Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Українці in Czechoslovakia

Opisuyuchi in the main gnіtyuchi umovi існування українців у міжвоєнний період, відрадно вказувати на one, хоч і крихітний, уламок цього people, the share of what I have in the past hour has literally polnishilasya: tsel buli ukrainytsya Zakarpattya. Ізольовані від співвітчизників Carpathian mountains, carpathoukrayntsi (abo Rusinis, yak stubs prodovzhuvanі nazivati ​​yourself) buli naimensh rozvinenymi polichnichnomu, sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo i cultural vidnoshennі. Коли падіння Австро-Угорської імперії покло кінець мадярському гнітові, Tse region увійшов to the warehouse of Czechoslovakia. At the entrance to the forcible aneccases of the Zakhidnoukrai lands, the territory of the Carpathian Ukraine and the Czechoslovak Bull are good. Унаслідок підписаної in м. Скрентоні (state Пензенільванія, США) at leaf fall of 1918 р. The land with the poor lidery emigranti of Zakarpattya waited for the inclusion of the country's batches to the warehouse of the new power for the needs of the Autonomous Region.

З усіх News of the Powers of the USSR Syriopi Czechoslovakia of the Bula is undemocratic. Vidtak Vona did not spend her time at home, or at home, in such a way that Poland, Romania and Romania. Protechno does not mean that you are at the center of the central detachment and the population of the buli is unconditioned.

Feeding about the autonomy, yak Ms perevіdchimosya, sprinkinilosya to napruzhenostі mіzh Pragu ta її schemіnu provіntsієyu. However, Czechs allowed karpatoukrayntsyam bilshu mіru polіtichnoї ta cultural self-actualizatsii, nizh stinks be-kol mali.

In 1921 the river. In Czechoslovakia lived close to 455 yew. Carpathoukrayntsiv. Of these, in the partial part of the margin, 370 thousand yew were sacked, and 85 yew. They lived in the neighborhood of Priasheva near the Slovak part of the federation. Бажаючи модернізувати всі регіони своєї нової держави, чехи намагалися підняти рівень життя й у Закарпатті. In 20 rockes, a boule along the length of the Great Ugric Mountains, near 35 yew. Selyanskih gospodarstva otrimali dodatkovі dilyanki, kozhna rozmіrom ponad two acry. By raznochim contrast to Poland rumunії boulo those who have a cumbersome detachment in their own population of ukrainian people who contribute more bolshe koshtiv, nizh viluchav. However, the investment boulevard is not enough, abi, as if to turn down the terrors in the region. With the whorls of the depressions of the 30th rock population of Zakarpattya, they grabbed a heavy viproibuvannya, and for hours hung out in hunger-stricken broad masses.

To the point of view of the osviti th culture, the cheska politiika revealed itself to the zhidan of the massacre of intellectual encirclement. Передусім різко зросла кількість освітніх закладів. Між 1914 та 1938 рр. The number of pochatkovyh shkіl was grown from 525 to 851, and гімназій - із трёох до II. More than that, a celestial detachment allowing the population to creep through the schools into the virgin forest. Such lіberalizm sprinchiniv shvidke zrostania cultural associations, such yak «Prosvita» i Tovarstvo rusofiliv im. Dukhnovich . Protsvіtali theatrical corpses ta chori. A modest cultural renaissance was fostered by the creativity of such writings, Yak Vasil Grendzha-Donskiy, Andriy Karabesh, Oleksandr Markush .

Alya kulturne zhittya Zakarpattya not bool pozbavlene raskonoschіv ta konfliktiv. Із поширенням Освіти й по мірі залучення поселення до демократичних політичних процесів the first plan has become the hunger for national self-sufficiency, but at that hour it was already brewed by people in the bilhos of Ukrainian lands. Yak voditsya, yogo virishennya became a perchesochergovuyu metody mіtsnіyuchoi zakarpatsky інтелігенції. I, yak tsecichayno spostereagayutsya in the early stages of the national budivnitsva, navkolo tsiogo pitania vinikli rozbizhnostі.

Pідходи до національного питання. The middle of the senior representatives of the intelligentsia, and the priesthood of the Greek Catholic clergy in the situation, subordination to the day, early in the Galician region, the Russophil tendencies were broadened. Hoch Russophiles, to some napozhali bagato vidomih mіssevih residents, the numerical organization of that comradeship, they numbered a lot of reading books Partnerships. Dukhnovicha, stinks mali korinny nedolіk: for all ikhnih namaganni nespeechchnym deprived the fact іsnuvannya znachchnyh mobov i iz kul'tichnykh rozbizhnost mozh im tami rosіyanami. Tsya otstavina daltali vizraynishe rozkrivala bezplidnost їхньої ідеології та політичної орієнтації і explained difficultly in the case of a poorly educated young woman.

Іnsha tendentіya ivedvilasya up to absolutizіії місцевих specialities, tobto before, scho slov'yanske population of Zakarpattya є okremoyu natsієy rusinіv. Багато з її прибічників були мадяризованными священиками, які з приход чехів вважали за обачне приховати свої проугорські симпатії під машкарою локалізму. The Іdea "trench" of the people who were dying of hundreds of thousands of people looked weakly argumentative, especially looking at the proximity of the disputed territories with Ukrainians, but they inhabited the Scythians of the Carpathians. The result is localistic, abo rusinsky, variant buv naslabshim iz s usih.

Obviously, it was the Ukrainian identity that changed, in the middle of the latest news of the country, in particular and in students. Yak і in Galicia XIX 'Century, won the yak of the Peoples' Rukh of young people, kotra pragnula zmіzniti zv'yazok iz peasants. In the world of the yak, the habitual subordination of the people, the people's cultures, the traditions of the Christianity of the Circus rite of the populations inhabited by the Carpathian side of the hillside, and the settlement of the Ukrainian national ruins in the Galicia peoples of Transcarpathia were stolen by Ukrainians.

About the dedalі vіdchutnіshy вплив українофілів свідчило їхнє оргаізаційне зростання in 30-х роках. Українофіли на чолі з Августином Волошиним, Михайлом та Юлієм Brashaykami fell asleep osvіtnє partnership "Prosvita" , yake shvidko vіdtіsnilo konkurujucha Tovaritstvo русофілів ім. Dukhnovich. The special popularity of the means of youth Інтелігенції nabula of the organization of Ukrainian scouts "Plast", scho nalichuvala 3 yew. Member. In 1934 the river. Up to Асоціації українських учителів was close to 1200 чоловік, або дві третини всіх педагогів Закарпаття. Especially the sticky pribіchnikami of Ukraine became the gymnasium of students of universities. Серед українців Закарпаття, які могут відкрито висловлювати свої політичні та національні прагнення, стреніна на конспіративних забады OUN is not a small strong representative of the Mayzha stretch of all 30th rock. Хоча більшість українофілів became paraphernalia of the integral nationalism, znachna їх частина перейшла на прорадянські позиції.

Karpatoukraynska autonomy . Chvari mizh karpatoukrayntsy buli in the hands of the Czechs, і Prague scoffed them yak drive for the call to the autonomous regions. However, in 1938 р. Міжнародні події дуже побили ставище чеського уряд. In the spring of the Munich pact, before the Nazis, the Nimecchini was encroached upon by the part of Czechoslovakia; From the monstrous regions of the Western powers, the plan was planned far beyond the national power. At pіdtrіmtsі nіmtsіv, Slovaks dostali autonomy in the boundaries of the Czechoslovak republic. Sposterygayuchi hitnaya praskogo truncation, provykadniki trih percarpathian fractions were united and takozh zazhdali autonomy. Chekham was not deprived of the new vibor, yak pogoditisya. 11 жовтня 1938 р.Закарпаття отримало self-acting.

Hocha pershu autonomin adminostratsіy ocholili Russophili Andriy Brodi ta Stepan Fentzik , stink shvidko discredited himself yak agenty Ugorschin i Polshi. Prague recognized them as a new cabriolet, which was stored in Ukraine from Augustine Voloshin . Voloshin's order uncomfortably proceeding before perekvorennya Zakarpattya, chi Karpatho-Ukraine, yak von todi otitsitsyno nazivalas, on autonomous Ukraine's state power. Українізувалися system освіти, вивавнича on the right та адміністрація. In the fierce 1938 р. On the voters before the regional parliament, the Ukrainians podtrimali 86% usіh vibortsiv. Todi ж була сформована Карпатська Січ - військова организаізація, що небарром налічувала близико 5 тис. Бійців.

For securing the sovereign zbroynoї si існували вагомі cause: з поільним розвалом Чехословаччини Угорщина зашадала повернення своїх колишніх земли у Закарпатті. Same, if the first unit of the Carpathians of Ukraine was formed, the ugorski vijska occupied a part of the territory, zmusivshi Ukrainians, to transfer the capital from Uzhgorod to Khust. By the stature of his short short term, the squad of the Carpathians of Ukraine is facing a postwar zagrozoi of the Ugorskish attack.

Stvorennya Ukrainskogo contract in Zakarpatti cope with a great vlistiv zahіdnih Ukrainki, especial at suhidniy Galichin. Bagato of them vvazhali yogi first crook on the road to the inevitable line of self-historical cathedral Ukraine. Pragnuchi zhachistiti persha Ukrainsku zemli, scho zdobula liberty, Bagato Molodez Integral nationalities Galicini illegally crossed the cordon and entered the Carpathian Sich. However, in the middle of the OUN wire, there was not a single bullet in the same way that yaku politsiku would conduct. Якщо молоді радикали Галичини вимагали негайної та широкої підтримки Karpatsky Ukraine, їхнє older керівництво за кордоном, значи about німецькі schedules, закликало до стриманості.

The reason for the overruling of the senior integrals of nationalities became gross negligence. At the same pact with Ugorshchinoy, Hitler, I waited for a payback for her, Zakarpattya, 14th birch, 1939, p. In the region uvіyshli ugorsky vіyska. Beznadіyno proactuychis for chiselnistyu ta ozbroєnnyam, Karpatska Sich chinila vidvazhny, protiv marnii opir. 15 Bereznya Voloshin's unit symbolically gambling will not be squandered in the Republic of Karpato-Ukraine. And through through the year, according to that vin of storms of solace, you have to save for the cordon.

The Viknennia of the Carpatho-Ukrainian autonomous region was paradoxical. Серед усіх західноукраїнських земель цей регіон був найменш розвинутим у соціальноекономічної, cultural and semi-historical відношенні. Same on the tsіy teritorії buv doksyagnut pivniy riven self-adverb. Незважаючи на свій короткий вік, уряд Карпатської України мав вплив, аналогічний впливові українських урядів періоду 1917--1920 рр., Й сприяв переверенню Great Part of the populated area, especially young, on the nationality of sacred monuments. Tsei epizod takozh kriv u sobi importantly visnovki schodo nimetsko-Ukrainsky stosunkiv, serving as a reconfirmation proving that a little Ukrainians could be put on goodwill of Hitler.

Natsionalnaya nervivnost, trudnoshchі sotsіialno-ekonomichnogo character, and takozh vrazhayuet positsenenie natsistskoe Nimechchini and SRSR were called up to rozshcharuvannya in democratii and zostananiya polichnichnogo ekstremizmu on all Sciydnyi Європі у міжвоєнний період. Tsya radicalizatsiya chimdal shirshi hunted not less than the estate, but traditionally pasivne villages. During the whole period, the self-immolation of the peasants and the settlers of the villages in the middle of the villages, vklikayuchi in them pobottya protista proti natsionalnykh usiskiev ta pogryshshennya zhittnogo rivnya, sho spostiregalisya in the 1930's rock. More than that, vona, yak nikoli rannishe, shtohala їh to polіticchnoї діяльності, zokrema to radical dіy.

Influenced by unsuccessful namagannami zavoyuvati konstantinov chi self-adherence, zahidni Ukrainians vyyavilisya especially sensitive to the cyan zagalnyh tendentsiy. Unaware of the wide distribution of "organichnoy robotics", it was obvious that the OUN became an integral nationalism of the OUN, becoming the middle of the secessionist Ukraine, and nasampered by the young, naidinamichnih rihom. On відміну від співвітчизників у Радянській Україні західні українці did not recognize such dramatic social and economical zmін, іввіть for the wilderness of the wretched living рівня їхніми dumkom volodіv not discredit the Stalinist communism, and integer nationalism. Відтак найбільшого поширення український націоналізм набув серед покоління західних українців, які have entered into the grown-up in the 30th rock, and manifested itself as a sum of fanatical and idealism.