornoї konkurentospromozhnostі (for chogo Je neobhіdnі, Hoca to ostannogo hour i do not vikoristanі resource-tehnologіchnі peredumovi - Inventories korisnih Kopalin, sіlskogospodarskі ugіddya, kvalіfіkovana robochem force NAUKOVO-tehnіchna base vigіdne geoekonomіchne PROVISIONS ), and the problem transformatsії Pochatkova (factor) in perevag іnvestitsіynі that NAUKOVO-tehnologіchnі. For tsogo potrіbna chіtka i dosit zhorstka Derzhavna strategіya s kontsentratsієyu resursіv on vіdpovіdnih prіoritetah.

W urahuvannyam, s one side, klyuchovih svіtogospodarskih tendentsіy and s іnshogo - potentsіalu ukraїnskoї Economy, strategіchnimi prіoritetami її rozvitku globalіzatsії in minds, in our look, Why toil:

• systemic іntegratsіya in svіtove Gospodarstwa іz zabezpechennyam realnoї mіzhnarodnoї konkurentospromozhnostі;
• efektivnosti mіzhnarodna spetsіalіzatsіya, skoordinovana іz vnutrіshnoyu structural modernіzatsієyu that orієntovana on dostupnі progresuyuchі svіtovogo segment market analysis;
• spryamovana on lіkvіdatsіyu monopolnoї chi monopsonnoї zalezhnostі od okremih zarubіzhnih rinkіv mіzhnarodna diversifіkatsіya;
• Becoming Vlasnyi transnatsіonalnih ekonomіchnih іz structures of global management;
• іntegratsіyna makrovzaєmodіya іz Єvropeyskim Union central i Shіdnoєvropeyskimi ugrupovannyami kraїn;
• bezposerednya fate in formuvannі svіtovoї іnstitutsіonalnoї іnfrastrukturi through vzaєmodіyu s IMF Svіtovim bank system GATT / COT, spetsіalіzovanimi Uriadovy i neuryadovimi organіzatsіyami in the Branch zv'yazku that іnformatsіynogo obmіnu, Transport, Energy, pratsі (MOS), torgіvlі i rozvitku (UNCTAD) Promyslova rozvitku (YUNІDO) sіlskogo Gospodarstwa i food (FAO) is the іn .;
• zabezpechennya nalezhnogo rіvnya ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA s dіyovimi mehanіzmami Zahist od nespriyatlivih Change log mіzhnarodnoї kon'yunkturi that fіnansovih crisis.

W pragmatichnoї point Zora Je Obviously those scho our global perspective viznachatimut:

• by au-Perche, orієntovana on mіzhnarodnu konkurentospromozhnіst transnatsіonalіzatsіya ukraїnskoї Economy. On sogodnі mova guilty Iti vzhe tіlki about zaluchennya іnvestitsіy zarubіzhnih TNK (up rechі, naybіlsh real potentsіynih directly іnvestorіv s vіdpovіdnimi our require scale), ale th pro stvorennya Vlasnyi TNK (resource-tehnologіchnih, metodologіchnih that agropromislovih; tehnіko-tehnologіchnih, priladobuduvannya, aerokosmіchnoї tehnіki, lіtakobuduvannya, sudnobuduvannya; freight іnfrastrukturnih - naphtha, gas elektroenergetichna);
• Alternatively, zvazhena polіtika regіonalnoї іntegratsії s prіoritetom organіchnogo vhodzhennya in єvrorinok. Same qiu through the prism dotsіlno rozglyadati іntegratsіynі subregіonalnі lands s Baltіyskim spіlnim Rink, Central єvropeyskoyu lands about the area vіlnoї torgіvlі, Chornomorskim ekonomіchnim spіvrobіtnitstvom, Spіvdruzhnіstyu Square powers. Zrozumіlo, scho boule i naybіlsh folding zalishayutsya vzaєmovіdnosini Ukraine in furrows LICs. Tsіlkom zvazhenі nashі іnіtsіativi schodo poetapnogo rozvitku іntegratsії, pochinayuchi s lands about vіlnu torgіvlyu, Pokey scho "perekrivayutsya 's one side, eyforієyu galopuyuchoї іntegratsії Russie Bіlorusі i and s іnshogo - geoekonomіchnoyu rіznospryamovanіstyu okremih kraїn Spіvdruzhnostі;
• in tretє, efektivnosti VZAYEMODIYA Zi svіtovimi regulatory organіzatsіyami, based on an integrated poperednіh otsіnkah mozhlivih POSITIVE NEGATIVE i naslіdkіv.

Efektivnosti realіzatsіya viznachenih prіoritetіv mozhliva zasobami adekvatnoї ekonomіchnoї polіtiki s productive vikoristannyam Vlasnyi, nasampered іntelektualnih, resursіv. Іnnovatsіyny rozvitok yak Basic postіndustrіalnu tsіnnіst mozhna zabezpechiti deprivation through the system pіdgotovki i pіdtrimki pratsіvnikіv new type. Іnnovatsіyna ekonomіka potrebuє іnnovatsіynoї osvіti i management.

Nezvazhayuchi on znachnі vtrati resursіv, Naukova-tehnologіchnogo that personnel potentsіalu i o'clock, Ukraine has the prospect of pevnoї mіzhnarodnoї konkurentospromozhnostі, zdatna rozvivatis on vlasnіy іntelektualnіy osnovі s produkuvannyam novіtnіh NAUKOVO-tehnologіchnih rіshen in іnnovatsіynih segments svіtovogo market analysis, zabezpechuvati nalezhnі minds zhittєdіyalnostі natsії.