Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 3. Teorіya ratsіonalnih spodіvan - Radical varіant "neoklasichnoї revolyutsії"

Vazhlivu warehouses Chastain neoklasichnogo directly becoming teorіya ratsіonalnih spodіvan (TRS). In lіteraturі won takozh Got titles teorії makroratsіonalnih spodіvan (F. Modіlyanі) novoї klasychnoji school ( "novoklasiki") vіdgaluzhennya monetarism s ra-tsіonalnimi spodіvannyami (J. Tobіn.), School of R. Lucas T. Sar-Genta - N. Wallace (K. Hoover) that іn. OAO All titles so chi іnakshe vіdbivayut rіznі RISS teorії - od її provіdnogo personal warehouse to gіpotezi about ratsіonalny character spodіvan agentіv gentlemen ryuvannya.

Ponyattya "ratsіonalnі spodіvannya" Vpershe zaproponuvav Amer J. kansky ekonomіst. Mut slit in 1961. p. However, values ​​for yogo teorії stabіlіzatsіynoї polіtiki z'yasovano Bulo deprivation through desyatilіt-cha, pіslya vihodu in Svit stattі R. Lucas "Spodіvannya i neytralnіst pennies" (1972). In nіy Vpershe boule vikladenі provisions of the TPC. Over-the cause will appear galnі TPC samі Ti, scho th in vipadku іnshih Suchasnyj teorіy neoklasichnogo directly. Prote іsnuvala i vazhliva spetsifіch-on reason and the Same - bezposerednya reaktsіya on "nedostatnyu for-kalnіst" monetarism. As part modelі Frіdmena - Phelps Gros Sova i fіskalna polіtika not impose on vplivu dovgotermіnovy rіvnovagovy rіven bezrobіttya abo real virobnitstva, ale Mauger mother korotkotermіnovy efekt. Such a model vihodit s of scho Yakscho podіbny efekt dіysno іsnuє, do not slіd іgnoruvati yogo role korotkotermіnovih stabіlіzatsіynih zahodіv. Stverdzhuєtsya scho dovgochasna rіvnovaga in real gospodarstvі nіkoli not dosyagaєt Xia i scho mi OAO All zavzhdi live in svіtі korotkotermіnovih protsesіv.

Predstavniki TPC pіddayut krititsі Taqiy pіdhіd, vistupayut for "purity" klasychnoji teorії against pevnoї neposlіdovnostі Frіd M. Mena i yogo prihilnikіv, їh actions postkeynsіantsyam in viglyadі viznannya mozhlivostey korotkotermіnovogo vplivu Uriadovy Zakho-dіv the camp virobnitstva i zaynyatostі. W tsієyu metoyu theorists "but-voklasiki" zaproponuvali zamіst teorії on adaptive spodіvan M. Frіdmena teorіyu ratsіonalnih spodіvan.

In the framework modelі Frіdmena - Phelps Uryadov Mauger deprivation kontrolyuvati bezrobіttya todі, if the pace potochnoї іnflyatsії vіdhilyaєtsya od spodіvanogo pace. When umovі ratsіonalnostі spodіvan podіbnі vіd-

hilennya not mozhut viniknuti, krіm vipadkіv, if organic Vladi primudryayutsya Yakima rank zdіysnyuvati tsіlkom neperedbachu penny-wang (abo in furrows keynsіanskih traditsіy - fіskalnu) polіtiku. Tom TPC rozglyadaєtsya yak alternative mozhlivomu monetaristsko-postkeynsіanskomu synthesis, yak varіant vіdnovlennya neoklasichnih printsipіv on novіy osnovі, peeled od whether yakih Reigning natyakіv on vtruchannya - navіt in vuzkih furrows monetaristskih antiіnflyatsіynih zahodіv abo podatkovoї polіtiki in dusі "Economy Offers".

W one side, іsnuє tіsny genetichny phone reception TPC s coin-ism. Yogo viznayut i samі predstavniki TPC. Digit Chastina vіdomih predstavnikіv іnshih napryamіv ekonomіchnoї teorії (J. That bіn, F. Khan, N. Kaldor) vzagalі vvazhayut TPC vіdgaluzhennyam of co-tarizmu, zgіdno s Yakima groshі neytralnі yak in dovgotermіnovomu, so i in korotkotermіnovomu perіodі. Prote, s other side, TRS series Got Especially, SSMSC obumovlyuyut її are yak varіanta "neoklasichnoї

revolyutsії ".

The basis of the TPC pokladenі three fundamentalnі peredumovi:

1) ratsіonalny character formuvannya spodіvan gospodarskih agentіv, zgіdno s Yakima ostannі efektivnosti i tsіlespryamovano Vico ristovuyut usyu nayavnu іnformatsіyu for prognozuvannya maybut Demba-rozvitku kon'yunkturi i gruntuyut on Tsikh spodіvannyah svoї rіshennya;

2) gnuchkіst rates zarobіtnoї pay i tsіn and takozh Shvidky (prac-cal mittєve) їh pristosuvannya to Change log popitu i Offers;

3) Visokiy stupіn konkurentnostі rinkіv (i tovarіv ekonomіchnih resursіv) i їh zdatnіst Shvydko that povnіstyu "rozchischatisya" od on-lishkіv in rezultatі chogo for the system is characterized by the camp postіynoї rіvnovagi (VM Usoskіn, L. Harrіs, KR McConnell, Brue SL).

Zvіdsi robitsya visnovok: TRS - bіlsh radical attack on the standard (tobto traditsіyny keynsіansko-neoklasichny syn tez.- Ed.) Makroekonomіchnu teorіyu, nіzh monetarism (R. Dorn-Busch, S. Fіsher).

Predstavniki TPC stverdzhuyut scho poperednі kontseptsії (in fact i chislі ortodoksalnі monetaristskі) toil peredumovoyu systems matichny "obmіn" gospodaryuyuchih agentіv and Ba-tse superechit you ratsіonalnoї povedіnki in rinkovіy sistemі. Ekonomіchny іndi-od not deprivation Passive pristosovuєtsya dosvіdu to have passed, and the first ac-tively vikoristovuє velichezny obsyag nayavnoї potochnoї Informácie, nasampered forecasting vіdnosno Uriadovy zahodіv for bіlsh accurate peredbachennya the following tendentsіy gospodarskogo rozvitku. On-Saying to different, vіn dіє yak doskonaly komp'yuter. In the minds form-vannya spodіvan uchasnikіv gospodarskogo processes to "ratsіonal-nіy" osnovі uryadovі come in, spryamovanі to "deception" of the population, zokrema rozrahunok on nespodіvane priskorennya іnflyatsії not mozhut Mother of Success. Pong will be "rozshifrovanі" i viperedzhenі vіdpovіd-but dіyami gospodarskih sub'єktіv.

Visnovok predstavnikіv TPC polyagaє in fact scho penny-credit-ditna i fіskalna polіtika neefektivna not deprivation in dovgotermіno-vomu, Ive korotkotermіnovomu perіodі. Pong vvazhayut scho dis-specific stabіlіzatsіyna polіtika skorіshe posilyuє, nіzh pom'yakshuє tsiklіchnі Oscillations (viniknennya ostannіh pripisuєtsya "nedoskona-lіy Informácie"). In zv'yazku s CIM Won guilty Buti Usuns korist on the principle of "rule polіtiki" tobto on korist dotrimannya rules monetarnoї polіtiki. Yak obedient zauvazhuє L. Harrіs, tse's position Got davnі traditsії in monetaristsky dumtsі, hoch to 70 rokіv for yogo obgruntuvannya not zastosovuvalas scheme ratsіonal-spodіvan them.

1 HEAD rate pribіchniki roblyat TPC at Renaissance vіri in mozhlivostі i efektivnіst ratsіonalnoї povedіnki gospodarskih sub'єktіv on osnovі ratsіonalnih spodіvan.

However, Cheema vchenih pіddayut TPC gostrіy krititsі. Vaughn ZVO-ditsya to kіlkoh mainly zaperechen.

According au-Perche, sumnіvna peredumova TPC about those scho gospodarskі agents obіznanі іz good way funktsіonuvannya Economy i maybutnіmi results ekonomіchnoї polіtiki powers.

Alternatively, іsnuyut vіdmіnnostі in nayavnіy Informácie Uriadovy organіv i gospodarskih agentіv. Ekonomichna polіtika Uryadov Mauger spriyati viniknennyu vіdmіnnostey mіzh factuality i spodіvanim rate іnflyatsії navіt in vipadkah systematic zv'yazku її (polі-tics) s poperednіmi podіyami, Aje rozumіnnya Tsikh podіy i Vlasnyi rіshen Uriadovy authorities vіdrіznyaєtsya od analogіchnih uyavlen gospodarskih sub'єktіv. .

In tretє, navіt at umovі rіvnomіrnogo rozpodіlu vsієї іnfor-matsії Absent pіdstav for obgruntovanih tverdzhen about ratsі Onal-nіst spodіvan. Pong shaping can formuvatisya yak adaptivnі.

In the fourth, nerealіstichne assumptions about Visokiy stupіn konkurentnostі vsіh rinkіv i mittєve (abo Hoch bi Shvidky) Priest-Suwanee їh to zmіni rinkovih minds. Tsіni i bet zarobіtnoї pay negnuchkі.

In p'yate, vihodyachi s nerealіstichnogo stewed about Shvidky i Povny pristosuvannya rinkіv, TRS is not Mauger perekonlivo poyasniti Reason іsnuvannya zagalnih ekonomіchnih crisis i Visoko rіvnіv bezrobіttya.

In Shostya, on protivagu tverdzhennyam prihilnikіv TPC іsnuє dostatno svіdchen about real vpliv aktivnoї derzhavnoї Ekon-mіchnoї polіtiki on rіven virobnitstva i zaynyatostі. Kіntsevі otsіnki TPC neodnoznachnі. W one side, stverdzhuєtsya, scho in ninіshnіy

time perevazhna bіlshіst ekonomіstіv not zgodna s TPC. Zver-taєtsya takozh uwagi on malies practicality efekt TPC. W other side, pіdkreslyuєtsya Naukova values ​​i s Pevnyi zasterezhennya-E, TPC perspektivnіst. Author vіdomogo pіdruchnika "Makroeko-nomіks" Prof. R. Dornbusch that S. Fіsher write:. "Mauger mother Location revolyutsіya ratsіonalnih spodіvan Prote Yakscho navіt Won dosyagne uspіhіv, the Buda bagato in chomu spiratit on іsnuyuchu struc-ture of I makroekonomіchnoї teorії navіt Yakscho. Won radically pereformuє makroekonomіchnu teorіyu, then all the same to prizvede seryoznih Change log in rozumіnnі formuvannya spodіvan i Process eco-nomіchnoї polіtiki. On dodatok Won Dusty poshtovh novіy robotі in the Branch mіkroosnov, zarobіtnoї pay i viznachennya tsіn ". Vіdnosno vіdsutnostі teperіshnogo zagalnogo viznannya dorechnostі TPC pro-fesori R. McConnell i S. Bru zasterіgayut scho novі іdeї, SSMSC spo-Kamchatka zdayutsya nerealіstichnimi i revolyutsіynimi, toil zdatnіst stati i h hour pravdopodіbnimi zagalnopriynyatimi. Otzhe, Ost-accurate otsіnka TPC zalishaєtsya vіdkritoyu, zroblena rate Plin hour.