home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Ratifіkatsіya contractual Moskvі

In 1654 bereznі od roku Embassy of Ukraine in skladі vіyskovogo suddі Samuїla Zarudny that Colonel Paul Teterі s honor pribulo to Moscow. In Moskvі Bazhana dwellers priїhav himself Bogdan Khmelnytskyi, ale vіn not poїhav. After diplomas were taken akreditivnі od Hetman, "Stattі" (ie. Public areas. Stattі 23), the text of the contract is the lowest Zborіvskogo listіv. Origіnali Tsikh dokumentіv not zbereglisya. Zbereglisya deprivation moskovskі perekladi.

In gramotі Hetman vistupaє, yak reprezentantov "Ruskoї power", i tse virazno pіdkreslyuє, scho Won not stopped іsnuvati th pіslya Pereyaslavskoї land. "Stattі" dіyshli to our chasіv in zіpsovanomu viglyadі i obviously boule perestavlenі. Not zvazhayuchi on tse, seen scho The basic їh іdeya - vstanovlennya such mіzhderzhavnih vіdnosin mіzh With Ukraine i Muscovy at yakih for zasterіgaєtsya With Ukraine Derzhavna samostіynіst - zovnіshnya i vnutrіshnya.

In the letter she Hetman "23 stattі", scho їh A. Yakovlіv vvazhav contract for the project, giving the CAR ambassadors vіdpovіd, yak bula ratifіkatsієyu contract. So rank, stattі project tsarskі rezolyutsії th zhaluvana diploma "stanovlyat Povny text of the agreement in 1654 year", - wrote A. Yakovlіv, Identity for suttі Tse LUVs not Pereyaslavsky and Maskovskiy dogovіr, ukladeny on pіdstavі Pereyaslavskogo.

The nature of that contract values ​​Maskovskiy 1654 roku

In іstorichnіy nautsі i tsogo hour to mute staloї pillows schodo Pereyaslavskogo nature of the contract. Suchasniki vvazhali, scho Tse LUVs dogovіr, yaky not greedy mіroyu porushuvav sovereign rights of Ukraine. Perche zrozumіli tse in Moskvі for yakoї UKRAINE Bula okremoyu powers. The "list of his articles" Buturlіna protistavlyatsya - "Muscovy th POA Zaporizhia Army". Claim Maskovskiy Uryadov about those scho Jan Kazіmіr "his oath sworn on what, crossed and poddanіh svonh, you. . . the nationality of the man committed svobodnіmi "potverdzhuє scho Uryadov Maskovskiy viznavav up Ukraine at the time of the contract ukladennya svobіdnoyu powers.

. Treba mother on uvazі scho ponyattya "pіddany" in the XVII century, did not mean "pіddanogo" in Suchasnyj rozumіnnі Thus nazivali tsarіv, volodarіv powers scho entered into dogovіrnі vіdnosini s Muscovy, shukayuchi in neї protektsії. Pіddanі in Suchasnyj znachennі words in the XVII century. nazivalisya "slaves" to the boyars that knyazіv switching on. For Peter I the word "slave" zamіneno word "slave", i deprivation Catherine II in 1786 rotsі intercede yogo termіnom "vernіy poddannіy".

In ofіtsіynomu sovetskomu vidannі dokumentіv scho stosuyutsya to Pereyaslavskoї land, vmіscheno 10 listіv Khmelnytskyi in yakih requesting vіn Maskovskiy Uryadov dopomogti in borotbі s flattered. Mayzhe OAO All tsі Listi editor nazivayut Prokhanov about "inclusion of the Ukraine to Russia" (Vol III of, Side 195..) Abo about "reunification" (Vol II of, Side 132, 177,.. T III of, Side 364, 365,.. 381).

Analіza Tsikh dokumentіv pokazuє schos Lots Other. In deyakih sheets Khmelnytskyi wrote in unclear virazah about svoє Bazhanov, dwellers CAR CCB for Ukraine "sovereign th king, Thou Orthodox shone" (vol. II, Side. 132), abo "king st autocrat bіl" (vol. II, sided. 177 - 1669 p, W Travnia).. In pіznіshih documents virazno yde mova about vіyskovu Relief, of acceptance "pid temple arm" (Vol III Sided 195 -... 3652 p 21 Dire.), "Pid krіpku hand" (ie III, sided 364 -.. 1653 p. , Serpen), "Ratna pomochі hand" (ie III of, sided 365 -.. 1653 p Serpen) i t іn...

Maskovskiy Uryadov vvazhav scho dogovіr With Ukraine s CCB dіysny tіlki for Zhittya Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, i yogo s ponovlyuvav the following cutaneous hetman, descho zmіnyuyuchi, ale zavzhdi nazivayuchi rock act of 1654 agreement. Navіt Petro 1 nakazі wrote in 1722 roku, utvoryuyuchi Malorosіysku Kolegіyu ". . . repair . . . as defined in the Treaties pomyanutіh Khmelnitsky. " Yakscho so rozumіli Act 1654 navіt rock in the XVIII century. - Je logіchnim, if steward Khlopov wrote in 1663 rotsі 'in Little Russian state ", and in the distant rock Pekіnі 1770 on nagrobku ukrajins'koho vikarbuvano Chentsov," comes from the Kingdom of Little Russian, Nizhenskogo regiment. "

In Ukraїnі knew for sure, scho Pereyaslavsko-Maskovskiy dogovіr not pozbavlyav ії sovereign rights. Dogovіr Tsey zafіksuvav Union s Moskovієyu on dobrovіlnih ambushes, zvіlnyav up Ukraine od pіdleglosti Polschі.

Roku 1655 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi seemed polskomu poslovі, Stanіslavovі Lyubovitskomu: "I have become w e i Pan vsієї Russia not vіddam її to Anyone." Here the characteristic viraz "already" Sebti pіslya s agreement in Moscow. Proof Nezalezhnosti Ukraine boule Ti chislennі Union, scho їh ukladala pіslya Won 1654 roku s rіznimi powers.

Ponyattyu about Ukraїnsku power vіdpovіdali novі title s yakimi zvertalisya to Bohdan Khmelnytskyi: Yogo nazivali - "Getman s Bozhoї mercy", "Emperor", "Zverhnіy vladtsya", "Zverhnіy ruler", "nashoї zemlі Head i Master" (as nazivav Metropolitan Sylvester Kosіv). 1657 rock in sheets to the Ruler Voloschini Bogdan Khmelnytskyi nazivav Statement «Clementia divina Generalis Dux Exercitum Zaporoviensi sum», and to the Elector listі Brandeburzkogo - «Dux Cohortum Zaporoviensi sum». Ivan Vigovsky in rozmovі s Maskovskiy ambassadors seemed "Yak CAR have svoїy zemlі as hetman in svoїm edge abo Prince King." Yak nalezhalo monarch druzhinі, getmanova Gunn Khmelnytskyi small svіy dvir; її staff skladavsya іz Notable zhіnok. Vaughn itself vidavala unіversali. її unіversal Gustinskomu manastirevі 22 Lipnya 1655 rock pіdpisany - "Getmanova Anna Bogdanova Khmelnytskyi 's Signet is the family coat of arms" Abdank ".

Traditsіya schodo nature Pereyaslavsko-Maskovskiy contract zalishalasya in Ukraїnі Dovgy hour. Philip Orlik in "Vivodі rights of Ukraine" giving bliskuchu characteristic Pereyaslavskoї lands "Naysilnіshim i i nayneperemozhnіshim argument proves the sovereignty of Ukraine - the Federal urochisty dogovіr, opinions mіzh king Oleksієm i" mills "of Ukraine. . . Tsey Taqiy urochisty i memo treatise names vіchnim, guilty of CCB, zdaval, nazavzhdi ustanoviti spokіy, volnostі th fret on Ukraine ».

Suchasniki chuzhintsі good rozumіli basis encampment of Ukraine. Vzhe 16 Bereznev 1654 rock polsky gentleman Pavlo Olekshich polkovnikovі Bogunovі wrote: "Khmelnytskyi, buvshy your tovarschііem, ninі becoming your Pan." For Polschі Cossacks stopped Buti "zbuntovanimi slaves" i won Pocha shukati shlyahіv for pacifying s With Ukraine. Roku 1655 zvernulasya won for pіdtrimkoyu to Krim. Ambassador polsky hanovі saying scho Bogdan Khmelnytskyi buduє "osіbnu power", yak bude Mogutnov that nebezpechnoyu susіdkoyu Cream. Roku 1656 polskі Diplomatic perekonuvali Semigorodskogo Prince Bogdan Khmelnytskyi scho "Vlad mayuchi over usіma Ruthenian lands, the monarch camp, scho matim 100 tisyachnu armіyu".

So rozumіli encampment of Ukraine pіslya polіtiki 1654 roku. Shvedsky King Charles IV-G charter wrote Khmelnytskyi in 1656 rotsі: "Mi know scho mіzh Grand Duke Maskovskiy people i Zaporіzkim zayshov Pevnyi dogovіr, ale Taqiy, scho polishiv freedom narodovі tsіloyu i neporushnoyu". Frantsuzkі uryadovі Cola vvazhali scho Pereyaslavsky dogovіr potrіbny CCB Ukraїnі yak timchasovy perepochinok in borotbі s flattered scho meta Khmelnytskyi - Buti Valadar Ukraine. 1657 rock avstrіyskogo tsіsarya ambassador, Baron arhispiskop Partsevich, vіtav Bohdan Khmelnytskyi that yogo "the noble glorious radnikіv i scho qiu stanovlyat glorious minutes voyovnichu respublіku". Dіysno, bachimo low dogovorіv rіznih s powers With Ukraine yak povnopravnoyu, by the Independent Power.

Not zvazhayuchi on Teke odnostayne rozumіnnnya suchasnikami sutі sake of Ukraine s Moscow, in іstorіografії moskovskіy not deprivation, ale th in ukraїnskіy, yak vische zaznacheno, i dosі not vstanovilosya tverdoї opіnії about those scho tsya sama is him land.

Not zupinyayuchis on zagalnopriynyatіy rosіyskіy versії about Povny pіddanstvo Ukraine, yak vzhe sprostovana guidance vische facts zupinimosya Look at these: 1. Unіya h Ukraine Moscow: a) real (Dyakonov, A. Popov); b) Personal (V. S., R. Lashchenko); 2. vasalіtet (V. Myakotіn in svoїh Perche Prace, M. Poіrovsky, pochasti Grushevskogo M., I. Krip'yakevich, M. Slabchenko, Okіnshevich L., M. Petrovsky, A. Yakovlіv in svoїh Perche Prace); 3. Protectorate (pochasti Grushevskogo M., I. Krip'yakevich, D. Doroshenko, B. Krupnitsky, A. Yakovlіv in pіznіshih Prace); 4. Psevdoprotektorat (B. Galaychuk); 5. Stop Dumka: Pereyaslavska ground - mіlіtarny Union dvoh powers (її tickle in the Vislova, Lipinsky, and pіdtrimali - I. Borschak, pochasti A Yakovlіv in ostannіh create, O. Ogloblin)

Mіlіtarny Union spryamovany in Perche Cherga proti Polschі, MAV deyakі RISS protectorate of Moscow. This type w boule Treaty, scho їh ukladav Khmelnytskyi s Krim, Turechchinoyu. Grigor Orlik wrote: "Khmelnytskyi priynyav opіku Maskovskiy king to the edge rd s natsії usіma rights vіlnoї natsії. Ale perfіdіya Maskovskiy king Bula reason, scho negayno pіslya death Khmelnytskyi right kozatskoї natsії Pocha porushatisya Muscovites "...