home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

2. Notable vіyskove tovaristvo

Gentry did not target s Statement zverhnogo will novoї ukraїnskoї Country: її Bulo for tsogo Zaman. Could stvoriti yogo th kozatstvo, bo yogo Bulo zabagato; Tse bula kolosalnoe masa pokozachenoї population size, tens of tisyach villagers SSMSC at pershіy nagodі povertalisya to svoїh Gospodarstwa. Ale s tsієї masi selyanstva vidіlyalisya rozvinenіshі individuals zatsіkavlenі Reigning in the right, s glibshoyu natsіonalnoyu svіdomіstyu. Pong visuvayutsya on provіdnі posti ,, vikonuyut rіznі obov'yazki. Getman nagorodzhuє їh maєtnostyami, nakladayuchi on villagers' zvikle poslushenstvo ", yak stink vikonuvali ranіshe. So virostala new provіdna verstva Zi old reєstrovogo kozatstva to yakogo priluchalasya spolonіzovana gentry.

Tsі Cossacks - "verhіvka" - dіstayut nova titles: "Honored" "vintage", "digit" chi "Znachkova". Zgoda tsya so bi moviti, viborna foreman peretvoryuєtsya on vischu verstvu - zverhnіy її camp.

W the middle of the XVII century. z'yavlyayutsya unіversali getmanіv about those scho stink take that abo іnshogo noble tovarisha "pid svіy horsetail." Tsі individuals viluchalisya іz zagalnoї polkovoї that sotennoї yurisdiktsії i pіdlyagali deprivation yurisdiktsії Hetman and takozh yogo court. In kіntsі XVII century. tsya kategorіya kozatstva dіstala titles "bunchukovih tovarishіv". Ti, scho mali not dosit pіdstav, dwellers of the article "bunchukovimi tovarishami" vvazhalisya "Notable regimental tovarishami". In kіntsі 80 rokіv of the XVII century. "Znatnі tovarishі" priymayutsya "pid regimental flag" icon dіstayut titles "Znachkova tovaristva" i perebuvayut colonel yurisdiktsії. So osrormlyuyutsya okremі the category "bunchukovogo" tovaristva "Znachkova" i promіzhnogo mіzh them "vіyskovogo" SSMSC boule pіdporyadkovanі vіyskovіy kantselyarії.

Usі tsі the category vikonuvali postіyno rіznogo doruchennya old, and for the service dіstavali zemlі s obov'yazkovoyu villagers Praca.

OAO All znatnі vіyskovі tovarishі boule zobov'yazanі vіyskovoyu service abo vikonannyam rіznogo old doruchen Hetman: stink take fate in revіzіyah, embassies, buduyut bridge, perekladayut vpravnі "toscho books. 1736 rock at Generalnіy Vіyskovіy kantselyarії i General Sudі Buvaev on LP bunchukovih tovarishіv on vipadok handed. Nevikonannya doruchen zagrozhuvalo vtratoyu mastku Yakimov volodіv vіyskovy tovarish.

Privіleєm noble tovaristva Bula fate in vladі have starshinskih z'їzdah, rad; vono little uprivіleyovanu pіdsudnіst, zabezpechuvalosya rіznimi Posada; It gave the right svoїm members volodіti maetnostyami population. In the hands of the sergeant-major skupchuyutsya znachnі zemelnі space, pochasti - through zatverdzhennya hetman Old volodіn, pochasti - through nadannya maєtnostey for rіznі services, Not Saying vzhe about namagannya Starshinov peretvoriti on vlasnі volodіnnya rangovі zemlі, SSMSC Davao umovno, one hour service. Krіm skupovuvala of sergeant, and often densely-th power in zahoplyuvala kozakіv that Commonwealth їhnі zemlі. Judge of the XVIII century. boule perevantazhenі Skarga on podіbnі zlovzhivannya. Before tsogo treba Add your zahoplennya vіlnih land, headaches rank among pіvdennih shelves ( "zaymanschinah").

Naslіdkom usogo tsogo in Ukraїnі ponovlyuyutsya velicheznі latifundії, ale teper vlasnikami їh vzhe bula ukraїnska sergeant, Sered yakoї vidіlyalisya svoїmi bagatstvami Kochubeї, scho mali 60,000 tithes Apostoli Skoropadskі that INSHI. In 1730, 52% of them Rokach zemlі boule in the hands of the great vlasnikіv.

3. Kozatstvo

Zrostannya kozatskoї verhіvki, provіdnoї verstvi in ​​polіtichnih the right is the great zemlevlasnikіv, vіdbuvalosya digit mіroyu Costa kozatstva ordinary. Basics Kozatska will Bula vіyskova service. For qiu service mali Cossacks ground, s yakoї not paid podatkіv, Mali rіznі privіleї torgіvlі in Mali right viroblyati gorіlku. Ale scho Dali, the tyazhche Bulo Cossacks vikonuvati sluzhbovі obov'yazki, more vіyni sider Dovgy hour vіdrivayuchi їh od Gospodarstwa. Before vіyskovoї service priєdnuvalisya fortifіkatsіynі robot digging Ladozkogo toscho channel. However, Buvaev vipadki scho rows kozakіv pіdnosili to vischih schablіv - pіdvischuvali in znachkovі tovarishі, Ale tse Buvaev all rіdkimi vipadkami i mayzhe zustrіchalosya viklyuchno in pіvdennih shelves. Navpaki, schoraz chastіshe, nespromozhnі vikonuvati vіyskovu service Cossacks passed to pospіlstva, pid protektsієyu zemlevlasnikіv - elders.

Revіzіya 1723 rock in myrhorod regiment viyavila scho perevazhnu bіlshіst villagers become zubozhіle kozatstvo. Deyaku Relief gave the Cossacks "pіdsusіdki" - the villagers, not scho mali Vlasnyi Gospodarstwa th oselyalisya on їhnіy zemlі. Bіlshe values ​​Somalia rіznі the category kozakіv, SSMSC in Gospodarstwa Hetman that Petty Officer yak strіltsі, bobroyniki scho postachali Dichin, staєnnі scho obslugovuvali staynі, palubnichі, scho boule pogonichami with "decks" toscho. Especially bagato Bulo "kurіnchikіv" - servants, SSMSC vikonuvali in polkovnikіv that іnshoї Starshinov rіznі doruchennya, pratsyuvali in gospodarstvі toscho. In deyakih polkovnikіv Quantity kurіnchikіv reached sotnі. OAO All categories tsі kozakіv zvіlnyuvano od vіyskovoї service. Zaborona vihoditi s kozatstva, zaborona prodavatsya svoї ґrunti - kept Bazhanov naslіdkіv: Cossacks sold svoї ґrunti Dali minutes passed before pospіlstva.