Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Era Gorbachova

The death of Leonid Brezhnev in 1982 r. She swung the ears of the perehodnom periodov in Radian kerivnits. Bezsrednednim attacker Brezhnev becoming dovsvidcheniyu polotik Yuriy Andropov , kolitshny head K.DB, yak, zdalosya, buv prefabricated before the conduct of the singing zmіn. Koli vіn died, when probuvshi vladі Mensch yak two prophets, yogo Location Having been the oldest i nemіchny Kostyantin Chernenko - predstavnik old regime, yaky not Bajan zdіysnyuvati reform scho їh so nagalno potrebuvav Radyans'ka Union. Alye Vin nebarom pislja to arrival to vladi pomer. Situation, for the sake of one after another, dying of overcautious radiance, trying to understand, evidently demanded in the young, energetic and innovative kerivnits. As a result, in 1985 p. To hold a new course in the CPRK kerivniki of the partnership, Andropov's protege Mikhail Gorbachev . Z yogo coming to Vlad in the arena of Vishla nova generatie partynyh aparatnikiv. Rozumniy i pragmatichny Gorbachov ta yogo pribіchniki buli the first generation of radyanskih lіderіv, kotrі vsuzhnuli в vz pislya mortiі Stalina.

Nezvazhayuchi on gliboko eshelonovany opіr partіynih konservatorіv i suspіlstva in tsіlomu Gorbachev rozpochav kampanіyu perebudovi radyanskoї system u Especially її zastіynoї Economy on efektivnіshu, potuzhnіshu th produktivnіshu. Dwellers dosyagti tsієї methylene, vіn Vote Novi, democratic style kerіvnitstva, stvoryuyuchi vrazhennya bіlshoї dostupnostі nablizhenostі yogo th regime to the people, to zaklikayuchi glasnostі in upravlіnnі powers that have to plyuralіzmu dumok within sotsіalіstichnogo Vibor.

Chornobil. Перш ніж горбачовські дійшли до України, републіку was shocked by the catastrophe of the global meaning. 26 квітня 1986 р. Vibuhnuv reactor reactor potnazhno Chornobylskoy nuclear power plant, roztashovanoї for 130 km vіd Kyiv. Velichezna radіoaktivna Khmara, nezmіrno bіlsha, nіzh one scho utvorilasya od bombarduvannya Hіrosіmi, covering okolitsі Chornobylia and Zgoda wider on zemlі Bіlorusії, Polschі that Skandіnavії. Above svitom hung those, whos vyn naybilly zhhavsya - nuclear catastrophe.

In the authorities for themselves, the radians of the power of the sword were frowned at the catastrophe, kotra, yak zyasovalosya, became through krchuchschu khalatnost spetsialistyv that hubnu design of the reactor. If, however, it was vivid, but it was impossible to poke the pod, Moscow recognized the fact of the catastrophe and zvernulasya to zahidnih experts on dopomogu. Radyansky engineers managed to extinguish the palyuyushchiy reactor, zhivovshiv yogo in gigantsnomu concrete "sarcophagus." For Radyans'ka Jerel, vnaslіdok catastrophic zaginulo 35 cholovіk (bagato zahіdnih spetsіalіstіv vvazhayut scho toll bіlshe) gospіtalіzovano sotnі people i sotnі tisyach arrogant vplivu radіatsії scho pіdvischuє nebezpeku zahvoryuvannya cancer. Nearly 135 yew. Чоловік, здебільшого українців, були вимушені отнути свої домівки - у багатьох випадках назавжди. Vkray serijoznih i dovgotrivalih ekologicheskih zbitkiv zaznili raioni novkolo Chornobilya na naivit roshtashovany as much as Laplandii.

In the year of 1970, if there was a breakdown of the stationing, on the Ukraine, the oposity of the settlement was broken. Moscow is going to become a great atomic power station in the energy sector of the country in the near future. Відтак у республіці поширилося дорення тим, як свавільно й безвідповідально Moscow нав'язала Україні цю електростанцію. In addition, the information about these, the catastrophe, sprinkled to the age of aggression, allied with the Ukrainian party kerivnitsvom, and they blamed the blame for the avalanche one on one.

Gorbachevska Glasnost and Ukraine. Z obobchko pererbudovy at Moskvy bugato factov svidchilo about namagannya Gorbachova to carry out reforms, nezvazhayuchi on znachnyi opir zahidnikelіv firmy linii in sistemy vladi ta skepticizm publiki. New self-criticism became self-critical; neodnorazovo kritikuvav cult of the individual Stalіna i zlovzhivannya Vladoiu s side organіv vnutrіshnіh ref i byurokratії popular magazine "Ogonyok" on cholі s kolishnіm kiyaninom Ukrainian poet Vіtalієm Korotich: steel publіkuvatisya rosіyskі sings SSMSC dotrimuyutsya vіdverto antiradyanskih poglyadіv; Навіть лишається незабороненою громадська організація "Pam'yat", scho voyavnichy voyavnichy і vkray fortified Marxism російський шовінізм and antisemitism.

In the case of the demonstration of the "new spirit" in Ukraine, they were deprived of the clearness of the richest and the visibly impolite. Обережність українців була цілком зрозумілою. Kyzev, after completing the patrimony of Sherbitsky, the protracted conservative, remained in the Politburo of the relic of the stagnant Brezhnevsky regime. Prior to that, the Ukrainian KDB mav reputatsiyu naybіlsh repressive in the SRSR. І nareštі, ukrainian інтелігенція over the goodness of the memory, yak bolsіsno vona "took care", zentuzіazmom reverting the Khrushchev reforms of the 60's.

Popri ti pobyuyannya sredi Ukraїnskogo іntelіgentsії z'yavlyalisya pevnі znaki nepokori. In the 1987 p. In Києві було засновано Український культурологічний клуб. Bagato yogo members of buli with colossal dissidents, yakis namagalisya vyayvity inter-glasnosti, vidkrito diskutuchuyuchi soi politichnee chitlivi pitania, yak holodomor 1932-1933 rr., Tysyacholitya Christianity in Ukraine, a struggle for independence 1917-1920.

Набагато ширший відгук політика гласності знайшла у Львові - цій столиці національне свідомих західних українців. At chervnі ta lipnі 1988 р. Bulo spent kіlka nesanktsіonovanyh i unprecedented for its scales мітингів, що зібрали тисячі людей. At demonstrations, organized by such colossal dissidents, Yak Chornovil, brothers Gorin, Igor, Irena Kalintsi , ta Novim dyachem Ivan Makar , lunali sporodity spells from Lviv gidniy pamyatnik Tarasivi Shevchenko, and so to the victims of Stalin's repressions. Cі діячі виступли проти партійних бюрократів, які самі imagined themselves as representatives of Lviv on the Maybutni party's program in Moscow, they talked about the numerical pressures, and ought to identify Ukrainians. At серпні львівський КДБ зрегував у типовий для себе спосіб: він звинуватив оргаізаторів в "антирадянкііі діяльності" and заaрештував декого з них. Once again it was confirmed, but Ukrainians only, but I began to do that hard way to democracy.

Trochy early in the whole of the real time, pitting up rusifikatsiya and the status of the Ukrainian government with party conservatives, they were rummaged around the Shcherbitsky, the representatives of the prerequisites were hanging up. Spirits of writing in Ukraine (lawfully admitted to the fall of Ukrainian politics). In the Chervnyi 1986 p. Protiv vitnisnyannya zhyku in schools of republican ukrainian customs, a number of Vidomih Ukrainian books were written, among them Oles Gonchar, Dmitro Pavlichko, Ivan Drach and Sergiy Plachinda , and Spilka writers used a comission to be called for with basic mortgages. In the quarter of 1987 p. Міністр вищої освіти УРСР M. Fomenko presenting the comission of the huntsman, hoc and the number of articles about the camp of the Ukrainians. For yogo give, on the Ukraine, 15 teals were laid. Україномовних шкіл, тобто close 75 % усіх шкіл, водночас at 4500 російськомовних schools, шо were storing less than 22% of the illicit quantity, навчалося більше половини всіх учнів. So, the abnormal bulo stanovishche in Kiev: from 300 tis. Уннів українською мовою навчалися тільки 70 тис.

However, the statistics did not refer to the individual party functions. Izy chyogo drive Shcherbitsky Lisha hanging over the top of those, that is, the Russian movemea do not sound your spine with a vigil. In the middle of the building, the host country partnership "installation" in the Ukraine was putting a dealal to the business aspects of the Gorbachev's moderniza- tion, without compromising its national policy. So, zokrema, rozpopinavsya for ukrainezv quarter of rik pererbudovy ...