home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Method 2 Rozdіl OSNOVNІ PІZNANNYA SOTSІALNO-EKONOMІCHNIH PROTSESІV

§ 1. Zagalnonaukovі methodological

Bagatovimіrnіst ekonomіchnih yavisch i protsesіv vimagaє adequacy metodіv їh pіznannya. Ponyattya "method" like od Greece. meto Way doslіdzhennya. In suchasnіy zagalnіy ekonomіchnіy teorії viznachilis two osnovnі eg: vivchennya vartostі that dodatkovoї vartostі and takozh efektivnostі virobnitstva. Poєdnannya Tsikh dvoh no alternative but vzaєmodopovnyuyuchih "channels" єdinoї Ekon-mіchnoї science Especially expired Je sogodnі, if potrіbno on au-Perche, vstanoviti osnovnі dzherela krizovoe will ukraїnskoї Economy i, in other words, virobiti that practical realіzuvati stratum-gіyu transformatsії virobnichih vіdnosin.

For pіznannya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih protsesіv vikoristovuyut zagalnonaukovі that spetsіalnі for ekonomіchnoї teorії methods.

The fundamental principle pіznannya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih yavisch i protsesіv Je Explanation їh through vnutrіshnі superechnostі. Polіtekonomіchny aspect vіdkrivaє in pіznavanіy superechnostі takі її vlastivostі, yak totozhnіst, vіdmіnnіst, Vlasnyi superechnіst i con flіkt.

Sered zagalnonaukovih metodіv pіznannya sotsіalno-ekonomіch-protsesіv them chіlne Location nalezhit structurally funktsіonalnomu method scho peredbachaє rozglyad whether yakogo ekonomіchnogo yavischa yak System z obov'yazkovim analіzom funktsіy vzaєmodіyuchih "elementіv. So, for the CIM method can viznachiti warehouse Suchasnyj productive forces of Ukraine abo іnshih kraїn, prostezhiti zmіni, SSMSC them vіdbuvayutsya, viznachiti Location i role skin Elements Tsikh productive forces Ostannі Je systemic ob'єktom Zi zv'yazka mi vіdpovіdnih rіvnіv:. a) koordinatsіynimi scho viznachayut uzgodzhenіst vzaєmodіyuchih structural elementіv Sistemi i Location Elements within the system, and b) subordinatsіynimi, SSMSC vkazuyut on supіdryadny elementіv phone reception in the system ob'єktі c) gene-partially, SSMSC pokazuyut phone reception Elements s іstorієyu rozvitku SIS ones.

Otzhe, structurally funktsіonalny pіdhіd viznachaє sistemnі Lake-Naki, scho zberіgayutsya for ob'єktami doslіdzhennya Square od nature їhnoї transformatsії.

Find our Odnієyu s Sistemi Je її tsіlіsnіst. When tsomu rіznі Elements Sistemi vzaєmopov'yazanі. The system in Find our mother tsіlomu Mauger, scho vіdrіznyayutsya od Find our її Chastain. One second she herself exposure The Mauger sprichi strand rіzny vpliv on system tsіlomu i on okremі її Chastain against exposure The SSMSC on nebudu Chastain Sistemi vplivaє i on system tsіlomu. Nareshtі, zmіna system is not Yea adequacy sumі Change log її Chastain.

Find our Іnshimi Sistemi Je spryamovanіst її Ruhu, organіzatsіya that upravlіnnya. Schodo ostannogo mozhna viyaviti nayavnіst chi-od sutnіst regulyuyuchogo central authority that stupіn zasobi yogo vplivu on the system (Direct upravlіnnya, nepryamі vazhelі vplivu), PI-Wen tsentralіzatsії that detsentralіzatsії gospodarskoї dіyalnostі in dinamіtsі. Pіslya structural analіzu doslіdzhuvanih systems slіd rozrobiti kontseptsії rozvitku system on osnovі vivchennya її structure-Turi, tobto viyaviti "chutlivі" points through vikoristannya yakih WMS-on upravlyati system.

One іz zasobіv pіznannya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih protsesіv Je poєdnannya yakіsnogo that kіlkіsnogo analіzu i viznachennya on tsіy wasps novі ically mathematical metodіv in ekonomіchnih doslіdzhennyah. Them koristuyutsya rіznі ekonomіchnі school (neokeynsіanska, monetaristska, neolіberalna that іn.).

Kіlkіsnі characteristics Je nevіd'єmnoyu Chastain whether yakogo ekonomіchnogo doslіdzhennya. So, one s klasikіv polіtichnoї eco-nomії that teorії vartostі W. Pettі naming one іz svoїh Perche polіtiko-ekonomіchnih Prace "Polіtichnoyu arithmetic", de zaznachav scho vikladati pillows can be no verbal tіlki, ale th "movoyu chi-sat, i terezіv was made by Mir ". Zasnovniki ically mathematical directly polіteko nomії-XIX century. William Jevons i L. Walras, zastosuvavshi abstraktnі matematichnі modelі, vіdіyshli od trudovoї vartostі.

Uchenі-ekonomіsti zavzhdi obґruntovuvali svoї visnovki for accurate up-helping kіlkіsnogo analіzu. Napriklad can vmіti analіzuvati kіlkіsnі value (rozrіznyati tendentsіyu, zakonomіr-i nіst law vihodyachi s perіodichnostі repetition quiet chi іnshih empіrichnih vipadkіv in addition chi іnshomu sotsіalno-ekonomіchnomu yavischі) i rank this pronikati in sutnіst vіdnosin mіzh people. Yakscho Pevnyi yavische vіdbuvaєtsya Pevnyi Quantity razіv, Zuko vono Je-nomіrnim i Mauger Buti virazhene ically mathematical formulas.

Neobhіdnіst volodіnnya priyomami ically mathematical analіzu Dhu Movla rozvitkom ob'єkta doslіdzhennya - bagatovimіrnogo svitu Economy. Process viyavlennya tendentsіy ekonomіchnogo rozvitku zumovlyuє wider vprovadzhennya ically mathematical priyomіv (h od-povіdnimi formulas rіvnyan, nerіvnostey, funktsіy, іntegralіv toscho).

For davnіh chasіv drіbny tovarovirobnik, mozhlivo, zdіysnyuvav usі ekonomіchnі rozrahunki for Relief elementarnoї arithmetic-ki, vistupayuchi odnochasno postachalnik i yak, yak i technologist, i, zreshtoyu, yak fіnansist. Sogodnі podіbny pіdhіd prirecheny to fail.

Sze in 1937 p. maybutnіy Nobelіvsky laureate Ronald Coase in odnіy іz svoїh articles about teorіyu fіrmi okresliv Mezhuyev scho vіddіlyaє vnut-rіshnє seredovische pіdpriєmstva od zovnіshnogo rinkovogo Sulphur dovischa. Sub'єkt gospodaryuvannya for yogo gіpotezoyu, Got vibіr:

oplatiti vitrati gospodarskih operatsіy, vstupayuchi in vіdnosini s counterparties chi zdіysnyuvati analogіchnі operatsії vseredinі samoї fіrmi pid control vlasnika manager chi shukayuchi efektivnі-shy i deshevshe varіant. Tsey vibіr (m іzh upravlіnnyam useredinі fіrmi i ekonomієyu on upravlіnnі, ale z rinkovimi vitratami) at Dumka R. Coase, viznachaє rozmіri pіdpriєmstva.

Suchasnyj rіven rozvitku productive forces zrostannya ZOOM-bіv virobnitstva, rozshirennya mіzhgaluzevih i teritorіalnih zv'yaz-kіv zumovlyuyut technological and ekonomіchnі rozrahunki, SSMSC often Viho-dyat for mezhі elementarnoї mathematics. Glibokі matematichnі Known-nya stayut neobhіdnimi not deprivation for praktikіv and minutes for teoretikіv Economy, oskіlki without them nemozhlivo prostezhiti vzaє-mozv'yazki suspіlnogo virobnitstva.

Wide vprovadzhennya ekonomіchnu mathematics in science is the INSHI rozpochalosya slit in the XIX century. For Tsei hour viyavilis takozh negativnі

moments pov'yazanі Zi sprobami "matematizuvati" all practical. Location i Diskusіya about the role of mathematics in the ekonomіchnih doslіdzhennyah zatihaє then rozgortaєtsya s by a new power. Sogodnі Shvydko Rose-vivayutsya i vdoskonalyuyutsya tehnіchnі zasobi zdіysnennya naysklad-nіshih ically mathematical rozrahunkіv, zbirannya that obrobki velichez-potokіv Informácie them on AMR. Komp'yuterniy gramotnіst staє barely-mentary required. Tse stvoryuє spriyatlivі minds for a wide vprovadzhennya ically mathematical metodіv yak in practicality upravlіnnya ekonomіchnimi processes, so i in theoreticity osmislennya їh.

Zastosuvannya ically mathematical metodіv, our Dumka, not guilty, but zvoditi folding ekonomіchne Zhittya to kіlkіsnih fallow, that analіzu rozrobki models optimіzatsії їh. Oskіlki ekonomіchnі vіdnosini i Zakoni toil kіlkіsnu viznachenіst then matematichnі methodological spriyatimut pіznannyu that vikladu ekonomіchnoї teorії. Ra-Zoom s tim stink obov'yazkovo toil dopovnyuvatis yakіsnim analі-manner. Zneosoblenі formulas grafіki, matritsі unlikely chi dopomozhut viyaviti sutnіst quiet chi іnshih sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih protsesіv. The I navpaki, organіchne poєdnannya structurally funktsіonalnogo pid-go that metodіv stvoryuє ically mathematical minds for efektivnosti now-kovogo spіlkuvannya predstavnikіv rіznih shkіl that napryamіv Ekon-mіchnoї teorії.