home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 4. Osoblivostі transition to rinkovih vіdnosin in agricultural sektorі Ukraine

Agrarian sector posіdaє vazhlive Location ekonomіtsі in Ukraine. Vid yogo rozvitku deposits more normal funktsіonuvannya vsogo Gospa States-th Zhittya Kraina.

Especially characteristic is the Spetsifіchnimi risami Suchasnyj th will Promyslova agro-complex of Ukraine Je takі: vzaєmo-pov'yazany APK yak tsіle tіlki formuєtsya; perevazhnu chastku Var-tostі in agribusiness stvoryuє sіlske Gospodarstwa, oskіlki vono slit Vista paє digit mіroyu nerozchlenovanim on skladovі without vіdokremlennya

viroblennya sіlgospproduktsії in chіtku okremu Galuzo complex; ar-rarnu sphere, yak i entire national Gospodarstwa, ohopila gliboka Ekon-mіchna crisis in rezultatі chogo potentsіal sіlskogo Gospodarstwa i AIC in tsіlomu vikoristovuєtsya on tretinu; Chastina gorodnіh-valued crops on viroschuєtsya dіlyankah, vidіlenih mіskim residents SSMSC vimushenі zaymatisya unproductive Prace, vizhiti dwellers in mind-wah masovogo prihovanogo bezrobіttya (vimushenі bezoplatnі vіdpustki, neviplata zarobіtnoї pay, prostoї of companies derzhavnoї vlasnostі toscho); povіlny, descho chaotically, without chіtkoї vmotivovanoї prog perehіd od command admіnіstrativnoї system before rinkovih vіdno-syn in protsesі nevpinnih polіtichnih superechok.

In suchasnіy situatsії scho viznachaє ekonomіchny mill Ukraine, Dru-goryadnih іsnuє no problems. However, without perebіlshennya mozhna ska ZATI, scho yak nayvazhlivіshoyu Sered them for the value, so i for warehouse nіstyu vikonannya Je situatsіya scho sklalasya in prodovolchomu sektorі Economy that Navkolo Demba. Virіshiti tse zavdannya mozhna deprivation in kompleksі, spirayuchis to radically reformuvannya APK, ne-redusіm land reform.

Ekonomichna reform in sіlskomu gospodarstvі peredbachaє vor muvannya bagatoukladnoї Economy Shlyakhov rozvitku rіznih forms vlasnostі that organіzatsії gospodaryuvannya, utvorennya povnotsіnnih sub'єktіv rinkovih vіdnosin. Law of Ukraine "pro forma vlasnostі on the ground" Reigning peredbachaє, Collective th Private FORMS tsієї vlasnostі. When tsomu novі ekonomіchnі form, for yakih іsnuvannya vizrіli ob'єktivnі minds toil vinikati yak at Nadra Old

forms of order so i z them.

Tіsny phone reception sіlskogo Gospodarstwa іz spetsifіchnim bases-it zasobom virobnitstva - uskladnyuє land reform. Pong toil provoditisya Pevnyi Etap, not dwellers zruynuvati virob-nitstvo, nasampered harchuvannya people.

In Persha etapі in kolgospah i radgospah Venue of glibokih peretvoren sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї structuring zdіysnyuєtsya OS-novі wide vikoristannya pіdryadu, Orenda, aktsіonernih cooperative-porate that sіmeyno-іndivіdualnih forms zaprovadzhennya Kolek-tively-payovih abo payovih sposobіv bezposerednogo privlasnen-nya zasobіv that rezultatіv virobnitstva. Sutnіst ostannіh polyagaє in fact scho zemelnі ugіddya th osnovnі virobnichі pho NIDs umovno rozpo-dіlyayutsya mіzh members of labor collectives (s urahuvannyam labor-Vågå vnesku) in formі paїv on SSMSC narahovuєtsya Chastina is gained th pributku scho pіdvischuє zaіnteresovanіst villagers in kіntsevih D -zultatah pratsі. On osnovі such forms kolgospi i radgospi re-tvorenі in kolektivnі sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva. When tsomu power bagato dіyalnostі їh, peretvorennya chlenіv such Gospodarstwa on real vlasnikіv that іn. potrebuyut vregulyuvannya.

Kolektivnі sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva іsnuyut of order s іnshimi forms organіzatsії sіlskogo virobnitstva: sіmeynі odds-mi, selyanskі (fermerskі) Gospodarstwa, samostіynі cooperatives osobistі pіdsobnі virobnitstva toscho. In Zakonі Ukraine "About Vlas-nіst" pіdkreslyuєtsya scho OAO All FORMS vlasnostі Je rіvnopravnimi and power stvoryuє odnakovі minds for їh rozvitku ta Zahist. I-Mate rіalna morally pіdtrimka potrіbna vsіm sub'єktam Ruler-vannya in agricultural sektorі Economy: Reigning i, i Collective, i Selyanske (fermerskim) pіdpriєmstvam.

Naprikіntsі 1994 p. s of acceptance "Pro come in schodo nevіdkladnі priskorennya zemelnoї reforms have sferі sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva" Decree of the President of Ukraine rozpochavsya Novi Etap have re-formuvannі agricultural sector. . Konstitutsії In Ukraine, the Verkhovna priynyatіy Radoyu Ukraine 28 chervnya 1996 p zaznacheno: "Basic Land Je natsіonalnim bagatstvom, scho pid Especially receptionists is staying power." Peretvorennya on selі Pocha nabuvati bіlsh tsіlespryamovanogo to rinkovih vіdnosin nature.

Novi Etap Agrarian reform peredbachaє scho kolgospno-glad-gospnі zemlі peredayutsya powers in Collective vlasnіst їh MEMBER nіv. Dali Leather Collective member sіlskogo Gospodarstwa Autry-muє sertifіkat the right vlasnostі chastku on the land (share) іz for value rozmіru її in umovnih (cadastral) hectares, and have takozh vartіsnomu virazhennі. Mother Earth is guilty tsіnove virazhennya.

Stvorennya Selyanske (fermerskih) Gospodarstwa Mauger zdіy-snyuvatis members kolishnіh kolgospіv i radgospіv through viluchen-nya them svoїh paїv. On poperednomu Well etapі digit Chastain the-stranded Bulo transferred іz kolgospno-radgospnih masivіv Selyanske (fermerskim) Gospodarstwa, zasnovniki not yakih boule members Tsikh kolektivіv oderzhuvali dіlyanki abo scho nabagato perevischuva-whether їh land chastku spіlnih in an array. Schodo pratsіvnikіv sotsіal-noї sphere of the village, the stench of shaping can win a real ground for NKVD tіlki pіdsobnih Gospodarstwa.

Over the minds sertifіkatsії land paїv їh mozhna uspadkovuvati, daruvati, prodavatsya, zdavati in Orenda without contour viluchennya zemlі, tobto Mauger Buti zmіna їhnіh vlasnikіv not whether yakih ground-mіrnih robіt scho Duzhe vazhlivo for zabezpechennya tsіlіsnostі that non-porushnostі Sistemi zemlerobstva i sіvozmіn Gospodarstwa. Tse podіb-but before the yak kupіvlya sales aktsіy not generally produces to whether yakih fіzichnih i materіalnih Change log on pіdpriєmstvі - aktsіonernomu tovaristvі. Osoblivіstyu privatizatsії in agribusiness Je fate sіlskih gospodarnikіv in aktsіonuvannі pererobnih of companies, Yakima stink postavlyayut sirovinu.

Vazhlivim Je vikoristannya svіtovogo dosvіdu. In kraїnah s Rozwi-nenoyu sotsіalne orієntovanoyu ekonomіkoyu Leather pіdpriєmets vіd-

shukuє his nіshu gospodarskoї dіyalnostі, yak b vpisuvalas away from zagalny BIZNES. In Suchasnyj minds formuvannya APK for alternative segments dіyalnostі sіlskogospodarskih Collective of companies mozhut takі Buti, scho dopovnyuyut mainly virobnits-GUT, yak sklalosyav them ranіshe: pererobka sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії, materіalno-tehnіchne postachannya, realіzatsіya produktsії, virobnitstvo budіvelnih materіalіv toscho. Podіbna system organі-zatsії main virobnitstva i dopomіzhnih virobnitstv have to chislі through spetsіalіzatsіyu i kooperuvannya in sistemі APK, collective of yak-them, so i fermerskih Gospodarstwa, bezumovno, usuvaє bagato sous-peppermint, scho vinikayut mіzh okremimi sub'єktami in agricultural sektorі Economy. When tsomu rinkova ekonomіka rozkrivaє Shih rokі mozhlivostі for rozvitku pіdpriєmnitstva. However, it had not Bulo-pravomіrnim zvoditi Yogo and small that serednogo bіznesu. Up-tsіlno vikoristovuvati kolektivnі sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєm-tion, Nada їm mozhlivіst reformuvatisya in the minds democratic-noї rinkovoї Economy at shirokіy gospodarskіy avtonomії that nalezhnih competitive mehanіzmah mіzh rіznimi ekonomіchnimi order.

Vazhlive values ​​for pіdpriєmtsya toil mozhlivіst samostіy-but vibirati spetsіalіzatsіyu (s urahuvannyam minds Gospodarstwa), visa-Launched prospect th ekonomіchno efektivnosti structure posіvnih Area that virobnitstva in tsіlomu, vklyuchayuchi rozvitok pіdsobnih pid-priєmstv i obslugovuyuchih tsehіv and takozh right rozporyadzhatisya vigotovlenim product freedom Vibor partner dogovіrnih mutually-єmovіdnosin іz sub'єktami market analysis, vіlny vibіr forms organіzatsії i Pay pratsі. Without tsogo ni privacy ni Collective vlasnіst not Zroby villager povnotsіnnim hospodar. Practice rozvinutih kraїn (Yaponії, USA, Frantsії, Nіmechchini) svіdchit scho uspіh in gospodarskіy dіyalnostі zabezpechuє not form vlasnostі and pіdpri-єmets, yakogo sponukaє to yakіsnoї pratsі competitor.

Main Flow zavdannyam Agrarian polіtiki ninі Je Dhu-pinene negatively protsesіv at tsomu sektorі Economy is the behind-the-bezpechennya minds for naroschuvannya virobnitstva sirovini i pro-dovolchih resursіv. In zv'yazku s CIM on Suchasnyj etapі held-nya Agrarian reform Especially potrіbne Naukova, legal, Meto-sures, fіnansove, іnformatsіyne materіalno-i-nya tehnіchne zabezpechen її. In tsomu zaporuka of Success reforms oskіlki Alternatives їy Absent, Won Got zdіysnyuvatis in іnteresah villagers themselves mudflow i-us.

Schodo sale of land in dіlyanok kraїnі in tsіlomu, vklyuchayuchi Mista, Villages toscho, the sales їh zdіysnyuєtsya pіdpriєmtsyam scho zaymayutsya nesіlskogospodarskoyu dіyalnіstyu (pid budіvlі, scope obslugovuvannya toscho).