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Фінанси (загальна теорія) - Опарін В.М.

1.2. Model fіnansovіh відносин у суспільстві

Розподіл і перерозподіл ВВП може здійснювасьсь за різними Diagrams, згідно з якими будуюсьі моделі фінансових відносин у суспільстві. In the fundamentals of the incentives of the financial model of the estate to lie the role of the world in the world. Models for a dwarf by signs:

A) for the postpaidness of the GDP;

B) beyond the threshold of central government GDP.

For poslidovistyu rozpodilu gross national product of the two countries of the model-and-administrative and economic economy. Їх роглягляють виходячи з розподілу новоствореної витості - національного доходу, домінучими складовми якого є заробітна плата і прибуток. Він є the main and obovvyazkovym об'єктом розподілу. The main thing behind the pitova vagoi і znachuschіstyu. Obovyazykovym, oskilki can not be erectile - inactivate the process of creating vibrobitvita.

The financial model of the economy of the economy - the basic, won the meaningful Історичний шлях розвитку і домінує у світі. Sutnist її arrogantly simple and logistic: Spotchatka vartit realizatsionnogo natsionalnogo income rozpodіlyaetsya mіzh timi, hto zanyaty y yogo shtverenni. Tse vlasyniki zasobiv vibrobitvtva, kotrі otrimuyut pributok, і robіniki ta sluzhbytsі, yakim viplachuyutsya zarobitna fee. In the case of a perverse vigilancy, the model can be shown on the schematics 4 - the shaded part of the display shows the obedience of the zabotnichnyi plati okremiks robitnikiv i izlubovtsiv (a, b) that pribudku pidpriemtziv (A, B).

Typical of the model of the model is the fact that the state otrimuєo its come to the forehead on the basis of pererozpodilu natsionalnogo income.

Model є відкритою, зрозумілою і exactly characterize фінансові реалії у суспільстві:

On-перше, у ній exactly відображається рівень доходів кожної юридичноїі and фізичночної individuals, yak, with his own chergo, characterizing his contribution to the national income line;

Scheme 4

The Financial Model of the Rink Economy

In a different way, do it properly, riven oopototkuvannya: kozhny sub'єkt exactly znaє, skilki vіn zabroblyаі і skіlki vіddaє;

On-tretє, chitko zafiksovano stimulo zrostaniya income on the basis of zrostanna virobnitskva і підвищення продуктивності праці.

Proportion of the first generation of national income to the income of people and workers and those servicemen are regulated:

• Rinkovymi vіdnosinami;
• From the legislative order.

Rinkovі vіdnіnіsі сінiють set the optimum proportions of the mіz zabobitnoyu platoyu і pributkom. W. one side, the skin sub-factor of interrogations in zbilshennі svoeї parts. However, in the end, - і pevnі об'єктивні обмеження, які to lead up to that, пo кожний sub'єкт заннтресований у the income of the other. So, for підприємців украй необхідним є the high рівень of the income of the population, the incidence of the sale, the sale, and, therefore, the safe-keeping of the form of the affluence. Robotniki і servicemen zainteresovani in pributku pіdpriєmstva, tom shоо він створює передумови для розвитку виробництва, and відтак і зростання заробітної плати. When I transfer the parcel in the national income, in the hourly suits, the loan is charged, then the yak of the oath to the surplus is minimized by the needs of the vibro-bricks rozvitka.

Legislative regulation of the field in the established mіnіmalnogo рівня payment of the pre-eminent maximum рівня of the profitability on the basis of the economical leasing of technological tools, on the basis of the tax on supplements.

Proportion of pererozpodіlu natsionalnogo income to regulate tilki legislative acts.

The essence of the finance model of the administrative and economical economy, the yak was docked in the colossal SRS of the social and political areas, in which the part of the national income was transferred centrally to the budget, and it was excluded from the rozpodilnykh invoices. The power spun into the budget of centralization of cleanings of pre-payments - a payment for turnover and a part of decentralized net income - a surplus of receipts (through the system of payments to the surplus). Partial pribudku (up to 40%) was lapped on pidpriemstvі, інша part of the national income viplachuluvala robotnikam і zablubovtsyam viglyadі zabobitnogo plati, yaka pіdlyagala pributkovomu obodotkatvannu. The model of administrative and economics can be submitted to such a visa.

Scheme 5

Фінансова модель адміністративної економіки

Typical of the model of the model is that in order to transfer part of its earnings, the state will be taken back in the process of the initial distribution of national income.

Model є закритою і not відображає фінансових реалій у суспільстві:

In a nutshell, you can not see the real income of legal and financial accounts;

In a different way, get legal and financial news not to contribute to the balance of national income;

On-trete, nemozhilno dostovirno viznachiti riven oopototkuvannya;

On-the-fourth, the incentive to productive work.

Proportion of the first bank of the national income is adjusted by the state for the admonition of administrative methods. The rerun of the pay-as-you-go was regulated through the established tariff plans and the salary. On the basis of the planned pricelist, the central authorities were cleared of the power (supply of goods) and installed a rush of goods.

Звісна річ, виділення зазначених моделей пвною мірою має умовний nature. In the model of the economy of the economy, the elements of the state are present in the primary rozpodil for the sake of indirect taxation. The model of administrative economics, in its own worm, included elements of the redistribution. Відмінність однієї моделі від другомї полягає in the різних пропорціях. In the model of the economy of the economy, the fate of the country is overpassed in GDP, and in the model of the administrative economy - vtruchaniya yogo first-born rospodil.

Behind the cornerstone of central government GDP within the framework of the finance model of the economy of economy, one can imagine three basic models: American, Zahidnoevropeysku and Scandinavian.

American model, yak is based on the maximum amount of self-disinfection of financial and self-financing of legal entities, characterized by a small amount of budgetary centralization "25-30%. Фінансове втручання в економіку зведене до мінімуму. In the social sphere, the villages of the population are not protected, but they do not need to be without a state support.

The model stvojorє maximal fіnansovuu stimuljacііy: з one side, won yesє mozhnivіst zabrobyati, з іnshogo - vimagaє цього. Tse dzhozhsta i jorostoka model, ale water, and viksokoefektivna, oskilki zasnovana, on suti, on primusovіy fіnansovіy stimuljacії.

Zahidnoevropeyskaya model osoznetsya pomirkonavym rivnem tsentralizatsii GDP at the budget of 35-45%. For rahunok vyshogo rivnya tsentralizatsii gdolli bіlsh rozgaluzheniyu є і sovіvna sotsіialna sphere, насамперед у галузі освіти. The essence of the model is to be developed before the parallel function of the state and commercial institutions in the social sphere.

Scandinavian model perebachaet to finish the high riven budgetary centralization GDP - 50-60%. Vidpovidno vona characterized by rozgaluzheniyu sovnivoyu sotsіnoyuyu sphere yak galuzi osvіti, so і zharoni zdorovya. Vona stvoiou klіmat ucivenistі s sotsіalnoї vrіnovnavenostі. However, such a model can be admired for the minds, in the first place, of the high river of GNP per capita, such as a high river, a suspended one, and a community holiday, and, in a different way, a high-rise region of culture that meets people, The secular sector.

Вибір моделі фінансових відносин залижить від багатьох чинників. The purpose of the development of the state of affairs, of the nature of the scale of the economy, of the economy, of the economy, the character of the international doctrine of the doctrine, the goal of the traditional people, the ripening of the culture of the forest. The main criterions of viboru - vplyv on suspilstvo through established incentives to the effective effective state darling and protection of the system of social guarantees.