home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 2. Sub'єkti rinkovogo Gospodarstwa

Sub'єktami rinkovoї Economy mozhut Buti: practical dermal іndivіduum yak fіzichna person, scho not obmezhena law in pravosub'єkt-nosgі that dієzdatnostі; groupies gromadyan (partnerіv); trudovі collectives;

yuridichnі individuals vsіh vlasnostі forms. Schodo ostannіh then svіtova prac-tic nagromadila digit Quantity rіznih forms gospodaryuvannya, SSMSC vodnochase Je gospodarskimi sub'єktami. Zokrema, just past about takі orga-nіzatsіyno-gospodarskі form, yak іndivіdualno labor dіyalnіst;

derzhavnі pіdpriєmstva; cooperatives; orendnі pіdpriєmstva; fermerskі Gospodarstwa; kolektivnі Gospodarstwa; Folk pіdpriєmstva; aktsіonernі tovaristva; malі pіdpriєmstva; korporatsії, ob'єdnannya, gospodarskі tovaristva; asotsіatsії, konsortsіumi; spіlnі (zmіshanі) pіdpriєmstva.

Nayposhirenіshimi Je three osnovnі FORMS pіdpriєmnitstva (bіzne-su): odnoosіbne volodіnnya, tovaristva, korporatsії. Uzagalnyuyuchim for vsіh forms Tsikh Je ponyattya fіrmi, tobto OOO All stink Yea Yurydychna special, sub'єktami rinkovoї Economy.

In ostannі desyatilіttya suttєvo zmіnilasya role Pevnyi sub'єktіv state-podarskogo Zhittya. Tehnologіchnі zrushennya in virobnitstvі uniquely zmenshili mozhlivostі th perevagi velikoserіynogo virobnitstva, gі-gantskih of companies that ob'єdnan. Vodnochase rentabelnіst i-tains tєzdatnіst Malih gospodaryuvannya forms, so the title of Malih pіdpri-єmstv, suttєvo zrosla. In rezultatі in kraїnah s rozvinutoyu rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu Pete Wagga sub'єktіv small bіznesu that pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі strіmko zrostaє. The United States, napriklad, funktsіonuє Ponad 15m Malih fіrm, tobto blizko 80 vіdsotkіv usіh pіdpriєmnitskih organіzatsіy. Chastka small bіznesu in GNP dosyagla 43 vіdsotki, and zagalnіy chiselnostі naymanoї robochoї Sealy - 58 vіdsotkіv.

Osnovnі perevagi Malih fіrm takі:

nezalezhnіst Act reasonably, i samostіynіst freedom when she viborі zdіy-snennі gospodarskogo maneuver;

іndivіdualіzovana motivatsіya rozumovogo riziku that temple kіn-trodes result;

chіtko personіfіkovana vіdpovіdalnіst for svoї rіshennya, dії is the results of the work;

gnuchka th operational adaptatsіya to situatsіy scho Permanent zmіnyuyutsya;

bіlsh nizkі upravlіnskі vitrati;

natsіlenіst in zavtrashnіy day perspective, scho zumovleno ac-tive іnnovatsіynoyu polіtikoyu fіrmi.

Tse did not oznachaє, scho not Got malies BIZNES nedolіkіv. Pong Yea, i їh not less then, nіzh perevag. However, the forms Tsikh Postal vlasnika, pid-priєmtsya nerozdіlno pov'yazana s funktsіyami virobnika.

Zvіdsi yogo pratselyubstvo, dіlovitіst, Turbota about zavtrashnіy day.

Pershoryadnoyu minds funktsіonuvannya rinkovoї Economy that zabezpechennya її away rozvitku Je nayavnіst samostіynih, eco-nomіchno vіdpovіdalnih not tіlki svoїmi precisely income, and the second їh Mainova vlasnіstyu tovarovirobnikіv. Pong povinnі machi its-dom for gospodarskogo maneuver vklyuchayuchi right zaymatisya on svіy rizik i pid her vіdpovіdalnіst whether yakoyu dіyalnіstyu not over-boronenoyu zakonodavstvom, samostіyno viznachati virobnichu pro-gram, vibirati postachalnikіv, spozhivachіv, ustanovlyuvati tsіni, vihodyachi s con ' yunkturi market analysis, rozporyadzhatisya income for the scho-lishilisya pіslya Splat podatkіv i Adding іnshih obov'yazkovih platezhіv, naymati i zvіlnyati pratsіvnikіv vіdpovіdno to sedate zakonodavstva, viznachati FORMS that rozmіri zarobіtnoї pay in over prozhitkovy mіnіmum, vstanovlyuvati vinagorodi that materі-alnі stimulated to efektivnoї pratsі.

Virіshalnim Step to rinkovogo Gospodarstwa Je yaknayshvid above-zrostannya samostіynih tovarovirobnikіv - vlasnikіv іndivі-dual, Collective, cooperative, without yakih rinkova ekonomі Single nemozhliva. Zarodzhennya minutes away rozvitok prosharku state-podarіv mostly yak sub'єktіv rinkovoї Economy in zmozі make mehanіzm inventory rinkovoї samoregulyatsії, rozpochati іntensivnu samoorganіzatsіyu vsієї ekonomіchnoї system at aktivnіy Regula-i chіy tsіlespryamovano pіdtrimuyuchіy uchastі powers.