Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Rukh Propor

Yak і in іншие частинах окупованої Європи, незабаром після при придпільний рух, що був the chief rank of the reaction to the nazis. Yom was frowned upon by those who had been braving Viaska for hard control of the great-grandfathering holidays. Prior to that, in Ukraine, there were also written resolutions on OUN, bilshovikiv and - at the peak of the day - poles, kozhna ya mala vlasnі partisanski sily. Recruiting for partisans' wives in the past few years, there are plenty of people in the ranks who have been engaged in nai- riznomania: individuals, citizenship, Ukrainian citizenship, members of the communist party, євреї, перебіглі поліцаї, утікачі-остаббайтери тощо. Prior to them priadnuvalisya te, hto just shukav nagodi vidititi proti nazistiv. Oskilki great part of Ukraine є step and it is not useful for guerrilla warfare, then partisans in the main zosedredzhuvalisya pivnіchno-zahіdnі partialy kraїni - in Volos Volin, swamps Polissya ta Carpathians.

УПА (Українська повстанська армія) . Перші партизанські загони українських націоналістів виникли на Поліссі та Волині й пчатку, як it is not marvelous, not boules are taken from the OUN. Yak tilki vibuhnula natsistsko-radianska vіyna, місцевий український діяч Taras Bulba-Borovets , close to the petliurіvskogo UUr contract, scho having perebuvav on вигнанні у Варшаві, having formulated irregular part під назвою "Поліська Січ" (пізніше перейменовану на Українську повстанську армію) з метю чищеншення свого Регіону від залишків Червоної армії. Коли під кінець 1941 р. Nimtsi tried to dissolve the yogo part, vin povіv his own bіytsіv "у ліси", shoob voyuvaty yak із німцями, and і з більшовиками. In 1942 r. Small pіdrozdіli created on the Wolynia the OUN-B members of the OUN-M, scho vowing the transfer of Koch.

Наприкінці 1942 р. OUN-B virishila formulate a great partisan force, swearing the very cobs of regular Ukrainian artillery, kotra, yak, to be respected, znadichitsya, if zakinchitsya natsistsko-radianska vaina. Up to that, they spoiled their spirits for the sake of nagal reasons: in the first place, in the settlements of the Nimec repressions of the urban population of the village of Vimagali, the OUN got tired of entering for the enemy, in other words, in the aftermath of 1942. З Білорусії у Північно-Західну Україна, the guards of the Radyanski Partizans, the Bullock, the OUN clamped down to assume the role of "people's army", to persecute bilshoviki.

For ob'ednannya vseіh natsionalalisticheskih zagonnіv OUN-B silomіts included up to its own form pіdrozdіli Borovtsya ta OUN-M, having tidied up for them the name УПА. Head-Commander of the expanding forces of the bouleau is a member of the OUN-B wire, a high-ranking Ukrainian office of a shoemaker molded by the Nakhtigal paddock of Roman Shukhevych . Zavdyaki wide-ranging efective pidpilnyi ozhezhi OUN-B UPA shvidko rose at a great, good organizovanu partisansku army, yaka wanted control over the most important parts Volin, Polissya, and zgodom і Galichini. Хоч багато українських еміграційних джерел стверджують, що in the apogee of the power (кінець 1943 - початок 1944 р.) Чисеність УПА сyагала близико 100 тис., Більш обгрунтониі підрахуньки встанолюють номер ЗО-40 тис. Бійців. Ported by the smallest of the ruins of the Nazis, the UAV of the UPA was a town of unicol, and the fact that it was not foreign is foreign to foreign aid. Tom zrostaniya її were strong about the witch vidchutnu masov pidtrimku z boku ukraїнців.

Швидке зростання УПА викликало необхідність розширення її політичної base. Хоч провід УПА great world здійснювала ОУН-Б, protested one faction of integrative nationalities, could not pretend to be a representative of Ukraine from the country. Відтак у липні 1944 р. З ініціативи ОУН-Б pediatrician at the Sambor at Galichyna taєmno zіbralis delegates of the pre-war political parties Zahidnoї Ukrainy (behind the OUN-M vinjatkom) that the representatives of the Ukrainian regimes and the Ukrainians Golovnu Vysvolnu Radu (UGVR) . Characteristically, the platform of the new organisa- tion agency has altered the situation in the eyes of the integrators of nationalities, with a contact with the contacts with Radyanska Ukraina.

Roman Shukhevych (General Taras Chuprinka)

Roman Shukhevych (General Taras Chuprinka)

Acts of the tsikh ideologicheskikh zmіn already appeared in 1943, if the congress of the OUN-B, saying: "Oskilki OUN fight against the imperialism and empire ... that OUN fight against SRSR and the Ukrainian" Novo-Europie. " In spite of their anti-Nazi counter-insurgency forces, the UWWR waterwas protracted a number of important issues before the doctrine of integral nationalism. Vona zaklikala to bolshoyї terpimostі schodo i ideologij, vіdmіnih vіd інтегрального націоналізму, відкидала расову та етнічну винятковість і звертала значно більшу увагу на соціально-економічні питання, що серед радянських українців викликали величезний Інтерес. In addition, the UGWR has called on the non-Russian people of the Socialist Revolutionary Union of Russia to join Moscow. However, it became obvious that the bi bias was not appropriately integrated, it would be extremely important to see the severely controlled radian system.

Ukrainska-polska rizanina. The UPA did not cease to act against the Nazis and Bilshovikivs, but was forced into an extraordinarily zhorostok conflict with Poles in the Ukrainian and Polish lands of Volyn, Polissya that of Kholmsk. It is without a doubt that the country is closed down, the Ukrainian national integrations, the bullets of the ricoche, the agnati of the Poles (the Bagatos of the Bulyas, the settlers of the Migrant Week), the territory, the Ukrainians have become more and more impregnable. At his chergo polska pіdpіlna націоналістична армія - Армяя Крайова (АК) не менш рішуче прагнула зберегти control over the lands that soon entered the warehouse of the Polish state. The result of this was the krivava borotka (yak was often sung by the nemtsi and provoked by the Radyansky partisans) from Ukrainian and Polish forces for the territory for long-standing rahunkiv.

Especially the tragic bouleau, those who, more than ever, suffered a civil population. For the Polish jerk, for Volyn for 1943-1944. Українці, й насамперед Punishment Sat (service bezpeki OUN), virizali 60-80 yew. Polskih cholovіkіv, zhinok і дітей. Українці ж стверджують, що різанина їхнього people rozpochala early, in 1942 р., If the Poles were sick kilka tysyach of the Ukrainian villagers in the predominantly Polish regions of Holmshchini, and prodovzhuvali zhdomom in 1944-1945 pp. Серед безборонної української меншості на захід від р. San. So chi іnakshe evidently, so that the Ukrainian, and the Polish zbroyni pogany took the fate of the general battle, kotra became krivavim apogeem hate hatred dmy people, yak pogllyubalasya vid pokolinnya pokolinnya.

Радянські партизани on Україні. Незабаром після нападу Nімеччини functціонери комуністичної партії почиться оргаізовувати в тилу ворога підпільні частини. By a stretch of convenience, the Radian partisans were pestered by the Kremlin's pilot control. Oskilki radianske pidpillya rozvivalosya ppіlnoy th did not reach the great successes in 1941 ta on the ear of 1942 р., У травні 1942 р. The central headquarters of the Partisan Ruhu in Moscow proves a yogo reorganization. Through the month the bullet was confided to the Ukrainian partisan team at the command of the high-ranking post of the NKVS officer Timofiy Strokach. Після перемоги під Сталінградом knowingly grown kіlkіstі і activeіdіvalysya діяльність радянських партизанів, especially in the uninhabited bagnostich areas Білорусії.

In the Ukraine, the protégé, the Radian partisans for their values ​​so did not finish up to the Byelorussia. Great part in the criticism of the Ukraine is not a bula pritatna for vedenya partizanskoy vinyi. And on Західній Україні, де Міцно закріпилася ОУН, дії радянських партизанів not мали народної підтримки. Tom bilshist їхніх операцій обенноласься частиною Волині та Полісся.

Radyanskі Partizani put sobі zavdannyam ruynuvati nіmetskі komunіkatsії (Especially efektivnosti viyavilasya їhnya "raked vіyna", scho pereshkodzhala postachannyu front nіmetskimi pіdkrіplennyami) skovuvati nіmetskі vіyska in yakih vіdchuvalasya great take to frontі, poshiryuvati napruzhenіst i bezladdya in tilu vorogov that zabezpechuvati Radyans'ka prisutnіst on Ocupovanih teritoriiah. The loving tactics of Radian guerrillas (and takozh UPA) boulo carried out far-flung raids from "partisan republics", to control their great inaccessible areas Poliessia and Volin. Radyansky partisans often joined the essence of the UPA, namagayuchis likviduvati її provіd і підірвати підтримки.

Prior to the founding commanders of the Radyan guerrillas, Sidir Kovpak, Oleksandr Saburov and Petro Vershigora were lying. Celebrities Kovpak closed on Polissi on the pillar 1943 р. Spiruyuchis on the staff of good offices of the company that supplies zbroї, scho ashley through taemnі aerodromi, vin vyisko in kilka tysyach bіytsіv. Ulitku 1943 р. Kovpak rozpochav great raid to the Carpathians. The operation did not zdіysnila main its vovennogo zavdanya - znischennya naftovikh promislav in Prykarpatty, and bil'sha part yoga zednannya zaginula. Ale cze raid having coped with the knowledge of psychology and politics, demonstrating the lack of communication with the people in order to solve their problems by guessing about the possibility of turning up a bolshovikiv.

Radyansky author does not vagayuchis write, scho radianske pіdpіllya na Ukraіnіu was a masіchnії іnternatsionalnyi rukh predstavnikів 62 національностей. Ale, for їхнніми ж даними, українців at lavas of радянських партизанів, без сумніву, було it is not present is unproportionate a little. Skladayuchi Mayzhe 80% of the population, Ukrainians, proteans, became 46% of the population of the population of the poorest part of the Radian partisans in Ukraine (one less than one-third of the Kovpak village). Rosijani stockpiled neproportitsyno great piece -37%. In the active Radianski pratsyah stverdzhuyutsya, scho kilkіst radyanskih partisan in Ukraine syagala as much as 250 chi naivit 500 tis., At that time yak іnshі nazivayut figure close to 50 thousand. Західні спеціалісти зчичайно тримаються останньої цифри. So chi іnakse, zobrazhennya radianskih histories of the partisan ruhu yak masovoї patrioticheskoe borotby Ukrainian people proti nimtsіv not vidpovidaye dіisnostі, yak і analogіchno tverdzhennya natsіonalіstіv schodo scales diaelnosti UPA. Під час війни величезна більшість поселення України лишалася політичне нейтральною, більше дбаючи not about оріанпац'y support, but about those who supposedly had to live.