Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 3. Rozrobka L. Walras teorії zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї rіvnovagi

Formuvannya neoklasichnoї teorії completed rozrobkoyu SIS those zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї rіvnovagi that її ically mathematical іnterpre-tatsієyu, zdіysnenoyu shveytsarskim ekonomіstom L. Walras (1834- 1910). Tsya teorіya aktsentuє uwagi on nayavnostі shirokoї that skladnoї Sistemi vzaєmozv'yazkіv in suchasnіy ekonomіtsі. Vaughn kontrastuє іz sprobami W. Jevons that teoretikіv Avstrіyskoї school Know simple reason zalezhnіst mіzh boundary korisnіstyu that tsіnami spozhivchih i virobnichih benefits. Krіm of teorіya kontrastuє i s part-kovo-rіvnovazhnim analіzom A. Marshall, yaky іgnoruvav vzaєmo-zv'yazki vsієї ekonomіchnoї system fokusuyuchis on spetsifіtsі approx Remigio fіrm that rinkіv.

The I Hoca poperedniki L. Walras (F. Ken, A. Cournot) rozumіli scho ekonomіka skladaєtsya s bagatoh vzaєmopov'yazanih Chastain i scho for virіshennya yakihos problems pevnoї Chastain ekonomіchnoї systems E neobhіdno proanalіzuvati entire system that її vzaєmozv'yazki, pro- those stench abo not Ziman ically mathematical іnterpretatsієyu mіkroeko-nomіchnih vіdnosin (Ken), abo vvazhali problem ekonomіchnoї rіv-Novy nedosyazhnoyu for ically mathematical analіzu (Cournot).

L. Walras ovolodіv problem; peredbachenoyu yogo poperedni kami, i prodemonstruvav, scho tsya problem virіshuєtsya, prinaymnі in printsipі.

Model zagalnoї rіvnovagi Valrasa vіdznachaєtsya nasampered breadth ohoplyuvannya ekonomіchnih protsesіv. Vіn vikoristovuvav

system models. Perehodyachi od simple to knit, Valras postupovo system includes at zagalnoї rіvnovagi novі all compo-nents: teorіyu obmіnu, teorіyu virobnitstva, teorіyu kapіtalіzatsії.

Ically mathematical іnterpretatsіya Sistemi zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї rіv-Novy Valrasa pokazuє scho OAO All zmіnnі quantities system pov'yazanі vіdnosinami funktsіonalnoї zalezhnostі, to їh values ​​povinnі vstanovlenі odnochasno Buti, Buti povinnі tobto simultaneously arise and shine forth, novlenі OAO All tsіni rіvnovagi i vіdpovіdnі їm urіvnovazhenі kіlkostі virobnichih poslug i Ready produktіv.

Bіlshіst ekonomіstіv vvazhayut scho teorіya ekonomіchnoї rіvnova-gi L. Walras doskonala for svoєyu ically mathematical form, Je-up Sit obmezhenoyu for zmіstom. Valras not zdіysniv statis-wide-particle doslіdzhennya, neobhіdnogo zabezpechennya for specific skin rіshen s rіvnyan system. In dіysnostі here іsnuyut velikі problems in spetsifіkatsії vіdpovіdnih rіvnyan termіnami exactly that in such a great zborі danih ob'єmu.

Mozhna zaznachiti th those scho system Valrasa Got yaskravo Veera tions static character: the mill on rіvnovagi vsіh Rink, obum-tions danimi perevagami spozhivachіv, danoyu kіlkіstyu virobni-chih i resursіv fіksovanimi virobnichimi koefіtsієntami, stand-lyuєtsya on Pevnyi moment.

J.. Hіks, winner Nobelіvskoї premії, vіdmіchaє scho Walras "not pіdіyshov to zakonіv formuvannya Change log yogo Sistemi zagalnoї rіv-Novy. Vіn mіg sformulyuvati minds SSMSC torkayutsya tsіn, stand-Lenihan s urahuvannyam danih resursіv i danih perevag, ale vіn not explained scho become, if relishes chi zmіnyatsya resources. "

However nayavnіst Tsikh problems oznachaє not belittling vazhli-vostі vnesku L. Walras in rozvitok ekonomіchnoї teorії. On vіdmіnu od A. Marshall L. Walras all are prodemonstruvav zdatnіst analі zuvati-folding problem ekonomіchnu sama s Relief mathematical іnstrumentarіyu-tion. Bіlshe of vіn zumіv Show scho rіvnovaga domogospodarstv i rinkіv spozhivchih tovarіv uzgodzhuєtsya s rіvno-vagoyu fіrm i rinkіv faktorіv virobnitstva. Podalshі Poshuk eco-nomіchno zmіstovnogo virіshennya tsієї problemi prizveli to them seryoz-positive innovation in methods ekonomіchnogo analіzu.

Becoming i rozvitok another klasichnogo will, i yak Perche, in rіznih kraїnah vіdznachalisya natsіonalnoyu spetsifіkoyu i-vіdbiva whether її. In Ukraїnі tsya spetsifіka viyavilas in fact scho on au-Perche, valve-toxic-mill was going descho pіznіshe porіvnyano іz Zahіdnoyu Єvropoyu. Otherwise, i Marginalism neoklasichny eg in ekonomіchnіy teorії boule less then poshirenі. Tak Becoming suprovodzhuvalosya bіlsh GOSTR protiborstvom s іnshimi teorіyami (Especially іstorichnoї Marxism is the school). In tretє, Poshuk consensus Sered ekonomі-stіv viyavivsya in origіnalnih sprobah poєdnannya teorіy trudovoї vartostі that granichnoї korisnostі, granichnoї produktivnostі facto rіv virobnitstva-J. B. Clark i M. I. Tugan-Baranovskogo, and ta-leather viniknennі such spetsifіchnogo yavischa, yak "legally mark-CISM" *.

Sered of Ukrainian ekonomіstіv - predstavnikіv marzhinalіz th - vidіlyayutsya, okrіm Je Je Slutskogo, professor Kiїvskogo unіversitetu D. I. Pіhno (1853-1913), OD Bіlіmovich (1876-1963), professor Novorosіyskogo unіversitetu RM Orzhentsky (1863- 1923). Pong boule deprivation is not good znayomі s ekonomіko-ically mathematical mi Praca zahіdnih vchenih and second samі zdіysnili origіnalnі doslі-Jen, SSMSC celebrated digit vpliv on rozvitok svіtovoї Ekon-mіchnoї pillows XX century.