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Ekonomіka pratsі - Zavіnovska GT

8.3. Ob'єkti normuvannya pratsі

Pid hour normuvannya pratsі virobnichy processes podіlyaєtsya on operatsії that їh Elements. Virobnicha operatsіya - tse Chastina virobnichogo processes scho vikonuєtsya stosovno Pevnyi pratsі object one robіtnikom abo GROUP robіtnikіv on one robochem mіstsі. Some of the elements operatsії Je: installation, tehnologіchny i dopomіzhny transitions pozitsіya. Installation - tse disposable zakrіplennya obroblyuvanoї blank abo detalі. Pozitsіya harakterizuєtsya fіksovanim pratsі position of the object, de vіn pіdlyagaє tehnologіchnomu vplivu ustatkuvannya. Perehіd - tse Chastina operatsії scho harakterizuєtsya nezmіnnіstyu installation that pozitsії, the robot mode ustatkuvannya that іnstrumentu.

Pid hour vikonannya virobnichoї operatsії pratsіvnik zastosovuє pevnі trudovі priyomi, dії, Ruhi.

The Labour Movement in - tse disposable peremіschennya robochem Helsinki Human body - hands, feet, body toscho (napriklad, protyagnuti hand to іnstrumenta, take іnstrument).

Exposure The Trudova - sukupnіst ruhіv of labor, without scho vikonuyutsya Pererva one abo kіlkoma robochem bodies of Helsinki Human nezmіnnih predmetіv i zasobіv pratsі (napriklad, to take part).

The Labour priya - sukupnіst the Labour Act reasonably, scho vikonuyutsya for nezmіnnih predmetіv i zasobіv pratsі i stanovlyat tehnologіchno completion Chastain operatsії (napriklad installation preform pristosuvannya).

Otzhe, sukupnіst priyomіv, ob'єdnanih s urahuvannyam tehnologіchnoї poslіdovnostі spіlnostі faktorіv abo scho vplivayut hour vikonannya zavdannya (napriklad installation detalі in pristosuvannya i znyattya її pіslya obroblennya) utvoryuyut complex of labor priyomіv.

Fallow od Especially virobnitstva ob'єktami normuvannya shaping can Buti: obsyag robots for Pevnyi perіod - Godin zmіnu, mіsyats (napriklad on vidobuvnih that aparaturnih processes, dopomіzhnih robots on Promyslova pіdpriєmstvah); obslugovuvannya zone (for bagatoverstatnikіv in tekstilnіy promislovostі on obrobnih processes h bagatoverstatnim obslugovuvannyam in mashinobuduvannі); chiselnіst staff (obslugovuvannya tehnologіchnih bearing-down, energetichnih, transport toscho systems).

For rozrahunku standards pratsі potrіbna chіtka klasifіkatsіya hour costs.

Klasifіkatsіyu expenses hour mozhna zdіysnyuvati schodo pratsіvnika, robots ustatkuvannya, trivalostі virobnichogo processes.

Structure zmіnnogo robochem hour (Tz.r) yavlyaє him spіvvіdnoshennya hour robots that hour Pererva, abo normovanogo i nenormovanogo robochem hour. Hour robots (Tr) - Tse hour protyagom yakogo pratsіvnik zdіysnyuє of labor processes on svoєmu robochem mіstsі protyagom zmіni. Vіn skladaєtsya іz hour produktivnoї robots (Tp.r) i hour neproduktivnoї robots (Tr.n).

Before neproduktivnoї robots nalezhit usunennya abo vipravlennya marriage, scho blame Winick s most pratsіvnika, vikonannya robots for Vlasnyi potreb toscho.

Productive work harakterizuєtsya vikonannyam obov'yazkіv, peredbachenih Regulation (Direct sumіschuvanih i). Vaughn vklyuchaє pіdgotovcho-zavershalnu operational robot that th obslugovuvannya robochem Georeferencing.

Pid hour pіdgotovcho-zavershalnoї robots vikonuyutsya pevnі zavdannya on the cob that naprikіntsі zmіni, takі yak obsession zmіnnogo zavdannya that naryadіv; oznayomlennya іz zavdannyam, virobnichy іnstruktazh, obsession i Povernennya robochem kreslen, tehnologіchnih cards іnstrumentіv, pristroїv; obsession, i look around zdavannya materіalіv, blanks, parts i vuzlіv; nalagodzhuvannya obladnannya established by pristroїv that іnstrumentіv on the cob that zmіni znyattya їh naprikіntsі zmіni; viprobuvannya obladnannya that obroblennya Trial details; zdavannya gotovoї produktsії abo robots.

Operational robot - tse bezposerednє vikonannya zmіnnogo zavdannya. Hour vitracheny on neї (To.p) skladaєtsya h hour vikonannya mainly priyomіv (That) i dopomіzhnih (Tg).

Vikonuyuchi osnovnі priyomi (mainly hours) pratsіvnik zdіysnyuє peretvorennya predmetіv pratsі.

Dopomіzhnі priyomi (dopomіzhny hour) polyagayut in such dіyah: pratsіvnik ustanovlyuє subject pratsі on Verstat abo stіl for obroblennya, znіmaє yogo zvіdti; upravlyaє obladnannyam that zdіysnyuє transitions pov'yazanі s vikonannyam zavdannya; vimіryuє Objects pratsі toscho.

Hour obslugovuvannya robochem Georeferencing (Tob) skladaєtsya h hour organіzatsіynogo obslugovuvannya (bargaining) is the hour tehnіchnogo obslugovuvannya (Tteh). Hour organіzatsіynogo obslugovuvannya vikoristovuєtsya to look around robochem Georeferencing that yogo vporyadkuvannya, rozkladannya іnstrumentu on the cob that zmіni pribirannya naprikіntsі її, she shelled zmaschuvannya obladnannya.

Hour tehnіchnogo obslugovuvannya vikoristovuєtsya on doglyad obladnannya in protsesі vikonannya pevnoї konkretnoї robot zokrema nalagodzhennya obladnannya, zamіna znoshenogo іnstrumentu toscho.

Costs robochem hour podіlyayutsya on normovanі i nenormovanі. Before normovanih nalezhat neobhіdnі danih for specific costs of the main drain i dopomіzhnogo hour, hour obslugovuvannya robochem Georeferencing on vіdpochinok osobistі that require reglamentovanі Pererva s organіzatsіyno-tehnіchnih reasons pіdgotovcho-zavershalny hour. Sumarno magnitude Tsikh costs o'clock on odinitsyu produktsії the piece Je-kalkulyatsіynim hour (t wk):

wk t = t on + t d + t on + t + t v.o.p pr + t p.z;

de t - core hour;

t d - dopomіzhny hour;

t an - hour obslugovuvannya robochem Georeferencing;

t v.o.p - hour vіdpochinok that osobistі required;

t etc. - hour normovanih Pererva s organіzatsіyno-tehnіchnih reasons;

t p.z - pіdgotovcho zavershalny-hour odinitsyu produktsії.

Doslіdzhuyuchi trudovі processes, vazhlivo viznachiti faktich-

ni costs o'clock on vikonannya okremih elementіv operatsії and

takozh cost structure o'clock protyagom robochoї zmіni abo її Chastain.

Viznachennya factual expenses hour to vikonannya elementіv operatsіy potrіbno for rozroblennya normativіv hour, Vibor nayratsіonalnіshih metodіv pratsі, analіzu of Quality standards i normativіv toscho.

Pid hour viznachennya normativіv hour to obslugovuvannya robochem Georeferencing i pіdgotovcho zavershalnogo-hour, and takozh for otsіnyuvannya efektivnostі vikoristannya robochem hour vikoristovuyutsya danі about the cost structure robochem hour.

Nayposhirenіshimi pіdpriєmstvah on methods of labor doslіdzhennya protsesіv Je: timing, fotografіya robochem hour, fotohronometrazh. When tsomu faktichnі costs per hour vimіryuyutsya Relief sekundomіrіv, hronometrіv, godinnikіv, hronografіv.

table 8.1

OSNOVNІ POZNACHENNYA (ІNDEKSI) COST robochem Hour

Usі methodological doslіdzhennya costs robochem hour skladayutsya s such basic etapіv:

• pіdgotovka to sposterezhennya;
• Venue of sposterezhennya;
• obroblennya danih;
• analіz rezultatіv i pіdgotovka propozitsіy schodo udoskonalennya organіzatsії pratsі.

Relief For timekeeping at viznachaєtsya trivalіst elementіv operatsіy scho povtoryuyutsya.

Vidіlyayut three ways of carrying out Duration: bezperervny (for precisely the hour), vіdbіrkovy i Cycle. For the method bezperervnogo OAO All Elements pevnoї operatsії doslіdzhuyutsya vіdpovіdno to poslіdovnostі їh vikonannya. Vіdbіrkovy sposіb timekeeping zastosovuєtsya for vivchennya okremih elementіv operatsії Square od poslіdovnostі їh vikonannya, cyclic sposіb - for doslіdzhennya quiet elementіv operatsії scho toil Neznachny trivalіst (3-5 sec.).

Fallow od ob'єkta sposterezhennya rozrіznyayut takі fotografії:

• fotografіya vikoristannya hour pratsіvnikіv (іndivіdualna, grupovogo, samofotografіya);
• fotografіya hour robots ustatkuvannya;
• fotografіya virobnichogo processes.

Pid hour іndivіdualnoї fotografії sposterіgach viznachaє vikoristannya one hour pratsіvnikom protyagom robochoї zmіni abo іnshogo perіodu.

In quiet vipadkah, if the robot vikonuєtsya kіlkoma robіtnikami, zokrema for brigadnoї organіzatsії pratsі, zdіysnyuєtsya grupovogo fotografіya robochem hour.

Samofotografіyu zdіysnyuє himself pratsіvnik, yaky fіksuє value vtrat robochem hour and takozh Reason їh viniknennya.

Tse spriyaє zaluchennyu vsіh pratsіvnikіv to aktivnoї uchastі in viyavlennі th usunennі vtrat robochem hour.

Fotografіya hour vikoristannya ustatkuvannya - tse sposterezhennya Yogo for robots i Pererva in nіy metoyu s obsession danih obґruntuvannya costs for an hour on obslugovuvannya (one robіtnikom abo kіlkoma).

Fotografіya virobnichogo processes - tse odnochasne vivchennya costs robochem vikonavtsіv hour, hour vikoristannya ustatkuvannya rezhimіv i yogo robot. Sposterezhennya Mauger vikonuvatisya EYAD sposterіgachami one sposterіgaє for robіtnikami, others - for ustatkuvannyam, tobto dvostoronnє sposterezhennya.

Od fallow method of carrying out the first obroblennya sposterezhen rozrіznyayut two methods of carrying out fotografії robochem hour: Method bezposerednіh zamіrіv i sposterezhen method of moment.

Method bezposerednіh zamіrіv polyagaє in bezposerednіy reєstratsії trivalostі cost per hour Some of the elements operatsії scho sposterіgaєtsya. For Relief method of moment sposterezhen fіksuєtsya robochem mіsts Mill, scho sposterіgayutsya. When tsomu cost structure ustanovlyuєtsya hour fallow od kіlkostі momentіv, if sposterіgalisya vіdpovіdnі mills.