Політична економія - Bєляєв О.О.

§ 3. The regulation of the economy of the basic elements of the sovereign's mechanism

On a practical basis, there is no purely economic model of economy, nor a pure capital market. So, the rinkova model of the economy is in the forefront of energy supply on the fundamentals of the social life in the community and in the vibroblasts. In rinkovomu gospodarstvі postіyno vіdbuva-yutsya processes pristosuvannya, SSMSC spriyayut vstanovlennyu great-rect spіvvіdnoshennya popitu i Offers, Progressive structural zrushennyam, priskorennyu NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso, pіdvischennyu of Quality i konkurentospromozhnostі produktsії, zbalansovanostі materіalno-fіnansovih proportsіy. In the rynkii model, the sovereign's resource without priamushennya to creep out tudi, de vony neobhіdnі. Ці processes are to be avoided with the priority of economical methods, management, rіvnovravnim існуванням різних форма власності, домінуванням поживача над виробником, децентралізацією управління, конкуренцією.

The one-and-a-half-year-old rhinoceros is an ideal, theoretical model of the market, the yak is practically undemanded and the day is signified: існування вільних, незалежних працівників; Вільний вибір ділових партнерів; Vіsutnіst control over діяльністю з боку of the installation, organізацій як споживача, так і виробника; The presence of a significant number of vibroblasts and dogs on the skin; Вільне ціноуворення; Панування конкуренції; Self-dispensing of the market; Підтримка кодексу честі ділових партнерів. Prote people are far from zavzhdi vlastva taka idealnaya povedinka, scho z to "povedinki" kapitalu, then vzagalі mae spontaneous character.

Mehanism of the sovereign economy

Economical theory has brought, and practice has been confirmed, but the rinkian mechanism is guilty of trying to reach the rule of the economy with the mechanism of state regulation. Він охоплює такі основні прями:

1. Regulyuvannya podatkovkih rates that differentiation. In the case of a recession and a de facto depression, the state is prone to flood pributkovy submissions and payments to the corporate affluence, the result is to clean the surplus of the commercial enterprises and to stimulate the development of the virbitnitsva. Отже, в даному разі низькі податки відіграють the role of "калізаторів" економічного зростання.

Navpaki, naprikіntsі Fazi pіdnesennya, if nastaє "peregrіv" Economy, virobnitstvo vihodit beyond platospromozhnogo popitu scho zdatne viklikati crisis, power rіzko pіdvischuє podatkovі rate s metoyu zagalmuvati zrostannya virobnitstva not dopustiti abo prinaymnі poslabiti force decline, vporyadkuvati processes vіdnovlennya rіvnovagi mіzh propozitsієyu І popitom on commodity rinks. At such times, the contributions to the role of "investing in the stabilization" of the economy.

Нарівні із zagalnym regulyuvannyaam podatkovichi rates, but to wear a cyclic character, the power is widely zastosovuє їх диферен-ціацію. So, the low-rate payments for pidpriemstv (firm) of prospective clinics are promulgated; they stimulate їх зростання; Навпаки, підвищені податки на підприємства внерілих галузей alternate zstostannya і stimuljut zgortannya nefektivnogo виробництва.

2. Adjustment of interest rates for loans to commercial banks. Znizhennia tsih rates at period recession and depression vede zbilshennya pidpriemnitskogo pributku і зрештою pure прибутку corporations, and that stimuljє зростання виробництва.

Навпаки, підвищення percentage rates at perіод «перегріву» економіки зменшує підприємницький прибуток, and that обмежує, гальмує зростання виробництва. The depreciation of interest rates reaches the mark of the number of incomes (up to 6% per rik), then with a hat on the vipus in the amount of money earned. In the result of the proposal of a penny I swallow a drink for a penny, a percentage of znizhuyutsya, clean a pributok zrostaє. Otzhe, z'yavlyaetsya incentive to envotitsіi і vyshirennya vibrobitvtva.

3.Investments in a vibro-clinic and social infrastructure, holding (procuring). Mayuchi at his own budget riches, the power of contribution to the budgets of the ports, ports, airfields, product lines, lunar calls, in that number of computer systems, that the normal functioning of the vilibnichnyh galusies and banking systems is ensured.

The next most direct contribution is to invest in the social sphere. Zavdyaki system of transfer payments, the power of the mother, the ability to viplachuvati dopomogi on bezrobitsu, samotnim mothers, bagatodnim sіm'y, buduvati cheaper municipalne zhitlo і t. D.

I play a vital role in the stimulating economic development of the country, procurement of vyskovo technology, ruchogo warehouse zaliznyts, nadlishki sylgospproductiv.

4. Regulyuvannya penny-bread. Narevnі z yryadom nayvazhlyіshim reguljuvannya rinkovoi ekonomiki є central (National) bank kraїni (in the US - the Federal Reserve System), nezalezhny vid the president, the parliament of that class. Golovna funktsіya central bank - regulyuvannya groshovoї masi, zabezpechennya її vіdpovіdnostі masі tovarіv i pіdtrimka note by tverdoї kupіvelnoї spromozhnostі paperovih pennies, scho Yea nayvazhlivіshoyu minds normal funktsіonuvannya rinkovogo mehanіzmu.

The financial policy of the central bank is cyclical. In perіod, if in the national gospodarstvі vіdchuvaєtsya nestacha pennies, scho galmuє zrostannya virobnitstva, znizhuє central bank reserve ratio, zmenshuє interest rates on loans, banks scho nadayutsya komertsіynim (oblіkovu rate) in Masov masshtabі kupuє they oblіgatsії Reigning pozik. Tim himself zbilshutsya realnyi fіnansovі resurs komertsiynikh bankov, їh mozhnlivist stanoviati novyi bezgotiivkovi groshni (zrostaє multiplikator pochnichnyh rahunkiv), and ozhe, і zdatnist komerciznykh bankov nadavati cheap credit. Taka polistika distala nazvu polity "cheap pennies."

Навпаки, у період застренстрення інфляції The central bank will reserve the rate, interest on loans to commercial banks, sell Ім облігації державних пок. Tim himself vuzhchayut mozhlivostі komertsіynih bankіv stvoryuvati novі groshі, obmezhuєtsya їh zdatnіst nadavati loans, pіdvischuyutsya protsentnі rates scho Veda to upovіlnennya zrostannya platospromozhnogo popitu, obmezhennya zrostannya virobnitstva, ale once s note rіvnya іnflyatsії. Taka polistika distala name polityki "expensive pennies."

Чергуючи вказані варіанти, the central bank of prague to secure the access to the services of grocery masi and masi goods.

5. The problem of regularity. The basic principle - the principle of the sovereignty of the rule of the tsin, the waxes of the faithful, the dying of the riche mechanicism, the prerogative of the riindi of the soupinal drink, the surrender to the vibroks of pomilkovi alarm, and the veda to the rippling of the negative naslidkiv.

Okremi try to regulate the market, as a rule, extreme situations. At the same time, the power will be set at the upper end of the tariff (tariffs) for the products of the natural monopolies, for the normal (middle) surplus і zahischayuchi кінцевих споживачів.

6. The support of economy. Economical program - Tse Nybil'sh rozvinut, complex state of economy of economy. The main forms of programming are: the distribution and implementation of national and complex comprehensive programs. Derzhavna NATIONAL programa, rozroblena on osnovі dovgostrokovih ekonomіchnih prognozіv, ohoplyuє nayvazhlivіshі makroekonomіchnі proportsії i wear іnformatsіyno-orієntuyuchy character dayuchi zmogu specific fіrmam (korporatsіyam) normally funktsіonuvati in sistemі narodnogospodarskih prіoritetіv in virobnitstvі produktsії, tehnіchnomu rozvitku, strukturnіy perebudovі Gospodarstwa, zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі.

Formally, such a program should be of a minimum character: the specific phrase itself is about food, those are the brothers in the power program, or at the risk of disrepair. Naspravdі Power vikoristovuє entire system ekonomіchnih іnstrumentіv (derzhavnі of order, scho zabezpechuyut garantіyny rinok zbutu i dosit visokі tsіni, pіlgovі podatkovі that protsentnі rates pryamі subsidії i subventsії), scho perebuvayut in її rozporyadzhennі s tim, dwellers zabezpechiti specific fіrmam (korporatsіyam) zrostannya obsyagu Sale і збільшення маси прибутку і тим спонукути ці фірми брати active in the real estate installations.

Schodo derzhavnih tsil'ovih program, rozrahovanyh on the fate of the tenths and hundreds of firmen, then stink of obovjazykovy character. However, it is said that the obovyazykovst is not based on the punishments (commands), but on contracts, yakis, perebachayuchi zhorstku materіnnu vidpovidalnist vikonavtsiv, volubovlyno ukladyayutsya fіrmami-vikonavtsy z stavnovnim organ, scho ocholyuє program. Zvichayno takі prog duzhe vigіdnі fіrmam-vikonavtsyam scho dozvolyaє їm rozmіschuvati derzhavnі of order on konkurentnіy osnovі, nadayuchi perevagu note hto proponuє naybіlsh vigіdnі for the powers of minds (yakіst, vitrati, termіni vikonannya).

7. The rule of regulation of integration processes. Economical integration means zroschennia natsionalnyh gospodarstv to a number of krayn ta utvorennya great inter-institutional economic complexes. The main lines of inte- grational processes are to be raised to the post-office ustnennya mitnih і fіnansovikh bar'єrіv, the cleavage of the minds for the vital transfer of goods, the services, the capitals and the robokoї sili. At the same time, integration is preceded by the unification of civil law, social insurance and societal care, by the system of taxation, by legislation, to the secession of iodinic calls to the minds of the peoples of the world. Нарешті, інтеграція perebacha currency union.

Як свідіть досвід країн розвинутого ринку, інтеграція сприяє значно підвищенню ефективності виробництва, зростанню конкурентоспроможності продукції, підвищенню рівня життя населення.

Necessarily, such pidkresliti, and integration processes are invoked by the control and for the country's non-partisan power, the most important powers in a number of countries. To tell me, say, the Rimsky Dogovir and the Maastrichtsky lands - for the sake of the land, by detachments, and not by private companies. With this macroeconomy, the state of regulation of the integration processes is designed to simplify the integration processes on meso- microcurrents.

In tsіlomu the state of regulation of the yak element of the structure of the governor's mechanism is rescheduling so dovgostrokov, promising: priskorennya NTP і structurally perebudovyh people's state; Підвищення темпів економічного зростання; Ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство ство най най най най най най най най най най най най най най най най Zavoyuvannya new positions on svitovih rints; Usunenna nadmirnogo diversionatsii pributkiv; Підтримка соціального світу і, зрештою, забезпечення на цій основі високого рівня anchoring the wide vistas of the population, тобто надня ринкиій економіці соціально орієнтованого character.