home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 3. Kontseptsії pennies

Svіtovіy ekonomіchnіy lіteraturі vіdomo kіlka alternative kontseptsіy pohodzhennya pennies. In odnіy s them - ratsіonalіstich-nіy - zaznachaєtsya, scho Zgoda groshі Je result mіzh people SSMSC viznali neobhіdnіst spetsіalnih zasobіv obslugovuvannya m³ for new-trafficking. Vpershe tsya bula kontseptsіya visunuta Arіstotelem in pratsі "Nіkomahova etika". Deyake zakonodavche vіdobrazhennya Won znayshla in ancient i serednovіchnomu suspіlstvah. Eg treasure in rimskomu pravі zafіksovano Bulo, scho іmperator dekretuє Var-tіst pennies.

Rіznovidom ratsіonalіstichnoї kontseptsії Je Derzhavna teorіya gro-necks nіmetskogo ekonomіsta G. Knapp. In knizі "Derzhavna teorіya pennies" vіn groshі called "product of the rule of law", tvorіnnyam derzhavnoї Vladi, vstanovlenim law platіzhnim zasobom. In yogo Dumka, stvorenі powers groshі priymayutsya Square od їh metalevogo zmіstu, E "hartalnimi platіzhnimi zasobami" tobto umovnimi signs, nadіlenimi Reigning Vladoiu Pevnyi pla-tіzhnoyu power.

Ratsіonalіstichna kontseptsіya pohodzhennya pennies zastosovuєtsya i

lіteraturі kіntsya in the XX century. pid hour analіzu quiet forms yakih groshі carols. Vіdomy anglіysky ekonomіst L. Harrіs in pratsі "penny teorіya" vikladaє are tsієї kontseptsії: "The very sobі dolarovy bі-years - rіch nepotrіbna; vіn nabuvaє vartostі deprivation fact scho suspіl-tion through svoї Zakoni i zvichaї nadіlyaє yogo vlastivіstyu funktsіo-nuvati yak zasіb obіgu. Analogіchno morskі bug, SSMSC vikoris-tovuvalisya in deyakih spіvtovaristvah yak groshі not mali b vartostі, yakbi suspіlna structure yak їh spawned not potrebuvala in yakіys formі pennies i no nada їm vіdpovіdnoї rolі ". Otzhe, ratsіonalіs-is analytic kontseptsіya zaperechuє commodity nature of pennies, їh stihіyne

pohodzhennya.

Predstavniki іnshoї kontseptsії - evolyutsіynogo pohodzhennya gro-necks - vkazuyut in the commodity nature of pennies, stihіyne vidіlennya їh іz zagalnoї masi i tovarіv on їh Especially in ekonomіtsі Location. Vsebіchno kontseptsіya tsya bula obgruntovana robots in Marx that yogo poslіdovnikіv. However Won Got prihilnikіv not tіlki Sered marksistіv. Kontseptsіya wider i in suchasnіy ekonomіchnіy Litera-turі Sunset, Hoch i do not pov'yazuєtsya s podvіynim character pratsі, vtіlenoї in tovarі, i podvіynoyu nature of the commodity, yogo vnutrіshnoyu superechnіstyu.

Predstavniki funktsіonalnih kontseptsіy pennies Sered concrete-which causes SSMSC viklikayut neobhіdnіst vikoristannya pennies nazivayut takі: vіdsutnіst sinhronіzatsії nadhodzhen i platezhіv, yak uskladnyuє directly tovaroobmіn; nayavnіst transaktsіynih vit-rat, tobto vitrat pratsі i resursіv, neobhіdnih for zdіysnennya tova-roobmіnnih land (at tsomu vipadku groshі Je zasobom mіnіmіzatsії wi-spending); neviznachenіst gospodarskih prospects scho zmushuє ESTATE-nikіv obіgu nakopichuvati zalishki pennies for strahuvannya od riziku; hour yak nevіd'єmny yelement protsesіv virobnitstva i obіgu tovarіv, yaky nadaє pennies role z'єdnuvalnogo lantsyuga mіzh sogo-dennyam i maybutnіm. Ekonomіsti neoklasichnoї SCHOOL, yak usually pov'yazuyut іsnuvannya pennies s Persha EYAD reasons, and at-hilniki keynsіanskogo directly - s EYAD ostannіmi.

Sche in the XIX century. Cheema ekonomіstіv zvertali uwagi on vіdsutnіst in vchenih navіt vіdnosnoї Zgoda s power sutnіst about pennies. Non-zvazhayuchi on the Great Quantity doslіdzhen s groshovoї teorії, TAKE PROVISIONS sposterіgaєtsya th ninі.

In suchasnіy svіtovіy ekonomіchnіy teorії іsnuє kіlka printsipovo rіznih pіdhodіv to viznachennya sutі pennies. Prihilniki Perche pіdhodu (Frіdman M., A. Schwartz that іn.) Factuality rozglyadayut groshі deprivation yak zruchny sposіb organіzatsії randomness sposterezhen i viznachayut їh yak "timchasove vmіstilische kupіvelnoї Seeley." When tsomu uwagi kontsentruєtsya on konstruyuvannі rіznih penny agregatіv, viyavlennі elementnogo warehouse Offers pennies toscho.

The basis of another pіdhodu - naybіlsh poshirenogo Sered Zahid-ekonomіstіv them - very hard poperednіy theoreticity analіz function-tsіy pennies on pіdstavі yakogo viznachayutsya sutі i FORMS pennies. Thus, the author of popular pіdruchnika "Ekonomіks" amerikanskі Prof. KR McConnell is the SL Brue vvazhayut scho groshі - Tse those scho groshі roblyat. All scho vikonuє funktsії pennies, i Je groshі. L. Harrіs takozh viznachaє are pennies through їh funktsії, stverdzhuyu chi scho groshі - tse whether yaky goods, yaky funktsіonuє yak zasіb obі-gu, rozrahunkova odinitsya i zasіb zberezhennya vartostі. Naychastіshe in robots Suchasnyj zahіdnih scientists vidіlyaєtsya three funktsії gro-necks: zasіb obіgu, odinitsya rozrahunku, zberezhennya vartostі. Pere crowbar at tsomu vіddaєtsya funktsії zasobu obіgu. That position about groshі goods yak, scho vikonuє rіznі funktsії, transformuєtsya in viznachennya: groshі - tse all scho yak zagalnopriynyate zasіb obmіnu and ostannіy - tse all scho priymaєtsya in obmіn on goods th Hotel. Poshirenim Je ototozhnyuvannya pennies yak zasobu obіgu chi zasobu payment i ob'єdnannya dvoh ostannіh one funktsіyu. Otzhe, pita-nya about funktsії pennies pіdmіnyuєtsya power are about pennies.

Naybіlsh obgruntovano іstorichnu are i funktsії pennies Rose-krivayut kontseptsії, SSMSC rozglyadayut їh through rozvitok forms Var-tostі.