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Bankіvskі operatsії - Frost AM

2.3. FORMUVANNYA deposit RESURSІV

Bіlsha Chastina resursіv komertsіynogo bank formuєtsya for rakhunok zaluchenih that pozichenih koshtіv instead Vlasnyi. Mozhlivostі komertsіynih bankіv in zaluchennі koshtіv regulyuyutsya NBU. So, zgіdno s pokaznikom platospromozhnostі Bank (adekvatnostі kapіtalu), normative values ​​yakogo vstanovlyuє NBU zaluchenі that Costa pozichenі not povinnі perevischuvati rozmіr Vlasnyi kapіtalu bіlshe nіzh in 12 razіv.

Banks zaluchayut vіlnі groshovі Costa Yurydychna that fіzichnih osіb through vikonannya deposit operatsіy, s yakih Relief vikoristovuyut rіznі Vidi bankіvskih rahunkіv.

About dinamіku deposit resursіv komertsіynih bankіv svіdchat danі Table. 2.2.

table 2.2

COSTA TO RAHUNKAH of companies, ORGANІZATSІY TA population in the KOMERTSІYNIH UKRAINY BANKS FOR 1992-2000 pp. (On kіnets rock)

* During the camp on 1.07.2001 p.

Yak seen tablitsі h, h 1995 to 2000 r, tobto in perіod vіdnosno pomіrnih tempіv іnflyatsії, depozitnі zobov'yazannya bankіv zbіlshilisya at 4.2 times, in fact chislі deposits from the public -. 10.7 times. Especially vіdchutne stabіlne zrostannya bankіvskih depozitіv sposterіgaєtsya pіslya Introduction to obіg grivnі (z 1996 r.). W tsogo rock serednorіchny prirіst koshtіv of companies, is the population in organіzatsіy komertsіynih bank becomes 84%, and vkladіv population - 214%.

Deposit (deposit) - tse groshovі in Costa natsіonalnіy that іnozemnіy valyutі, peredanі їh vlasnikom abo іnshoyu owes a special debt for yogo abo doruchennyam in gotіvkovіy bezgotіvkovіy formі on rakhunok vlasnika for zberіgannya on Pevnyi minds. Operatsії, pov'yazanі s zaluchennyam penny koshtіv on contributions nazivayutsya deposit.

Practical usі klієntskі rahunki Je deposit. Deposit Mauger Buti whether yaky vіdkrity klієntu in bank rakhunok on Money Does zberіgayutsya yogo groshovі Costa. The shape of the vikoristannya rahunkіv stink podіlyayutsya on: deposits (deposits) to zapitannya; termіnovі, abo strokovі deposits; umovnі deposits.

Deposits (deposits) to zapitannya rozmіschuyutsya in jar on rozrahunkovomu abo inline rahunku klієnta. Pong vikoristovuyutsya for zdіysnennya precisely rozrahunkіv vlasnika rahunku s yogo partners. On vimogu klієnta Costa s stream rahunku to whether yaky hour mozhut viluchatisya through vidachu gotіvki, vikonannya platіzhnogo doruchennya, SPLAT chekіv abo Bills. Prior to vkladіv zapitannya prirіvnyuyutsya vneski s poperednіm povі- ness bank about Namir znyati groshі s rahunku (for minds, scho termіn Notification perevischuє not one mіsyatsya).

Contribution to zapitannya Je nestabіlnimi scho obmezhuє mozhlivіst їh vikoristannya bank for pozichkovih that іnvestitsіynih operatsіy. Tom vlasnikam precisely rahunkіv splachuєtsya nizky deposit interest abo not splachuєtsya zovsіm. In the minds vіdsutnostі (yak usually) pay for deposits zapitannya banks namagayutsya zaluchiti klієntіv i stimulyuvati prirіst precisely vneskіv for rakhunok nadannya їm dodatkovih poslug that pіdvischennya of Quality obslugovuvannya. Tse zokrema, kredituvannya s stream rahunku, pіlgi vkladnikam in oderzhannі loan vikoristannya zruchnih for klієnta forms rozrahunkіv: zastosuvannya Credit kartok, chekіv, rozrahunkovo ​​Advisory obslugovuvannya toscho.

For pokrittya operatsіynih vitrat, pov'yazanih s Keeping precisely rahunkіv bank styaguє s klієnta komіsіynu vinagorodu. Front fee Mauger utrimuvatisya s deposit interest. Deyakі banks do not styaguyut komіsії s interest-free for rahunkіv minds zberіgannya them stabіlnogo zalishku not nizhche vstanovlenogo rіvnya.

Prior to depozitіv zapitannya mozhna vіdnesti i kreditovі zalishki on kontokorentnih rahunkah. On tsomu rahunku vіdbivayutsya OAO All operatsії bank s klієntami, tobto vidacha pozichok i zdіysnennya platezhіv for doruchennyam klієnta and takozh nadhodzhennya viruchki od realіzatsії produktsії that іnshih penny perekazіv on korist klієnta i to repay pozichok. Saying to Іnakshe, kontokorentny rakhunok - Active-Passive rakhunok scho poєdnuє in sobі Find our pozichkovogo stream. The credit balance of kontokorentnim rahunkom oznachaє, scho Got klієnt in svoєmu rozporyadzhennі vlasnі Costa, Debit - scho at klієnta vinikla zaborgovanіst to the bank for pozichkami.

Form zaluchennya Bank vkladіv to zapitannya Je takozh Flow rakhunok s overdraft. During the regime funktsіonuvannya Tsei rakhunok podіbny to kontokorentnogo. Prote Yakscho ostannіy vіdkrivaєtsya nadіynim klієntam, kotrі actively kredituyutsya, when overdraftі TAKE pozichannya dopuskaєtsya od vipadku to vipadku, tobto Got irregular. For tsogo rahunku characteristic zalishok credit. Osobowa rakhunok Mauger s overdraft vіdkrivatisya Yurydychna i fіzichnim specific and takozh gromadyanam todі, yak rakhunok kontokorentny vikoristovuєtsya tіlki in vіdnosinah bank s Yurydychna individuals. Otzhe, Osobowa rakhunok s overdraft Got Shirshov scope zastosuvannya.

One іz vidіv depozitіv to zapitannya Je zalishok koshtіv on korespondentskih rahunkah, vіdkritih in danomu bank іnshimi banks. Dinamіka Tsikh depozitіv hovering in the Table. 2.3.

table 2.3

ZALUCHENІ Costa KOMERTSІYNIH BANKІV ON MІZHBANKІVSKOMU Rink UKRAINY

Strokovі contribution - tse Costa, scho rozmіschenі in jar on Pevnyi rows i mozhut Buti znyatimi pіslya zakіnchennya tsogo termіnu abo pіslya poperednogo Notification to bank for vstanovleny perіod (not less then one mіsyatsya). Viluchennya string vkladіv vіdbuvaєtsya perekazuvannyam pennies on the production rakhunok abo gotіvkoyu kasi s bank. Je Strokovі contribution to bankіv maintained upstream view depozitіv, oskіlki stink stabіlnі i zruchnі in bankіvskomu planuvannі. Behind them splachuєtsya Visokiy deposit interest rіven yakogo diferentsіyuєtsya fallow od termіnu, referring vnesku, perіodu Notification about viluchennya, zagalnoї dinamіki rates trumpery market analysis that іnshih minds.

Strokovі contribution Je Jerel obsession pributkіv їh vlasnikami. Pong oformlyayutsya lands mіzh vkladnikom i bank. Banks samostіyno rozroblyayut form depozitnoї land. Won in ukladaєtsya dvoh primіrnikah one s yakih zberіgaєtsya in klієnta, and the other - from the bank. In ugodі peredbachaєtsya scrip vnesku, termіn, protyagom yakogo vnesok zberіgatimetsya in bank deposit rozmіr percent obov'yazki that right i vkladnika bank vіdpovіdalnіst storіn for nedotrimannya minds depozitnoї land. Deyakі banks vstanovlyuyut mіnіmalny rozmіr string contribution, the amount of deposits yakogo od orієntatsії jar on vіdpovіdnogo vkladnika (drіbnogo, serednogo, great).

In his Cherga, Bank Statement on bere zobov'yazannya svoєchasno vikonati OAO All minds to please i vіdpovіdati for їh torn down, at scho viyavlyaєtsya vstanovlennі penі abo shtrafіv for nevchasnu vidachu koshtіv vlasnikovі deposit rahunku abo viplatu protsentіv.

Disputes scho vinikayut mіzh bank i vkladnikom, virіshuyutsya the courts order. Strokovі contribution not vikoristovuyutsya for zdіysnennya precisely platezhіv. Yakscho scrip vkladnik bazhaє zmіniti vnesku (zmenshiti zbіlshiti ABO), the vіn Mauger rozіrvati deposit sake i pereoformiti svіy string contribution to novih minds. When dostrokovomu viluchennі koshtіv s termіnovogo deposit vlasnik, yak usually pozbavlyaєtsya peredbachenih protsentіv lands. In tsomu razі percent znizhuyutsya to rіvnya, peredbachenogo for contributions to zapitannya.

Odnієyu s form of a string vkladіv Je sertifіkati.

Sertifіkati buvayut depozitnі that oschadnі. Depozitnі sertifіkati nadayutsya Yurydychna and oschadnі - fіzichnim individuals. Sertifіkati mozhna klasifіkuvati i for іnshimi acquaint themselves. For the way to Key infrastructure stink podіlyayutsya sertifіkati, one-time scho vipuskayutsya i serіyami, with the method of registration - on the one іmennі on pred'yavnika for termіnom obertannya - on the one termіnovі to zapitannya for SPLAT protsentіv minds - on sertifіkati s regularly Splat protsentіv pіslya zakіnchennya viznachenogo rozrahunkovogo perіodu i s viplatoyu їh at the maturity date sertifіkata.

Deposit sertifіkat - tse tsіnny Papir, scho Mauger vikoristovuvatisya vlasnikom yogo yak platіzhny zasіb i obertatisya on the stock market analysis. Sertifіkati toil suttєvu perevagu on string contributions, registration of the deposit agreement. Zavdyaki vtorinnomu Rinku tsіnnih paperіv sertifіkat Mauger Buti dostrokovo Prodan vlasnikom іnshіy osobі s obsession deyakogo pributku hour zberіgannya i without zmіni at tsomu obsyagu resursіv bank todі yak dostrokove viluchennya vlasnikom string contribution oznachaє for Demba vtratu pributku, and for the bank - vtratu Chastain resursіv.

Komertsіynі banks mozhut zaluchati vіlnі Costa Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb for Relief bankіvskogo bills. Bankіvsky bill deposit Got nature, i CIM vіn similar to sertifіkat. Prote on vіdmіnu od sertifіkata bankіvsky bill Mauger Buti vikoristany vlasnikom yogo yak platіzhny zasіb item is the Hotel, and Novi vlasnik Mauger send both bills yogo tretіy osobі Shlyakhov іndosamentu.

Dwellers pridbati bankіvsky bill pokupets Got perekazati groshі rakhunok on the bank, the seller, pіslya chogo ostannіy vipisuє form bankіvskogo bills on іm'ya pokuptsya i poznachaє date zarahuvannya pennies. Repayment bankіvskih Bills vіdbuvaєtsya through їh redemption rights pіslya zakіnchennya termіnu obertannya abo Well dostrokovy redemption rights through the Bills. In bankіvskih bills ukazuєtsya magnitude pributku in viglyadі percent to nomіnalu, yaky oderzhuє vlasnik bills. Oznachaє Tse, scho prodayutsya vekselі for nomіnalom and vikupovuyutsya tsіnoyu bank for sale.

Butt. Bank vipustiv vekselі for the amount of 30 tis. UAH termіnom 90 dnіv Zi Splat 12% rіchnih. Otzhe, kupuyuchi takі vekselі, klієnti splatyat bank 30 tis. UAH, and prodayuchi їh bank pіslya zakіnchennya 90 dennogo termіnu, gain od bank 30.9 yew. UAH (30 X 1 2 x 90/360 x 100 + 30).

In Ukraїnі bankіvskі vekselі not zastosovuyutsya infections.

Oschadnі contribution sluguyut vlasnikam for nakopichennya zaoschadzhen penny. Vlasniku Oschadny contribution vidaєtsya іmenne posvіdchennya about vnesok in formі oschadnoї books in yakіy vіdbivayutsya OAO All operatsії on rahunku. Znyattya pennies s Oschadny rahunku zdіysnyuєtsya for poperednіm povіdomlennyam vlasnika vnesku. Perіod zavchasnogo Poperedjennia Mauger Buti viznacheny law (yak zasіb sovereign regulyuvannya) abo vstanovlyuvatisya for contract mіzh bank i vlasnikom rahunku. Otzhe, oschadnі contribution peredbachayut trivale іsnuvannya on rahunkah stabіlnih zalishkіv koshtіv scho vikoristovuyutsya Actively bankіvskih operatsіyah. For Savings deposits banks narahovuyut percent.

Konkurentsіya on market analysis pozichkovih kapіtalіv zmushuє komertsіynі banks shukati novі FORMS i Method zaluchennya depozitіv. Digit poshirennya in bankіvskіy praktitsі nabuv deposit scho vіdkrivaєtsya klієntovі at oformlennі him rahunku stream. Deposit Got obov'yazkovy character, and the value of i yogo termіn vkladennya koshtіv on rakhunok viznachayutsya bank. Yakscho not klієnt vikonuє minds danogo deposit, bank Mauger pripiniti yogo obslugovuvannya. For svoїm character Tsey deposit can vіdnesti to umovnogo, oskіlki viluchennya koshtіv s Demba mozhlive deprivation in razі zakrittya klієntom rahunku stream. Vіn vvazhaєtsya unemployed string, scho daє zmogu bank vikoristovuvati yogo yak dovgostrokovy credit. For analogієyu s contributions to zapitannya for danim deposit narahovuyutsya mіnіmalnі percent abo stink zovsіm not narahovuyutsya, Yakscho bank does not bere s klієnta fee for maintaining operatsіy on the production rahunku.

Banks often nadayut tsomu deposit Zastavny character, tobto peredbachayut right vkladnika obsession on loan without deposit sumі dodatkovogo zabezpechennya, otzhe contribution in tsomu razі Je garantієyu Povernennya pozichki.

For klієnta deposit on termіn obslugovuvannya Je Pevnyi mіroyu primusovim, to takі deposits mozhut zaluchati tіlki Ti banks scho proponuyut svoїm vkladnikam dodatkovі bankіvskі Hotel abo zruchne i pіlgove rozrahunkovo-kasove obslugovuvannya. Іnakshe bank does not tіlki vtratit mozhlivіst zaluchati dodatkovu klієnturu and th Mauger pozbutisya vzhe іsnuyuchoї.

Komertsіynі banks vikoristovuyut i Taqiy method zaluchennya vkladіv, yak establishing zalezhnostі mіzh kredituvannyam klієnta i nakopichennyam on yogo deposit rahunku. In tsomu razі mіzh bank i klієntom pіdpisuєtsya dogovіr, vіdpovіdno to yakogo Bank Statement on bere zobov'yazannya Nadachi klієntu credit for minds nakopichennya i zberіgannya ostannіm protyagom as set by termіnu viznachenoї sumi koshtіv. Formuvannya koshtіv on deposit rahunku Mauger vіdbuvatisya in rіznomu: abo vihodyachi s mozhlivostey klієnta, abo on osnovі plannable vkladіv. Vigoda klієnta at this depozitі polyagaє in fact, scho Got vіn mozhlivіst bezpereshkodno win a loan from the bank, and denote Mensch bude RPPOs mіzh sumoyu deposit i sumoyu loan, team less then bude vstanovleny percentage for pozichkoyu. The bank at this kredituvannі bude uniquely less then rizik nepovernennya pozichki, oskіlki vіn spryamovuvati Got the right to repay the loan Costa, scho zberіgayutsya on deposit rahunku.

Butt. The Bank has established the rate for the loan to rіvnі 15% of the deposit - 10% rіchnih. Before Demba zvernulisya for pozichkoyu two klієnti. Suma kreditnoї application Year in oboh klієntіv odnakova - 800 thousand. UAH, and zalishki koshtіv on deposit rahunku rіznі: in one klієnta 600 tis. UAH, іnshogo - 700 tis. UAH. RPPOs mіzh credit deposit vіdpovіdno i 200 i 100 Vihodyachi s Tsikh minds Purshia klієnt Splat the bank for a loan koristuvannya 30 tis. UAH (15% od 200), and the other - 15 tis. UAH (15% od 100).

Prote uspіh this method zaluchennya vkladіv klієntіv bagato in chomu deposits od gnuchkoї protsentnoї polіtiki Bank schodo kreditіv. Yakscho klієnt viyavit, scho for svіy contribution from the bank vіn oderzhuє nabagato less then, nіzh splachuє bank for the loan (s urahuvannyam vitrat on rozrahunkove obslugovuvannya) vіn vіdmovitsya od takoї land, scho bank to camp vtratoyu potentsіynih yak, so i nayavnih klієntіv.

In robotі komertsіynih bankіv schodo zaluchennya vkladіv (depozitіv) vazhlivu role vіdіgraє The percentage polіtika, oskіlki obsession pributkіv od vkladenih koshtіv Yea for klієntіv suttєvim stimulus s aktivіzatsії vneskіv. Rozmіr percent deposit bank vstanovlyuє komertsіyny samostіyno, vihodyachi s oblіkovoї NBU rate will trumpery i Rinku vlasnoї depozitnoї polіtiki.

Rіven pributkіv for rіznomanіtnimi species deposit rahunkіv rіzny. Naynizhchі percent komertsіynі banks splachuyut for rahunkami to zapitannya, oskіlki stink harakterizuyutsya nestabіlnіstyu zalishkіv. For such rahunkami, vіdkritimi Yurydychna ladies, interest vzagalі not mozhut narahovuvatisya. In tsomu razі s klієntіv, yak usually not styaguєtsya fee rozrahunkovo-kasove obslugovuvannya. Vіdsutnіst pributkіv abo Neznachny їh scrip stimulyuyut vlasnikіv rahunkіv to zapitannya skorochuvati to mіnіmumu zalishki koshtіv them i have vkladati їh pributkovіshі operatsії (termіnovі deposits tsіnnі Paper the toscho), scho for bankіv not vigіdno. Tom deyakі s them namagayutsya zaohochuvati klієntіv pіdtrimuvati stabіlnі zalishki on rahunkah to zapitannya. Tse dosyagaєtsya through established pіdvischenih protsentіv abo viplati klієntam premіy for znachnі zalishki koshtіv.

Hoca for rahunkami to zapitannya, vіdkritimi for fіzichnih osіb, interest narahovuyutsya obov'yazkovomu in order Prybutok them nabagato nizhchy, nіzh for termіnovimi deposits.

When vstanovlennі rozmіru protsentnoї rates for deposits termіnovimi viznachalnim chinnikom Je termіn on yaky rozmіschenі Costa. Chim trivalіshy termіn, team vischі protsentnі rates. The interest rate for a deposit termіnovim zalezhati Mauger i od frequency now viplati pributku: cpm rіdshe zdіysnyuyutsya viplati, team vischy rіven protsentnoї rates.

Banks mozhut zaіnteresuvati vkladnikіv narahuvannyam th Splat i simply folding protsentіv. Prostі percent Je traditsіynim view obchislennya pributku for contributions. Vіdpovіdno to vstanovlenoї perіodichnostі vіdbuvaєtsya narahuvannya i viplata pributku for contribution.

Butt. Deposit on the bag 500 tis. UAH in the bank rozmіscheny termіnom to one rock Zi Splat income schomіsyatsya s rozrahunku 15% rіchnih. In tsomu razі mіsyachny dohіd for simple interest dorіvnyuvatime 6.25 yew. UAH (500 x 15/12 x 100).

Dohіd for Folding percent (narahuvannya percent for percentage) viznachaєtsya so. Pіslya zakіnchennya rozrahunkovogo perіodu for the amount of the contribution narahovuєtsya percentage of the value of i otrimana priєdnuєtsya to Sumi contribution; at the following interest rates rozrahunkovomu perіodі zastosovuєtsya to novoї, vzhe zbіlshenoї sumi. Skladnі percent dotsіlno vikoristovuvati razі in fact, if viplata income zdіysnyuєtsya pіslya zakіnchennya termіnu dії contribution.

Butt. Deposit on the bag 500 tis. UAH rozmіscheny row to one rock Zi Splat income on line zakіnchennі dії vihodyachi agreement of 15% rіchnih. Narahuvannya protsentіv vіdbuvaєtsya schomіsyachno. In tsomu razі dohіd at obchislennі Yogo for Folding percent, stanovitime: for Purshia mіsyats - 6.25 yew. UAH, for a friend - 6.33 (506.25 x 15/12 x 100), for tretіy - 6.41, for the fourth - 6.49 so i Dali to 12 months at іz schomіsyachnim increase for the amount of 0.08 yew. UAH. During the Year for folding dohіd percent stanovitime 80.28 yew. UAH (6.25 x 12 0.08 x 0.08 x 3 + ... + 11 x 0.08, 6.25 x 12 abo + 11 x 2.12 x 0.08, 6.25 x 12 abo + 66 x 0.08 = 80.28).

One іz sposobіv stimulyuvannya vkladіv Je zastosuvannya protsentnoї rates scho Progressive zrostaє fallow od hour factuality perebuvannya koshtіv on rahunku.

Butt. Вклад сумою 500 тис. грн прийнятий на строк три місяці під 12% річних. Якщо гроші не зніматимуться з рахунку протягом шести місяців, дохід становитиме 15% річних, протягом дев'яти місяців — 18% річних і одного року — 21% річних. Сплата процентів відбувається щомісячно. У цьому разі дохід вкладника буде щомісячно дорівнювати: у першому випадку 15 тис. грн (500 х 12 х 3 / 12 х 100); у другому — 18,75 тис. грн (500 х 15 х 3 / 12 х 100), у третьому — 22,5 тис. грн (500 х 18 х 3 / 12 х 100), у четвертому — 26,25 тис. грн (500 х 21 х 3 / / 12 х 100).

З метою компенсації інфляційних витрат комерційні банки можуть пропонувати вкладнику виплату процентів наперед. Якщо депозитна угода буде розірвана достроково, виплачені проценти банк утримає із суми вкладу.

Важливе значення для стимулювання вкладів має гарантування банком цілості переданих йому коштів. Цього можна досягти страхуванням депозитів. В Україні поки що система страхування депозитів не створена, але діє механізм, котрий певною мірою регулює основні моменти цієї проблеми. Зокрема, за рахунок внесків банків створено республіканський фонд гарантування вкладів фізичних осіб. Основним інвестором цього фонду є НБУ, який сформував половину його коштів.