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Bankіvskі operatsії - Frost AM

Platіzhnі іnstrumenti

Platіzhnі іnstrumenti. Dwellers zabezpechiti participant mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkіv mozhlivіst uspіshno vikonuvati vkazanі vische zavdannya, svіtova practice virobila wide range rіznih platіzhnih іnstrumentіv, skin s yakih Got pevnі perevagi that nedolіki. Vrahovuyuchi їh that zvazhayuchi on svіy real fіnansovy mill i character konkretnoї tovarnoї operatsії, skin s kontragentіv trademark operatsіy Mauger vibrato naybіlsh nadіyny that zruchny for yourself platіzhny іnstrument that viznachiti minds Yogo zastosuvannya.

Zgіdno s klasifіkatsієyu Bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv (m Basel, Shveytsarіya.), At scho zastosovuєtsya bagatoh kraїnah, usі platіzhnі іnstrumenti mozhna rozdіliti on takі groups:

1) Ti, scho bazuyutsya on credit perekazuvannі koshtіv:

- Doruchennya about credit perekaz sistemі have "fat";

- Doruchennya about credit perekaz in sistemі avtomatizovanih rozrahunkovih chambers;

- Postіynі doruchennya;

- Doruchennya about credit perekaz in sistemі SWIFT;

2) Ti, scho bazuyutsya Debit perekazah koshtіv:

- Vekselі;

- Checks;

- Pryamі debetovі write-downs;

- Bankіvskі spend;

- INSHI;

3) plastikovі kartka, scho yak toil Find our credit, so i Debit іnstrumentіv.

Platіzhnі іnstrumenti s credit perekazom koshtіv ruhayutsya in that same napryamku, scho th himself platіzh - od paysite to oderzhuvacha. Paysites Je іnіtsіatorom platіzhnoї operatsії that emіtentom vіdpovіdnogo іnstrumentu. Tse daє Yomou mozhlivіst yaknaykrasche prokontrolyuvati vіdnosini s counterparty i zahistiti svoї Interests.

Platіzhnі іnstrumenti s debit perekazom koshtіv ruhayutsya in zvorotnomu vіdnosno payment (Ruhu pennies) napryamku. Oderzhuvach pennies Je іnіtsіatorom platіzhnoї operatsії that emіtentom such іnstrumentu. Tse daє Yomou mozhlivіst trimati pid control svoї vіdnosini s counterparty vplivati ​​on їh realіzatsіyu i zahischati svoї Interests.

Prote zaznachenі vіdmіnnostі that perevagi credit that debit іnstrumentіv not zavzhdi realіzuyutsya on praktitsі. So, oderzhuvach Yakscho pennies (seller tovarіv) vimagaє od pokuptsya poperednoї Pay i won zdіysnyuєtsya credit perekazom then perevagi tsogo іnstrumentu for pokuptsya vtrachayutsya: vіn not Got mozhlivostі poperedno perevіriti vіdpovіdnіst delivery tovarіv minds contract.

In Ukraїnі platіzhnі іnstrumenti scho zastosovuyutsya at bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkah, opened nazivati ​​rozrahunkovimi documents. Perelіk їh uniquely vuzhchy, nіzh in svіtovіy praktitsі, i bazuєtsya perevazhno on credit perekazі koshtіv. Tse zumovleno bunt rank hronіchnoyu platіzhnoyu crisis, scho ohopila ekonomіku Ukraine in perehіdny perіod, unaslіdok chogo prodavtsі tovarіv primushuyut platnikіv zdіysnyuvati poperednyu payment Credit іnstrumentami. Debetovі іnstrumenti, takі yak bill that check hoch i zastosovuyutsya in ukraїnskіy praktitsі against not Nabeul digit poshirennya.

Sogodnі in bezgotіvkovih mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkah in Ukraїnі zastosovuyutsya takі rozrahunkovі documents: platіzhnі doruchennya, platіzhnі vimogi-doruchennya, checks, akreditivnі said platіzhnі vimogi, іnkasovі doruchennya, vekselі.

Basics of Pravovі zastosuvannya vkazanih dokumentіv that organіzatsії bezgotіvkovih mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkіv viznachenі chinnim bankіvskim zakonodavstvom that Іnstruktsієyu Ukraine "About bezgotіvkovі rozrahunki gospodarskomu oborotі in Ukraine", the NBU zatverdzhenoyu Pravlіnnyam serpnya 1996 2 p. Vimogi їh poshiryuyutsya on pіdpriєmstva vsіh forms vlasnostі, fіzichnih osіb banks that іnshih sub'єktіv platіzhnoї system.