Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Політика Польщі щодо українців

Claims of the Poles on the land, inhabited by foreign Ukrainians, were grounded on historical arguments. Naprikinsky XVIII century. The land was part of the Polish-Polish Commonwealth, the Poles vvazhali, scho stony muyut bouti part of the Polish state, kotra vinikla in 1919 p. Nayavnist on cich lands of the most important panic minorities pislishuvalo tsyu dumku. Що ж up to the majestic bolshostі nepol'skogo populated areas of the suburbs, then the order of the mav namir is full of yogo. Віра в дійовість полоізації spiralsya on two pripuschennya: privalivist polski kul'tury, movlyav, taka-great, shoo nepolyaki will be ready for preparation of the pimiaty, and the national ruch mid-mensoshtey nato weak, abi protistoyti polskomu vice. Yak vyyavilosya, Poles were pardoned in the skins of the cich rozraunkah.

The Polish Polity of Poland was repulsed in an hour, and the sign was fed. Yakscho vplivova ultranatsіonalіstichna partіya natsіonal-demokratіv on cholі s Roman Dmovskim, yak pіdtrimuvala polska menshіst Shіdnoї Galicia poslіdovno obstoyuvala voyovnicho antiukraїnsky course, the deyakі visokoavtoritetnі Poles, yak, zokrema Leon Vasilevsky i Tadeusz Goluvko, zaklikaet to pomіrnostі th gnuchkostі in stosunkah іz menshostyami . Hour vid hour of the central vlast in Warsaw voiced about the deeds for the Ukrainians, alle the strongholds in the middle of the massacres, official bureaucrats of the army commanders were posted in the vis. I have been takings and regents. Воєвода Волині Генрик Йозевський намаґався переманити українців на бік держави, надаючи ім обмежені деки, in that hour я ук у сусідній Галичині репресивні заходи уряд ярялись верни жорстокості. Нарешті, існувала разюча невідповідність між тим, що польський уряд підтримував східноукраїнський уряд на вигнанні у Варшаві (який міг знадитися в разі війни з СРСР), that yogo heavenly people are visibly polichnichny domagannya zahіdnih ukraїнців.

In the residual pidsumku Polish squad held schodo ukrainian menshosti polity confrontation. In 1924 the river. Він прийняв закон, що заророняв корстуватися українською мовою in the orderly institutions. Togo rocku Stanislav Grabskiy, the minister of the main obstacle of the anti-Ukrainian visions, zdіysniv reform (sumnovozvnis Іех СгаЬвІо), scho redeveloped the bias of the Ukrainian Škіl on mortgages to the citizens of Poland. The Ukrainians were not allowed to Lviv University, the Ukrainian boulevards were shrouded in Ukrainian, and the obscenity of ordering the Ukranian University by a cow was so enriched with neoconsense.

Sered Pershi x polichnichnyh zahodiv Poles in particular nevdovolennya Ukrainian Selyannstva viklikala program of columns. In the 1920's. For zmіtsnennya polskoїї present on the circuit cordons, the order of the pochav ask for Galicia and Volyn resettlement - so zvanih siege. Spotchatka bіlshіst srednіknіv, especially in Volynі, warehoused veterans of armenі, пізніше steel переважати цивільні. Nezvazhayuchi on those of Galicia Bula, one of which is overpopulated by the Syl'skospodarskih Regions, the Novopribuli rejected great lands of lucrative lands and generous financial subsidies. Ті, що вирішували не обробляти землі, have borrowed привілейовані landed сільських поліцаїв, поштових, залізничних працівників і діббних чиновників. Ukrainian dzherela podayut, scho until 1938 p. At the village of Skidnoi Galichini i Volyni pribulo 200 yew. Polikіv іш 100 тис.- у міста. In the usyakomu razii, hoch naplev polskikh rereventsiiv not mіg rіshuće zmіniti etnіchny warehouse of the population of the land, vin bov dovit znachnim, shob viklikati gostre nevdovolennya Ukrain.

Із revolution of Пілсудського 1926 р . Before the authorities priššov bílš authoritative Polish order, í began to sign the first signs of the mozhlivogo polischennia stosunkіv in Ukraine. Uocoblennyam tsiogo new pidhodu buv Henrik Yozevsky , the recognition of the 1927 р. Volynskoe voevoda. Yomo was spared by the devoch to devote himself to the holy briks of Ukrainian villagers, zavodyks rozpodilu great part of the Uriadivyh lands of the middle of the mosquito population. Він також пішов на обмежені деки політичним керівникам волинських українців, one-hour namagayuchichі ізолювати від їх "згубного впливу" націоналістичне настроєних галичан. Alya vreštі-reshut zusilya Yozevskogo buli pіdіrvіnі релігійноній disinfection of the Orthodox Volynians that will be baked by the support of the Ministry of the Government and the Polish nationalities.

Українсько-польські стосунки значно погіршилися під час Great Depression 1929-1933 рр. , But especially in the villages of the Silesian regions. Selyany terpіli not stіlki vіd bezrobіttya, skіlki vіd catastrophic padіnny pributkіv, sprinkinenogo zmenshennyam popita on їхню продукцію. In the rocks of the crisis, clean the surplus from one acre of small village peasants by 70-80%. Behind the scenes, the hatred of the Ukrainian villagers has been generously subsidized by the colonialists and the bagaties of the Polish landowners, as well as the nikoli, has become inflamed. Zrostalo takozh nevdovolennya means of Ukrainian Інтелігенції, especially silver її young (і безробітних) представників, through those, пoо всі нечисленні урядові інції незііної віддавалися іл to Poles. To that, if the radical mood of the Ukrainian nationalities were calling for an active opir to the Polish panuvannia, the stinks were found out in the middle of the young Ukrainians.

Пацифікація. Влітку 1930 р. Galichinoi prokotilasya hvilya attacks on polskie mates, scho zvichayno zvedishilis to pidpalіv . Bulo zafiksovano close to 2200 of these acts. At the same time, the department managed to reach Masovi and Zhorostok dіy. In the middle of the world, on the Ukrainian villages, there are large numbers of caviar and cavalry, rozpochavshy Campaign pacifikatsii ("pacification") . Застосовойчи principle of the collectivism, the ozbroєnі pogany pozaimali blizko 800 sіl. The stumbling wrecked around the Ukrainian communities and readings, they confiscated the product, phisically punished quietly, protesting. The boulo is zaireshtovano ponad 2 yew. Українців, здейільшого школярів, студентів і молодх селян; Maje dermal thirdly otrimav trivali termini uv'yaznennya. Ukrainian deputies to the Sejm were put under house arrest, abi did not allow the participants to participate in the elections, they were held at that hour, and the Ukrainian Ukrainians were terrorized, zhomushechy voted for Polish candidates.

Through the protests of the Ukrainians before the League, the share of the Ukrainians in Poland fell into the same category as the "peace" of the Zokrem, and they embarrassed the character of the international scandal. Prote Jakobo європейські та especially the British politicians have condemned the conduct of the Poles, then the Comittee of the League of National Zynivativ of the Ukrainian Extremes in provocate reprises. Hocha polskiy shvidko squad strangled zavirushennia, ale kynets kyntsom yogo dії more bolshe rozljutili ukrayntsiv, urged to zstostannya ekstremіzmu z ob oboh storin i izkladili pooshuka constructive rіshen.

"Peace" brought in the village pozyrny order, ale nyak not sent rishushchosty young radical-minded nationalists borotisya proti polskogo regime. OUN on the cob of the 30th rock'n'Lishe zmіnila tactics, zosrediivshi zusilya on organisatsії polichnichnyh ubivstv provіdnih pol'shikh dyajchіv ta urodavi чинов bureaucrat, and takozh on ekspropriatsii koshtiv, neobhіdnih for її діяльності. Zі sogo boku ulyad having borrowed shodo ukraїнців безкомпромісну позицію. Vin skasuvav samovyryvannya in the villages, perevіshi їх під владу польських чиновників. In 1934 the river. At Berezi Kartuz'kii boula vlashtovano kontabir, in a kind of trilimane close to 2 yew. Політичних в'язнів, переважно українців. Together with Poland, Poland was encouraged to attend to her cronies before the National People's Rights to safeguard the rights of national minorities.

Tsya polytika ulyud slydchila about yogo perehіd on the edge of the rights of position. Beginning in 1935 r. For the new constitution, all the possessions were in the hands of Marshal Pilsudski, the interlocutor of the Sejm was interchanged, and the powers of the state were disobedient to the reference of the Persian Vagi. Vibori were reorganized in such a way that they deprived themselves of prerogatives and prerogatives by seizing chi vidhilenya candidates. Після смерті Пілсудського того ж року в управлінні держалоюю дедалі більшу The role of the steel відігравати воєнні кліки.

Спроби compromise. І in polskomu, і in ukrainskomu tabori buli pomіrkovannі dіyachі, yakim obrydli bezpernovnі Polish-Ukrainian essence. З українського боку за компроміс became виступати найбільша українська політична партія - Українське народно-демократичне об'єднання (УНДО) . Її лідерів некоїли наслідки насильницьких аків ОУН і провоковані них репресії щодо українців. They takozh tisnuv Ukrainian cooperative ruch (which for the effective needs demanded a political stability), zmushuyuchi shukati shlyahіv before zbylzhennya. The signs of readiness to compromise were written to the Polish side. In 1933 the river. A unit having fallen asleep "Polskoukrayskiy bulletin" - a chapel, a kind of visivituvav positive aspects of Ukrainian-Polish vzaimin. Nezabarom після цього прем'єр-міністр Вадав Єнджеєвич publically knew, but pardon pripustilisya offended side. Yak is not paradoxical, or vbivstvo ounivtsi miinistra vnutrishnyh cms Bronislava Peratsky in 1934 r. Accelerated the process of zlobzhenzhenya, pozayak tsei rishucha sued yak UNDO, so і metropolitan Sheptytsky. So in 1935 the river. BULO has been cleared for the construction of the crocheted land with the mound of the UNDO? Zgdomom vіdomoї yak "normalizatsiya . "

Ugoda appealed to the Ukrainians to recognize the primacy of the interests of the Polish state in voting for the new budget. For the workshop, allowing candidates from the UNDO to the Viborgs, they themselves knowingly criticize Ukraine in the Seimi. Після виборів уряд пішов on a number of other actions. Лідер УНДО Василь Мудрий був обраний віce-marshal to the Sejm. Було звільнено більшість українських в'язнів із Berezi Kartuzkoї. Deykі ukraїнські економічні set cooperatives rejected the financing poses. The members of UNDO were dug up, they could not live in Poland, so they could report to the dolphin, especially in portraits, in which they recognized that the hour of the Ukrainian authorities was radiant, or the normality did not come from the middle of the countries. Oppositsіya in most UNDO інші українські партії attacked lіderіv UNDO for those, пo вони "погоджуються їстиї крихти з польського столу". Do not bolee chimos nespodіvanim і te, scho radically moody nationalities vidknuli normalizatsiyu and prodovzhuvali dvortsіynu dіyalnіst. І nareşti, skepticism shodo mozhnovisty uspіhu polity zbylzhennya zhivila gliboko vkorinen in usoju ukominskomu sspіlstvі nedovіra to polokіv. Nezvazhayuchi on the actions of the central rally, on the county lands, the mayor of the kozhny voevoda, the head of the polity, zastosovav vlasy nizmenno brutalnyi method "vedennya spravo" z Ukrainki. Such a pidhid officials, zvichayno, pidtrymuvala mіsceva polska menshist. Натопи поляків пундурували українські establish, often in taemnіy змові з місцевим польським чиновництвом. Polskie yunaki, organizovany u napivvoenizovanni pogany "pіltsіv", під привод допомоги в забезпеченіі правопоряді often changed the identity of Ukrainians. In 1938 the river. Vіdoma svoeju жорстокістю прикордонна поліція spent in the populations of the Ukrainian regions of the monastic cordon of the Radiansk, so bi-mobi, mi-ni-pacifikatsiyu.

Chi is not nazapekklіshimi golgami normalizatsii buli polski vіys'kovі. Зі зростанням зарози війни наприкіці 1930's rockів військове керівництво дедалі виразніше розогляда невдоволених українців як great problem, I'm going to be worried about the fireless territory. Shchob osushuti chi chmenshit siu problem, the army zastosovuvala practice "sublay i volodaryu." In 1938 the river. Vona rozpachala propagation of the means of the Ukrainian hutsuliv, lemkiv that boykiv Carpathians about those who are stinking of peoples, and not part of the Ukrainian nation. Robilisya pobrobi rozvinuti lekkivskii dialekt in okremu moovu, and Lemkiv schilithi before the transition to Greek Catholicism in the orthodox'ya, shobob create bar'er mizh them that Galician Ukrainians. One part of the tactics of the tactics of steel began to be used to remove the teeth of the Ukrainian gentry, the Maya nichim was not seen by the Ukrainian peasants, the vinyatkoi її expensive noblemen's titles, in addition, they did not subordinate themselves to the selenity nor socially, nor for national signatures.

Tim for an hour at Volyni Polish authorities sold off the outskirts of the Orthodox Church - the main pillar of the Ukrainian national self-government in the region. Sverdzhuyuchi, scho kolis bilshist church on Volyni and Kholmskyni lay on the graeco rimokatolikam, the authorities handed over the rest close to 150 Orthodox churches, and 190 just zruynuvali. So, from 389 Orthodox churches, scho buly to Volyni in 1914 r .. until 1939 r. Вциіліла лише 51. Analogical methods were stiffened on the succinct Holmishin ta Polissi, de ozbroeni bandi columns with the nazvoyu "Krakus" terorizuvali mіscevikh zhitelev, zmushuyuchi їh go to catholicity, and de governed by the Orthodox church. Theologian osvita y naivit vіdpravilas razvadilsya polskoyu movoyu.