Fіnansova dіyalnіst sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya - Tereshchenko OO

12.5. Viznachennya require pіdpriєmstva in kapіtalі

12.5.1. Zmіst that require Vidi in kapіtalі

On praktitsі before fіnansovimi services of companies, okremimi pіdpriєmtsyami dosit often postayut zapitannya this genus:

skіlki penny koshtіv potrіbno zaluchiti, dwellers zabezpechiti virobnitstvo Pevnyi produktsії mean?

yaky obsyag fіnansovih resursіv slіd vikoristati on pridbannya mainly zasobіv aktivіv that non-negotiable?

to yaky perіod i Where Money Does obsyazі slіd zaluchati Costa for pokrittya costs SSMSC vklyuchayutsya to sobіvartostі produktsії?

yaky order formuvannya aktivіv i pasivіv?

Vіdpovіd on tsі that INSHI zapitannya mi otrimaєmo, doslіdivshi order viznachennya require pіdpriєmstva in kapіtalі scho Yea neobhіdnim for uspіshnogo skladannya plan іnvestitsіy that іnshih vidіv byudzhetіv.

Require in kapіtalі - tse Virage in penny ekvіvalentі require pіdpriєmstva penny in Costa i materіalnih zasobah, neobhіdnih for vikonannya posed tsіley that zabezpechennya fіnansovoї rіvnovagi. Require in kapіtalі rozrahovuєtsya on osnovі metodologії zero-basis chi traditsіynogo byudzhetuvannya.

For traditsіynogo byudzhetuvannya planned obsyag require deposits in kapіtalі od predicted values ​​penny viplat i nadhodzhen and takozh hour іntervalu mіzh them. Defіtsit chi nadlishok penny koshtіv for Pevnyi promіzhok hour viznachaєtsya yak rіznitsya mіzh narostayuchimi pіdsumkami penny viplat that nadhodzhen for Tsey perіod.

Butt 12.1

Viznachimo needful pіdpriєmstva in kapіtalі in planned perіodі, Yakscho prognoznі pokazniki penny nadhodzhen i viplat toil Taqiy viglyad:

Mіsyats

Groshovі viplati

Nadhodzhennya

Require (), nadlishok (-)

Sіchen

350000

-

350 000

Lyuty

300000

-

650 000

Berezen

100000

100000

650 000

Kvіten

200000

150000

700 000

Zakіnchennya Table.

Mіsyats

Groshovі viplati

Nadhodzhennya

Require (), nadlishok (-)

Traven

100000

200000

600 000

Cherven

100000

200000

500 000

Lipen

250000

100000

650 000

Serpen

50000

200000

500 000

Veresen

100000

200000

400 000

Zhovten

200000

150000

450 000

leaf fall

100000

200000

350 000

Gruden

150000

200000

300 000

Narostayuchy pіdsumok

2 000 000

1 700 000

+ 300 000

Process viniknennya required in kapіtalі mozhna uyaviti in grafіchnomu viglyadі. On osnovі pobudovi grafіka required in kapіtalі protyagom planned perіodu (Figure 12.3.) You can viznachiti obsyagi vitrat pіdpriєmstva, SSMSC slіd pokrivati ​​for rakhunok Vlasnyi kapіtalu and SSMSC - vdayuchis to zaluchennya fіnansovih resursіv kreditorіv. In Nashomu prikladі pіdpriєmstvo Got stabіlnu mіnіmalnu needful in fіnansovih resources obsyagom 300 tis. UAH. The maximum value is required in kapіtalі protyagom planned perіodu becoming 700 tis. UAH. Rіznitsya mіzh Maximum i mіnіmalnim obsyagami require in Costa dorіvnyuє 400 tis. UAH (700 000 - 300 000).

In praktitsі fіnansovo-gospodarskoї dіyalnostі of companies in ekonomіchno rozvinutih kraїnah priynyato vvazhati scho (for іnshih rіvnih obstavin) stabіlnu mіnіmalnu needful in kapіtalі dotsіlno pokrivati ​​for rakhunok Vlasnyi kapіtalu and timchasovu rіznitsyu mіzh mіnіmalnoyu require that the maximum - for rakhunok koshtіv kreditorіv * 7. Otzhe as planned perіodu nayoptimalnіshim Je pokrittya required in kapіtalі obsyagom at 300 tis. UAH for rakhunok Vlasnyi kapіtalu and timchasovu rіznitsyu mіzh Maximum mіnіmalnoyu that require dotsіlno fіnansuvati for rakhunok zaluchennya korotkostrokovih pozichok in vіdpovіdnih ne-rіodah.

* 7: {Olfert O. Finanzierung. Kompendium der praktischen Betriebswirtschaft. - S. 68-69}.

Grafіk required in kapіtalі protyagom planned perіodu

Fig. 12.3. Grafіk required in kapіtalі protyagom planned perіodu

Widi required in kapіtalі. For prognozuvannya required in kapіtalі nasampered slіd viznachiti planovі obsyagi penny viplat in rozrіzі okremih їh warehouses i perіodіv. Widi required in kapіtalі mozhna klasifіkuvati for penny viplat type of companies (Figure 12.4.):

groshovі vidatki in rezultatі іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі;

groshovі vidatki in rezultatі operatsіynoї dіyalnostі;

groshovі vidatki in rezultatі fіnansovoї dіyalnostі.

Require in kapіtalі for fіnansuvannya osnovnoї dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva. The basic Chastina penny vidatkіv pіdpriєmstva pov'yazana іz zabezpechennyam їh osnovnoї dіyalnostі. Viniknennya required in kapіtalі for zabezpechennya tsієї dіyalnostі zumovlene nezbіgom in chasі time zdіysnennya penny vitrat (mainly on pridbannya zasobіv, sirovini, materіalіv toscho) is the time nadhodzhennya penny koshtіv for produktsіyu on virobnitstvo yakoї ponesenі vitrati. Bazoyu for viznachennya obsyagu fіnansovih resursіv, neobhіdnih for pokrittya vitrat, pov'yazanih іz pіdgotovkoyu, organіzatsієyu, maintaining that obslugovuvannyam virobnitstva, Je realіzatsії budget is the budget virobnitstva produktsії (tab. 12.2 that 12.3).

Widi required in kapіtalі

Fig. 12.4. Widi required in kapіtalі

Zagalna required in kapіtalі rozrahovuєtsya yak scrip:

kapіtalu, neobhіdnogo for fіnansuvannya mainly zasobіv i nematerіalnih aktivіv (іnvestitsіyna dіyalnіst) that

kapіtalu for fіnansuvannya werewolf aktivіv (operatsіyna dіyalnіst).

Otzhe, groshovі vidatki for zabezpechennya osnovnoї dіyalnostі mozhut zdіysnyuvatisya not deprivation within operatsіynoї and second in rezultatі іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі. In razі, pіdpriєmstvo Yakscho is staying on stadії stvorennya then dodatkovo rozrahovuєtsya require at fіnansovih resources neobhіdnih for pokrittya vitrat on zasnuvannya, zokrema:

vitrat on Reigning reєstratsіyu pіdpriєmstva;

rіznogo old notarіalnі vitrati;

komіsіynі vinagorodi, pov'yazanі іz zasnuvannyam pіdpriєmstva i yogo launch in dіyu.

Plan virobnitstva rozroblyaєtsya on osnovі obranoї strategії rozvitku pіdpriєmstva, nayavnogo potentsіalu that s urahuvannyam forward-pokaznikіv obsyagіv zbutu produktsії. Ostannі viznachayutsya on pіdstavі marketing doslіdzhen market analysis, portfolio analіzu toscho. Vazhlivoyu pid hour rozrobki plan virobnitstva Je koordinatsіya vsіh elementіv ekonomіchnoї potuzhnostі pіdpriєmstva: nayavnogo tehnologіchnogo that fіnansovogo potentsіalu and takozh mozhlivostey zbutu produktsії. Pokaznik tehnologіchnoї potuzhnostі viznachaє obsyag produktsії, yaky mozhna virobiti on nayavnih in pіdpriєmstva mainly zasobah. Fіnansova potuzhnіst pіdpriєmstva zasvіdchuє, yaky obsyag virobnitstva tovarnoї produktsії in zmozі profіnansuvati pіdpriєmstvo. In tsіlomu tehnіchna that fіnansova potuzhnіst Je vzaєmozalezhnimi values ​​i viznachayutsya mozhlivostyami zbutu produktsії. Dana vzaєmozalezhnіst mozhna prostezhiti for the Relief of the butt.

Butt 12.2

Provedemo analіz chotiroh rіznih kombіnatsіy tehnologіchnoї i fіnansovoї potuzhnostі that mozhlivostey rinkіv zbutu produktsії in yakih danі value does not zbіgayutsya. Otsіnimo mozhlivі naslіdki vplivu rozbіzhnostey on fіnansovo-ekonomіchny camp pіdpriєmstva (OAO All danі navedenі in pieces viroblyuvanoї produktsії).

Varіant

Tehnologіchnapotuzhnіst

Fіnansova potuzhnіst

Mozhlivostіzbutu produktsії

Otsіnka

1

1000

800

800

Zayvі potuzhnostі (znizhennya rentabelnostі)

2

1000

1200

1000

Nadlishok fіnansovih resursіv (s porіvnyano Perche varіantom maintained upstream rentabelnіst)

3

800

1000

1000

Defіtsit virobnichih bearing-down (the problem i s fіnansuvannyam pridbannyam obladnannya)

4

1000

800

1000

Defіtsit in fіnansuvannі (Problem s mobіlіzatsієyu dodatkovih fіnansovih resursіv)

Varіant 1. pіdpriєmstva zayvі virobnichі potuzhnostі i stink to chastkovo not zavantazhenі. Rentabelnіst pіdpriєmstva znizhuєtsya through those scho pіdpriєmstvo zdіysnyuє vitrati on utrimannya that obslugovuvannya bearing-down, SSMSC does not bear nalezhnoї vіddachі.

2. Varіant Nayavnі obіgovі Costa perevischuyut їh neobhіdny rozmіr. Tse stvoryuє minds for vikoristannya obіgovih koshtіv not for priznachennyam scho zumovlyuє nagromadzhennya nadmіrnih zapasіv sirovini i materіalіv, vіdvolіkannya koshtіv in debіtorsku zaborgovanіst. All tse generally produces up znizhennya rentabelnostі that lіkvіdnostі pіdpriєmstva. However zayvі fіnansovі resources can rozmіstiti on fіnansovomu Rinku i win a race rіznogo fіnansovі income. Rentabelnіst pіdpriєmstva such rank, bude maintained upstream, nіzh in varіantі 1.

Varіant 3. pіdpriєmstva defіtsit virobnichih bearing-down, tobto іsnuyut problemi tehnologіchnogo nature. In danomu razі virobnichu potuzhnіst slіd zbіlshiti 200 odinits. Problems of mozhut viniknuti through vіdsutnіst obladnannya on market analysis, zdatnogo pіdvischiti virobnichu potuzhnіst sama 200 odinits produktsії. Mauger Buti propozitsіya obladnannya s bіlshoyu potuzhnіstyu scho Mauger prizvesti to varіantu 1 (zayvі virobnichі potuzhnostі). Okrіm of mozhut viniknuti fіnansovі problems oskіlki zbіlshennya virobnichih bearing-down zumovlyuє dodatkovu needful in kapіtalі. When tsomu in zhodnomu razі not mozhna nayavnі lіkvіdnі zasobi spryamovuvati on zdіysnennya real іnvestitsіy, oskіlki zmenshitsya fіnansova potuzhnіst pіdpriєmstva. Obsyag virobnitstva perevischuvatime іsnuyuchі fіnansovі mozhlivostі pіdpriєmstva (varіant 4).

Varіant 4. pіdpriєmstva vіdchuvaєtsya defіtsit obіgovih koshtіv scho Yea naslіdkom fіnansovoї rіvnovagi torn down. Tse Mauger prizvesti to vtrati lіkvіdnostі that platospromozhnostі. Slіd get used zahodіv schodo zaluchennya kapіtalu s metoyu popovnennya working kapіtalu.

Danian butt pіdtverdzhuє values ​​proper to require viznachennya kapіtalі for zabezpechennya efektivnoї operatsіynoї dіyalnostі. Neuzgodzhenіst pokaznikіv virobnichoї potuzhnostі, zabezpechennya pіdpriєmstva fіnansovimi resource that will require market analysis in produktsії generally produces up pogіrshennya fіnansovo-ekonomіchnogo will sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya.

Fіnansuvannya vitrat not pov'yazanih s basic dіyalnіstyu pіdpriєmstva. On pіdpriєmstvah takozh Mauger viniknuti required in kapіtalі for dosyagnennya tsіley not have vіdobrazhenih planі virobnitstva, zokrema for zdіysnennya rіznogo old fіnansovih іnvestitsіy chi pokrittya costs nevirobnichogo nature. Fіnansuvannya zgadanih costs guilty zdіysnyuvatisya for zalishkovim principle for rakhunok pure pributku. In okremih vipadkah tse mozhna zrobiti for rakhunok bankіvskih pozichok, Jerel repayment yakih znovu Well after Je Prybutok. Rozrahunok obsyagіv fіnansovih resursіv, neobhіdnih for pokrittya Tsikh vidіv required in kapіtalі, Je dosit forgive i zdіysnyuєtsya, vihodyachi s faktichnoї quantities vіdpovіdnih costs: vartostі aktsіy, oblіgatsіy, costs utrimannya ob'єktіv nevirobnichogo priznachennya toscho.