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Bankіvskі operatsії - Frost AM

4. Kreditnі operatsії bankіv

4.1. Klasifіkatsіya bankіvskih kreditіv

Bankіvskі loans can klasifіkuvati in rіznomu. Naybіlsh pragmatic mozhna vvazhati klasifіkatsіyu, based yakoї very hard takі Find our bankіvskih kreditіv:

- Termіn vikoristannya;

- Zabezpechennya;

- Stupіn riziku;

- Method nadannya;

- Sposіb Povernennya;

- Lines Povernennya;

- The nature of viznachennya percent;

- Sposіb Splat percent;

- Quantity kreditorіv;

- Priznachennya.

Іsnuyut takozh bankіvskі Hotel credit nature.

For termіnom vikoristannya rozrіznyayut Credits:

- Korotkostrokovі;

- Serednostrokovі;

- Dovgostrokovі.

Korotkostrokovі loans nadayutsya row to a rock. In ukraїnskіy bankіvskіy praktitsі stink Yea nayposhirenіshimi.

Serednostrokovі loans nadayutsya on perіod od one to troh rokіv and dovgostrokovі - Ponad three prophets. Suttєvoї rіznitsі mіzh serednostrokovimi i dovgostrokovimi Absent loans, banks that Ukraine does not vidіlyayut їh okremo, Hoca in kraїnah Sunset іsnuє Pevnyi їh vіdokremlennya.

Korotkostrokovі loans vіdrіznyayutsya od seredno- i dovgostrokovih not tіlki termіnom vikoristannya and second ob'єktami vkladennya i Jerel Povernennya.

H participation korotkostrokovogo loan formuєtsya mainly werewolf kapіtal tovarovirobnika (pіdpriєmtsya). Vіn oposeredkovuє perevazhno precisely dіyalnіst pozichalnika and Dzherelo yogo Povernennya Je Costa, SSMSC vivіlnilisya s turnover vnaslіdok realіzatsії ob'єkta (project), scho LUVs prokreditovany, tobto potochnі groshovі nadhodzhennya.

H participation dovgostrokovogo loan zdіysnyuєtsya vіdtvorennya main kapіtalu th oposeredkovuєtsya іnvestitsіyna dіyalnіst pozichalnika. Jerel Povernennya such loan Je Prybutok od uprovadzhennya zahodіv scho prokreditovanі, tobto їh ekonomіchny efekt.

Zgіdno s kriterієm zabezpechennya rozrіznyayut loans zabezpechenі, abo lombardnі, i nezabezpechenі, abo blankovі.

Bіlshіst bankіvskih kreditіv nadaєtsya pid Pevnyi zabezpechennya. Zabezpechenіst - one s printsipіv bankіvskogo kredituvannya. Forms zabezpechennya bankіvskih kreditіv in the main Rukh Yea i am Main neruhome pozichalnika.

Nezabezpechenі (blankovі) Loans stanovlyat slim chastku in pozichkovomu portfelі bankіv. Pong shaping can nadavatisya at Visoko stupenі Dovira bank to pozichalnika. Їh rozmіr, yak usually obmezhuєtsya Vlasnyi kapіtalom bank. Naychastіshe blank credit nadaєtsya іnsayderam bank, and Yogo rozmіr obmezhuєtsya Pevnyi chastkoyu bankіvskih aktsіy scho nalezhat іnsayderu.

For stage riziku rozrіznyayut Dvi groupies bankіvskih kreditіv - standartnі i s pіdvischenim rizikom.

Kreditіv nalezhat to standard loans, nadanі pozichalnikam scho toil nalezhnu fіnansovu stіykіst i zabezpechuyut svoєchasne i Povny Povernennya ranіshe otrimanih pozik i Splat protsentіv them.

Loans s pіdvischenim rizikom - Tse Ti, SSMSC not toil zabezpechennya and takozh its outstanding klієntami s nestіykim fіnansovim pitched SSMSC porushuyut line Povernennya ranіshe otrimanih pozichok i Splat protsentіv them.

For method nadannya rozrіznyayut bankіvskі pozichki, SSMSC klієnti oderzhuyut: a one-off; permanently; garantovano.

Odnorazovі pozichki - tse pozichki, rіshennya about vidachu yakih priymaєtsya Bank okremo for cutaneous pozichkoyu on pіdstavі stated that іnshih dokumentіv klієnta.

Permanentnі pozichki nadayutsya banks have mіru viniknennya in klієntіv required in furrows rozmіru vіdkritoї kreditnoї lіnії. Pozichki nadayutsya, yak usually Shlyakhov bezposerednoї Pay s pozichkovogo rahunku rozrahunkovih dokumentіv klієnta (doruchen, chekіv that іnshih) without pogodzhennya s bank rozmіru okremih pozichok i їh documentary clearance.

Garantovanі pozichki buvayut dvoh vidіv:

- S poperedno obumovlenoyu datoyu vidachі;

- S vidacheyu in mіru viniknennya in nіy required.

Sutnіst garantovanoї pozichkovoї operatsії polyagaє in nadannі Bank zobov'yazannya Nadachi klієntu loan at viniknennі from Demba require at viznachenomu rozmіrі protyagom obumovlenogo termіnu (yak Typically, quarter).

Schodo method of Povernennya rozrіznyayut pozichki scho povertayutsya:

- Postupovo (in rozstrochku);

- Vodnochase, tobto one-time payment pіslya zakіnchennya line;

- Especially to vіdpovіdno minds peredbachenih the credit areas;

- Vimogu to the lender;

- S regresієyu platezhіv.

Postupovy Repayment (in rozstrochku) vstanovlyuєtsya schodo dovgostrokovih kreditіv and takozh quiet, SSMSC nadayutsya permanently vіdpovіdno to vstanovlenoї pozichalnikom kreditnoї lіnії.

One-time payments zdіysnyuєtsya Povernennya disposable korotkostrokovih pozichok, SSMSC oposeredkovuyut precisely virobnichu dіyalnіst pіdpriєmtsya. To practice bankіvskoї Ukraine tse nayposhirenіshy sposіb rozrahunkіv schodo borgіv banks.

Osoblivі minds Povernennya peredbachayutsya at zastosuvannі okremih vidіv loan zokrema kontokorentnogo for overdraft, pid outpost Bills toscho. Osoblivіst here polyagaє in fact scho Povernennya pozichki zdіysnyuєtsya for іnіtsіativoyu not pozichalnika scho Yea zagalnoyu the norm, and the bank Shlyakhov zarahuvannya precisely nadhodzhen koshtіv bezposeredno on pozichkovy rakhunok.

On lender vimogu styaguyutsya pozichki in quiet vipadkah, if klієnt porushuє fun- kredituvannya, zokrema tsіlovy character strokovіst abo not vikonuє minds schodo zvіtnostі kreditnoї lands that іnshoї obov'yazkovoї Informácie, scho Got nadavatisya bank.

W regresієyu platezhіv povertayutsya loans, SSMSC vidanі pid garantіyu, surety abo Lots Other borgove zobov'yazannya tretoї individuals.

By line Povernennya bankіvskі pozichki podіlyayutsya on:

- Strokovі;

- To zapitannya;

- Prostrochenі;

- Vіdstrochenі (prolongovanі).

Strokovі pozichki nadayutsya Bank Row, zafіksovany in kreditnіy ugodі. Before string nalezhit perevazhna bіlshіst bankіvskih kreditіv.

Pozichki to zapitannya, abo bezstrokovі, nadayutsya banks in neviznacheny lines. Klієnt zobov'yazany rotate Taku pozichku on Persha vimogu bank. Well Yakscho bank does not vimagaє Povernennya then pozichka splachuєtsya on rozsud klієnta.

Stitched vvazhayutsya pozichki for yakimi zakіnchilisya Povernennya line of credit in order to please vstanovlenі mіzh i pozichalnikom bank and the bank does not povernenі Costa. Takі pozichki vrahovuyutsya on okremomu rahunku, i them klієnt musit splachuvati pіdvischenu interest charge.

Vіdstrochenі, abo prolongovanі - tse takі pozichki for yakimi Bank perenesenі Povernennya line on pіznіshy hour. For tsogo neobhіdne obґruntovane klopotannya pozichalnika. Prolongatsіya pozichki oformlyaєtsya dodatkovoyu Credit lands i suprovodzhuєtsya vstanovlennyam vischoї protsentnoї rates.

For character viznachennya percent bankіvskі pozichki buvayut:

- S fіksovanoyu interest rates;

- S plavayuchoyu interest rates.

Fіksovana zastosovuєtsya interest rates for Zgoda storіn (bank pozichalnika i) i pritamanna stabіlnіy ekonomіtsі that korotkostrokovim loans.

Plavayucha interest rates Je zasobom zmenshennya riziku bankіvskih vtrat in the minds nestabіlnoї Economy, valued at tempіv іnflyatsії i dovgostrokovomu kredituvannі. In Tsikh situatsіyah vіdpovіdno kreditnoї to cater to the interest rates perіo- sures pereglyadaєtsya i priv'yazuєtsya, yak usually oblіkovoї to bet the central bank s urahuvannyam situatsії on the credit market analysis.

For the way Splat percent rozrіznyayutsya bankіvskі pozichki:

- S viplatoyu protsentіv in mіru vikoristannya pozichkovih koshtіv (zvichayny credit);

- S viplatoyu percent odnochasno s obsession pozichkovih koshtіv (discount credit).

For perevazhnoyu bіlshіstyu bankіvskih kreditіv percentage splachuєtsya through Pevnyi hour pіslya vidachі (yak usually through mіsyats). Tse - zvichaynі pozichki. On vіdmіnu od them nadannya discounted loan peredbachaє utrimannya percent (discount) odnochasno s vidacheyu pozichki. The butt of the loan Je oblіkovy loan, yaky nadaєtsya Shlyakhov kupіvlі perekaznih Bank Bills in klієntіv-vekselederzhatelіv.

For kіlkіstyu kreditorіv bankіvskі pozichki podіlyayutsya on takі, SSMSC:

- Nadayutsya one bank;

- Je sindikovanimi (abo konsortsіalnimi);

- Je parallel.

Nayposhirenіshimi Je pozichki, SSMSC nadayutsya one bank.

Sindikovanі pozichki nadayutsya bankіvskim konsortsіumom Where Money Does one s bankіv vikonuє manager role zbiraє s bankіv-uchasnikіv neobhіdnu for klієnta scrip resursіv, skladaє s position superiors Credit sake i nadaє pozichku. Bank Manager rozpodіlyaє takozh interest dohіd od kreditnoї operatsії mіzh banks - uchasnikami konsortsіumu. For operatsії scho pov'yazanі s so kredituvannyam bank manager otrimuє vіdpovіdnu vinagorodu penny.

Paralelnі pozichki peredbachayut fate in їh nadannі dekіlkoh bankіv, ale cutaneous Bank okremo oformlyaє credit klієntu on odnakovih pogodzhenih minds.

Rozrіznyayut takozh Loans kriterіyami sub'єktnogo th ob'єktnogo priznachennya.

Before kreditіv sub'єktnogo priznachennya nalezhat pozichki:

- Torgovelno-Promyslova pіdpriєmtsyam;

- Sіlskogospodarskim pіdpriєmtsyam;

- Mіzhbankіvskі;

- Nebankіvskim fіnansovo and credit to establish;

- Bodies Vladi.

Sered pozichok ob'єktnogo priznachennya rozrіznyayut Credits:

- Іpotechny;

- Spozhivchy;

- Kontokorentny;

- Paper the pid tsіnnі;

- Pov'yazanі s promissory note obіgom.

Before bankіvskih poslug scho toil credit related nalezhat:

- Acceptance credit;

- Avalny credit;

- Oblіkovy credit;

- Factoring;

- Forfeiting.

Dokladnіshe osoblivostі vidachі i repayment okremih vidіv kreditіv ob'єktnogo character i zastosuvannya poslug credit rozglyadayutsya nature in the following rozdіlah.